Abstract: This invention relates to compounds useful as ionic liquids that are based on an N-substituted pyrrolidinone and incorporate a pendant ammonium cation that is spaced from the pyrrolidone ring by a variable length linker.

Abstract: Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is inhibited with designed small molecules. Methods comprise contacting the GOAT with an inhibitor and detecting a resultant inhibition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 3-carboxy-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives of formula (I), geometrical isomers, enantiomers, diastereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and all possible mixtures thereof, and processes using them.

Abstract: There is provided a hydrazide compound having a controlling effect on pests represented by the formula (1): wherein, G is a 5-membered heterocyclic group, M is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 is independently a nitrogen atom, etc., m is an integer of 0 to 5, R2 is an optionally halogenated C1-C6 alkyl group, etc., R5 and R6 are independently an optionally substituted C1-C12 chain hydrocarbon group, etc., and R4 is an optionally substituted C1-C12 chain hydrocarbon group, etc.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds that are inhibitors of cysteine proteases, in particular, cathepsins B, K, L, F, and S and are therefore useful in treating diseases mediated by these proteases. The present invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and processes for preparing them.

Abstract: The invention provides the compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more compounds of formula I or intermediates thereof and one more of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, vehicles or diluents. The invention further provides methods of preparation and methods of use of prodrugs including NO-releasing prodrugs, double prodrugs and mutual prodrugs comprising the compounds of formula I.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel antagonist or partial agonists/antagonist of MCP-1 receptor activity: N-((1R,2S,5R)-5-(tert-butylamino)-2-((S)-2-oxo-3-(6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-ylamino) pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexyl)acetamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug, thereof, having an unexpected combination of desirable pharmacological characteristics. Crystalline forms of the present invention are also provided. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the same and methods of using the same as agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, allergic, autoimmune, metabolic, cancer and/or cardiovascular diseases is also an objective of this invention. The present disclosure also provides a process for preparing compounds of Formula (I), including N-((1R,2S,5R)-5-(tert-butylamino)-2-((S)-2-oxo-3-(6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-ylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexyl)acetamide: wherein R1, R8, R9, R10, and are as described herein.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidines, their derivatives, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. This invention also provides compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions that are beneficially treated by administering a compound with the ability to act as a synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) ligand and/or a sodium channel blocker.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed which inhibit SIR2 base exchange more than deacetylation, thus enhancing SIR2 deacetylation activity. Methods of using the compounds for enhancing SIR2 deacetylation activity and increasing longevity of an organism are also disclosed. Methods for screening for compounds that enhance SIR2 deacetylation activity and increase longevity of an organism are additionally disclosed.

Abstract: 3-aminopyrrolidone compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof that are active as sodium and/or calcium channel modulators and therefore useful in preventing, alleviating and curing a wide range of pathologies, including, but not limited to cardiovascular, inflammatory, ophthalmic, urologic, metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: is disclosed as an HIV protease inhibitor. Methods and compositions for inhibiting an HIV infection are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of Broad-Spectrum Chemokine Inhibitors (BSCIs), and in particular members of the acylaminolactam class of pharmaceutical agents, for the prevention, prophylaxis, treatment or amelioration of symptoms of inflammatory diseases. In particular, improved compositions consisting of BSCI agents combined with one or more additional active pharmaceutical agents in order to achieve improved anti-inflammatory efficacy with a reduced side-effect profile are described and claimed.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds useful as ionic liquids that are based on an N-substituted pyrrolidinone and incorporate a pendant ammonium cation that is spaced from the pyrrolidone ring by a variable length linker.

Abstract: A photorefractive dendron compound, a photorefractive dendrimer compound and applications thereof, and more particularly, a photorefractive dendron compound, including a non-linear chromophore containing a tricyanopyrroline-based electron-withdrawing group and a carbazole derivative having excellent charge transport properties, a method of preparing the photorefractive dendrimer compound, a photorefractive device including the photorefractive dendrimer compound, and a method of manufacturing the photorefractive device. In the photorefractive dendrimer compound, dendron has the non-linear optical chromophore and carbazole introduced thereto to thus impart one molecule with both photoconductivity and non-linear optical properties, thereby solving conventional problems caused by poor compatibility between photoconductive material and chromophores in conventional photorefractive material.

