Abstract: Electrolyte solutions for flow batteries and other electrochemical systems can contain an active material that is capable of transferring one or more electrons per molecule during an oxidation-reduction cycle. Doubly bridged aromatic groups or their coordination compounds can be particularly suitable active materials. Flow batteries can include a first half-cell containing a first electrolyte solution, and a second half-cell containing a second electrolyte solution, in which at least one of the first electrolyte solution and the second electrolyte solution contains an active material having at least two aromatic groups doubly bridged by a carbonyl moiety and a bridging moiety containing a bridging atom selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium. Such bridged compounds can directly function as the active material, or coordination compounds containing the bridged compounds as at least one ligand can serve as the active material.

Abstract: A reagent that enhances acid generation of a photoacid generator and composition containing such a reagent is described.

Abstract: An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition includes; a compound (A) which generates an acid by irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, wherein the acid is linked with a group represented by the following general formula (M) through covalent bonding. In the formula, Y1 and Y2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or an acyl group. Z represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

Abstract: Novel photoinitiators provide for polyurethane formation, in which a photoinitiator moiety and a tertiary amine are incorporated into the photoinitiator structure, and thus the polyurethane polymer.

Abstract: Provided is an actinic-ray- or radiation-sensitive resin composition, including any of compounds of general formula (1) below that when exposed to actinic rays or radiation, is decomposed to thereby generate an acid and a resin that when acted on by an acid, is decomposed to thereby increase its solubility in an alkali developer.

Abstract: Described are sulfonated aromatic compounds and methods of making said compounds. The compounds are useful as monomers in a variety of polymers such as polyamides and polyesters, and can impart flame resistant properties.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and prevention of kidney diseases, containing (a) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by Formulae 1 or 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate or isomer thereof, and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient or any combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a salt represented by the formula (I): wherein Q1 and Q2 independently each represent a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, L1 and L2 independently each represent a C1-C17 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group in which one or more —CH2— can be replaced by —O— or —CO—, ring W1 and ring W2 independently each represent a C3-C36 aliphatic ring, R2 is independently in each occurrence a C1-C6 alkyl group, R4 is independently in each occurrence a C1-C6 alkyl group, R3 represents a C1-C12 hydrocarbon group, t represents an integer of 0 to 2, u represents an integer of 0 to 2, and Z+ represents an organic counter ion.

Abstract: A semiconducting layer comprising a non-polymeric quinoid heteroacene compound of the formula (I) wherein X stands for O, S or NR, each of R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 being independently selected from hydrogen and an organic residue, or 2 or more thereof together forming one or more annealed rings, which may be substituted or unsubstituted, carbocyclic or helerocyclic, aromatic, quinoid or aliphatic, may be used e.g. for the manufacture of a diode, an organic field effect transistor, an organic thin film transistor, or a device containing a diode and/or an organic field effect transistor and/or organic thin film transistor.

Abstract: Spirocyclic cyclohexane compounds corresponding to formula I In which R1, R2, R3 and R5 through R10 and X have defined meanings, a process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and the use of such spirocyclic cyclohexane compounds in the treatment and/or inhibition of pain and other conditions mediated by the ORL-1 or the ?-opioid receptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for treating or preventing hearing loss comprising naphthoquinone-based compounds.

Abstract: One embodiment includes methods of adding two sulfonic acid groups to molecules having at least two cyclic groups.

Abstract: A salt represented by the formula (I) and a resist composition containing the salt are provided, wherein Q1, Q2, L1, ring W1, Re1, Re2, Re3, Re4, Re5, Re6, Re7, Re8, Re9, Re10, Re11, Re12, Re13 and Z are defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a salt represented by the formula (I): wherein Q1 and Q2 independently each represent a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, L1 represents a C1-C17 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group in which one or more —CH2— can be replaced by —O— or —CO—, ring W represents a C3-C36 aliphatic ring in which one or more —CH2— can be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO2— and in which one or more hydrogen atoms can be replaced by a hydroxyl group, a C1-C12 alkyl group, a C1-C12 alkoxy group, a C3-C12 alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a C6-C10 aromatic hydrocarbon group, Rf is independently in each occurrence a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 fluorinated alkyl group, n represents an integer of 1 to 10, and Z+ represents an organic counter ion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to heterocyclic radicals or diradicals, the dimers, oligomers, polymers, dispiro compounds and polycycles thereof, to the use thereof to organic semiconductive materials and to electronic and optoelectronic components.