Abstract: A process for the manufacturing of levetiracetam, wherein said process comprises the steps of: (1) reacting the (?)-(S)-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetic acid with a substoichiometric amount of an activating agent in an alcoholic solvent, and (2) subjecting the resulting reaction solution of step (1) to an ammonolysis process with gaseous ammonia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising levetiracetam as active ingredient, the invention relates specifically to a prolonged release formulation.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a stable pharmaceutical solution, a process of the preparation thereof and therapeutic uses thereof.

Abstract: Methods and an apparatus for producing stable crystal polymorphs are provided. Inner surfaces of glass vials with a concave bottom topography are coated with nonstick compounds to select for nucleation of stable polymorphs.

Abstract: The present application describes modulators of MCP-1 of formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, useful for the prevention of asthma, multiple sclerosis, artherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: Antibacterial compounds of formula I are provided: As well as stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, and prodrugs thereof; pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds; methods of treating bacterial infections by the administration of such compounds; and processes for the preparation of the compounds.

Abstract: Levetiracetam (LEV) derivatives, methods for synthesizing LEV derivatives, and immunodiagnostic assays for LEV. The synthesis methods described herein include chirally-selective, liquid-phase synthesis steps to produce selected LEV derivatives in high-yield. LEV derivatives can include operative groups, such as: immunogenic moieties that can be used to prepare anti-LEV antibodies; antigenic moieties that can be used in immunodiagnostic assays for LEV; or tracer moieties that can be used in immunodiagnostic assays. Additionally, the LEV derivatives can be used in immunodiagnostic assays to compete with LEV for anti-LEV antibodies.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of general Formula (I) having histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, and a method useful to treat diseases using the compound.

Abstract: The present invention is related to new 2-oxo-cyclic compound, the process for preparing them and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating the inflammatory disease comprising the pain or inflammation caused by rheumatic disease, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthopathies, gout, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile arthritis, and inflammatory syndrome for example, from myositis, gingivitis, synovitis, ankylosing spondylitis, burstitis, burns and scar, inflammatory Crohn's disease, Types I diabetes. therefore, it can be used as the therapeutics for treating and preventing inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: The present application describes modulators of MCP-1 of formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, useful for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis and asthma.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the following formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, or a combination thereof, wherein R1, R2, and X are as defined herein. Compounds of the present invention are useful as progesterone receptor modulators.

Abstract: The present invention comprises pharmaceutical compositions comprising a co-crystal of an API and a co-crystal former, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new co-crystals of pyrrolidinones having the formula (I) wherein R1 is a C1-C6 alkyl group. R2 is a C1-C6 alkyl group which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogens or R2 is a C2-C6 alkenyl group.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to ionic liquids comprising a pendant Bronsted-acidic group, e.g., a sulfonic acid group. Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an ionic liquid comprising a pendant Bronsted-acidic group to catalyze a Bronsted-acid-catalyzed chemical reaction. A third aspect of the present invention relates to ionic liquids comprising a pendant nucleophilic group, e.g., an amine. Still another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an ionic liquid comprising a pendant nucleophilic group to catalyze a nucleophile-assisted chemical reaction. A fifth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an ionic liquid comprising a pendant nucleophilic group to remove a gaseous impurity, e.g., carbon dioxide, from a gas, e.g., sour natural gas.

Abstract: The invention concerns 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives of formula I, wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification, as well as their use as pharmaceuticals. The compounds of the invention are particularly suited for treating neurological disorders such as epilepsy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the following formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, or a combination thereof, wherein R1, R2, and X are as defined herein. Compounds of the present invention are useful as progesterone receptor modulators.

Abstract: An asymmetric synthesis of amino acid compound that is useful as a starting material or synthetic intermediate for production of medicinal products, agrichemicals, perfumes, functional polymers, etc. There is provided a method of enanthio-selective nucleophilic addition reaction to imine compound being a method of nucleophilic addition reaction of enamide compound accompanied by amino formation to imino group (—CH?N—) of imine compound, characterized in that the reaction is performed in the presence of a chiral copper catalyst. Further, there is provided a novel method of synthesizing an amino acid compound, etc., to which the above is applied.

Abstract: Methods, compositions and kits are disclosed directed at levetiracetam derivatives, immunogens, signal generating moieties, antibodies that bind levetiracetam and immunoassays for detection of levetiracetam.

Abstract: This case discloses compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 is C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, amino, monoC1-4alkylamino or diC1-4alkylamino; R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen, halogen, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, haloC1-4alkoxy, cyano or amino; each R4, which may be the same or different, is C1-6alkyl, halogen, haloC1-6alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, haloC1-4alkoxy, cyano, nitro or amino; p is 0, 1 or 2; each R5, which may be the same or different, is C1-6alkyl, halogen, haloC1-6alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, haloC1-4alkoxy, cyano, nitro or amino; q is 0, 1 or 2; R6 is —NR6aSO2R6b, —NR6aC(?O)R6b, —NR6a(C?O)N(R6c)2, —(C?O)R6d, —CH2NR6aSO2R6b, —CH2NR6aC(?O)R6b, CH2NR6a(C?O)N(R6c)2 or —CH2(C?O)R6d; where R6a and each R6c, which may be the same or different, is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; R6b and R6d are C1-6alkyl or haloC1-6alkyl; or R6a and R6b, or R6a and R6c, together with the interconnecting atoms, may form a 5- or 6-membered ring; n is 1 or 2; and R7 and R8, which may be the same or different, are

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R1 is R is —C(O)—N(R27)(R28) or and the remaining variables are as defined in the specification. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of formula I. Also disclosed are methods of treating cognitive or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating cognitive or neurodegenerative diseases comprising the compounds of formula I in combination with a ?-secretase inhibitor other than those of formula I, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a gamma-secretase inhibitor, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, a cholinesterase inhibitor or an anti-amyloid antibody.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds useful as ionic liquids that are based on an N-substituted pyrrolidinone and incorporate a pendant ammonium cation that is spaced from the pyrrolidone ring by a variable length linker.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds useful as ionic liquids that are based on an N-substituted pyrrolidinone and incorporate a pendant ammonium cation that is spaced from the pyrrolidone ring by a variable length linker, which compounds may be represented by the structure of the following Formula I: wherein: (a) Z is —(CH2)n—, wherein n is an integer from 2 to 12; (b) R2, R3 and R4 are each independently H or a C1 to C6 straight-chain or branched alkyl group; and (c) A?is levulinate, —[CF3—O—CFHCF2SO3]—, [CF3CF2OCFHCF2SO3]—, or [CF3CF2CF2OCFHCF2SO3]—.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of levetiracetam and, more particularly, to an improved process for the preparation of levetiracetam characterized by a crystallization-induced dynamic resolution of a diastereoisomeric mixture of an (±)-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide derivative.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R1 is R is —C(O)—N(R27)(R28) or and the remaining variables are as defined in the specification. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of formula I. Also disclosed are methods of treating cognitive or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating cognitive or neurodegenerative diseases comprising the compounds of formula I in combination with a ?-secretase inhibitor other than those of formula I, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a gamma-secretase inhibitor, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, a cholinesterase inhibitor or an anti-amyloid antibody.

Abstract: The invention relates to the R-enantiomer of N-carbamoylmethyl-4-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone (R-Carphedon) of pharmacological value. The method of its preparation includes the N-alkylation of 4(R)-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone with ethyl bromoacetate in the presence of a strong base and the treatment of intermediate N-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-4(R)-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone with ammonia.