Abstract: The present invention provides a salt represented by the formula (I): wherein Q1 and Q2 independently each represent a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, L1 and L2 independently each represent a C1-C17 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group in which one or more —CH2— can be replaced by —O— or —CO—, ring W1 and ring W2 independently each represent a C3-C36 aliphatic ring, R2 is independently in each occurrence a C1-C6 alkyl group, R4 is independently in each occurrence a C1-C6 alkyl group, R3 represents a C1-C12 hydrocarbon group, t represents an integer of 0 to 2, u represents an integer of 0 to 2, and Z+ represents an organic counter ion.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical presentations of phenoxathiin-based MAO-A inhibitors are disclosed whereby the MAO receptors are protected from binding to active ingredient in the stomach. Particular phenoxathiin-based MAO-A inhibitors include those of the following formula: (I) wherein n is 0, 1 or 2; R1 is a branched or straight chain C1-5 alkyl or C3-6 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with hydroxyl, or one or more halogens; and X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are either all hydrogens or one or two of X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are halogen and the remainder are hydrogens, with the proviso that when n is 0 or 1 and each X is hydrogen, R1 is not methyl. A wide variety of enteric mechanisms may be utilized so as to provide release of the active ingredient essentially out of the environment of the stomach after ingestion as a pharmaceutical presentation, such as a tablet or capsule. Presentations include enteric coated tablets, enteric coated capsules, capsules containing enteric coated beads.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical presentations or phenoxathiin-based MAO-A inhibitors are disclosed whereby the MAO receptors are capable of sustained release in the digestive tract. Particular phenoxathiin-based MAO-A inhibitors include those of the following formula: wherein n is 0, 1 or 2; R1 is a branched or straight chain C1-5 alkyl or C3-6 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with hydroxyl, or one or more halogens; and X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are either all hydrogens or one or two of X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are halogen and the remainder are hydrogens, with the proviso that when n is 0 or 1 and each X is hydrogen, R1 is not methyl. A wide variety or sustained release mechanisms can be utilized so as to provide gradual release of the active ingredient after ingestion as a pharmaceutical presentation, such as a tablet or capsule. Presentations include sustained release tablets, sustained release capsules, capsules containing sustained release beads.

Abstract: The present invention is a salt represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 independently represent a fluorine atom or a C1 to C6 perfluoroalkyl group; L1 represents a C1 to C17 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, a —CH2— contained in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—; ring W1 represents a C2 to C36 heterocycle; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C12 hydrocarbon group, a —CH2— contained in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—; R4 in each occurrence independently represent a C1 to C6 hydrocarbon group, a —CH2— contained in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—; m represents an integer of 0 to 6; and Z+ represents an organic cation.