Abstract: Compound and pharmaceutical compositions of Formula by blockade of the CB1 receptors via an inverse agonism mechanism, and are useful for reducing body weight in mammals, cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia, mitigating treatment emergent weight gain observed during treatment with antipsychotics and have increased bioavailability.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and uses of compounds and salts thereof of general formula (I), for the preparation of a medicament for treatment of an inflammatory disorder, but excluding (S)-3-(r-methylcyclohexyl-carbonylamino)-caprolactam: wherein z is 1, 2, 3 or 4; A is —CO— or —SO2-; Q is linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, oxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, alkylaminoalkyl, haloalkyl, aryl or substituted aryl; T1 and T2 together constitute a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or polycycloalkyl radical composed of n additional carbon atoms, where n is between 2 and 7; and each hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atoms in the ring generated by T1 and T2 may be independently be substituted by a group R1, where R1 is independently selected from an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl or alkylamino radical of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; or each R1 is independently selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, hydroxy, oxyalkyl, amino, aminoalkyl or aminodialkyl radi

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula: [wherein Ring A represents an optionally substituted 5- to 8-membered ring, Ring B represents a further optionally substituted 4- to 10-membered ring, Ring C represents a further optionally substituted benzene ring, X1 represents carbon atom, X2 represents a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, etc., W represents a nitrogen atom, etc., Y11 represents a group represented by the formula CR2R3? (wherein R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, etc., and R3? represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, etc., respectively), Y21 represents a group represented by the formula CR4R5? (wherein R4 represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, etc., and R5? represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, etc., respectively), etc., and R1 represents an electron-withdrawing group, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optically enriched or substantially optically pure 4-substituted-pyrrolidin-2-ones of formula (III), and their uses for the synthesis of 2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a study on the synthesis of a novel N-(2-aminophenyl)benzamide derivative having an urea structure and represented by the general formula (1); and the utilization of a pharmacological effect of the derivative. A compound represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof has an effect of cellular morphological change on trabecular meshwork cells and is effective in the prevention and/or treatment of a disease considered to be related to intraocular pressure. In the formula, R1 and R2 represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or the like; R3 represents a hydroxy group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower cycloalkyloxy group, an aryloxy group, or the like; R4 and R5 represent a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a lower alkoxy group, or the like; X represents a lower alkylene group or the like; Y represents a single bond, a lower alkylene group, or the like; l and m represent 0, 1, 2, or the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for preparing 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives of general formula (I), comprising the cyclisation of an intermediate of general formula (II) wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel class of compounds, represented by the formula (I) below, wherein the meanings of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, X and Y are indicated therein, which are cysteine protease inhibitors, including but not limited to, inhibitors of cathepsms K L, S and B These compounds are useful for treating diseases in which inhibition of bone resorption is indicated, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing ?,? disubstituted ?-lactam derivatives of formula (I) that are useful as neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists, and inhibitors of tachykinin and in particular substance P. The compounds are useful in the treatment of certain disorders, including emesis, urinary incontinence, depression, and anxiety.

Abstract: The present invention relates to inhibitors of post-proline cleaving enzyme, such as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, as well as pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods for using such inhibitors. In particular, the inhibitors of the present invention incorporate a lactam ring in the backbone of the inhibitors. The compounds of the present invention can have a better therapeutic index, owing in part to reduced toxicity and/or improved specificity for the target protease.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and uses of compounds of general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament intended to treat an inflammatory disorder; wherein z X is 1, 2 or 4; X is —CO—Yk—(R1)n or SO2—Yk—(R1)n; k is 0 or 1; Y is a cycloalkyl or polycyloalkyl group (such as an adamantyl, adamantanemethyl, bicyclooctyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropyl group); or is a cycloalkenyl or polycycloalkenyl group; each R1 is independently selected from hydrogen or an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl or alkylamino radical of 1 to 20 carbon atoms (for example of 5 to 20 carbon atoms, of 8 to 20 carbon atoms, of 9 to 20 carbon atoms, of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, of 12 to 18 carbon atoms, of 13 to 18 carbon atoms, of 14 to 18 carbon atoms, of 13 to 17 carbon atoms); or each R1 is independently selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, hydroxy, oxyalkyl, amino, aminoalkyl or aminodialkyl radical; and n is any integer from 1 to m,

Abstract: A novel hydrogel copolymer, a substrate coated with the copolymer, a method of producing a microarray using the copolymer, and a microarray produced by the method are provided. The use of the hydrogel copolymer makes efficient removal of protein and high integration of nucleic acid and protein on a substrate for a microarray possible.