Abstract: The invention provides lapachone analogs and derivatives as well as methods of use thereof. These compounds can be used in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prevention of cell proliferation disorders. These compounds can also be used in the treatment or prevention of cancer or precancerous conditions.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition, which comprises a compound represented by formula (I): wherein R1 to R13 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and at least one of R1 to R13 is a substituent containing an alcoholic hydroxyl group; Z represents a single bond or a divalent linking group; and X? represents a counter anion; and a pattern-forming method using the photosensitive composition.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an actinic-ray- or radiation-sensitive resin composition includes an arylsulfonium salt that when exposed to actinic rays or radiation, generates an acid, the arylsulfonium salt containing at least one aryl ring on which there are a total of one or more electron donating groups, the acid generated upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation having a volume of 240 ?3 or greater.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I), wherein R1, R2 and R3 for example are hydrogen, halogen, CN, C1-C18alkyl, C1-C10 haloalkyl, (CO)R8, (CO)OR4, or (CO)NR5R6; Y is O, S or CO; D2, D3 and D4 for example are a direct bond, O, S, NR7, CO, O(CO), (CO)O, S(CO), (CO)S, NR7(CO), (CO)NR7, SO, SO2, or OSO2, C1-C18alkylene, C3-C30cycloalkylene, C2-C12alkenylene, C4-C30cycloalkenylene, Ar1; Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 are for example phenylene, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are for example hydrogen, C3-C30-cycloalkyl, C1-C18alkyl, C1-C10haloalkyl, C2-C12alkenyl, C4-C30cycloalkenyl, phenyl-C1C3-alkyl; X? is Formulae (IA), (IB) or (IC); R10 is for example C1-C18alkyl, C1-C10haloalkyl, camphoryl, phenyl-C1-C3alkyl, C3-C30cycloalkyl; and R11, R12, R13, R14 and R15 are for example C1-C10haloalkyl; are useful as polymerizable photolatent acids.

Abstract: A salt represented by the formula (X): wherein Q1 and Q2 each independently represent a fluorine atom etc., L1 and L2 independently each represent a C1-C17 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, ring W1 represents a C3-C36 saturated hydrocarbon ring, R2 is independently in each occurrence a hydroxyl group etc., s represents an integer of 0 to 2, Z+ represents an organic counter ion, and W10 represents a group represented by the formula (X-1): wherein ring W2 represents a C4-C36 saturated hydrocarbon ring in which one or more —CH2— can be replaced by —O— or —CO—, with the proviso that at least one —CH2— in the C4-C36 saturated hydrocarbon ring is replaced by —CO—, R3 is independently in each occurrence a C1-C6 alkyl group etc., and t represents an integer of 0 to 2, or a group represented by the formula (X-2): wherein ring W3 represents a C3-C36 saturated hydrocarbon ring, R4 is independently in each occurrence a hydroxyl group etc., R5 is independently in each occurrence a C1-C6 alkyl group etc.

Abstract: Autotaxin (ATX) is a prometastatic enzyme initially isolated from the conditioned media of human melanoma cells that stimulates a myriad of biological activities including angiogenesis and the promotion of cell growth, survival, and differentiation through the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). ATX increases the aggressiveness and invasiveness of transformed cells, and ATX levels directly correlate with tumor stage and grade in several human malignancies. To study the role of ATX in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma, we developed antibodies and small molecule inhibitors against recombinant human protein. Immunohistochemistry of paraffin embedded human tissue demonstrates that ATX levels are markedly increased in human primary and metastatic melanoma relative to benign nevi. Chemical screens identified several small molecule inhibitors with binding constants ranging from nanomolar to low micromolar.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and prevention of cardiac diseases, containing (a) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by Formula 1 or 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate or isomer thereof, and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition includes (A) a compound represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1 to R13 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, Z represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, and X? represents an anion containing a proton acceptor functional group.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and prevention of kidney diseases, containing (a) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by Formulae 1 or 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate or isomer thereof, and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient or any combination thereof.

Abstract: Provided herein is a new form of 3-fluoro-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenoxathin 10,10-dioxide, which demonstrates higher stability relative to other forms of 3-fluoro-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenoxathiin-10,10-dioxide. In particular, this new form affords less dosage critical administration of 3-fluoro-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenoxathin 10,10-dioxide relative to other forms. The new solid form of 3-fluoro-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenoxathiin-10,10-dioxide has been determined and is provided herein. This new solid form of 3-fluoro-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenoxathiin-10,10-dioxide can be characterized by any of a number of its properties, including, but not limited to, melting point, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopic spectrum or portions thereof, solubility, methods and conditions under which this form is prepared, and/or precipitated from solution, and, when in crystalline form, the crystalline form can be characterized according to the diffraction pattern or portions thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and/or prevention of restenosis including (a) a therapeutically effective amount of a particular compound represented by Formula 1 and 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate or isomer thereof, and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a diluent or an excipient, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: Provided is an oral pharmaceutical composition with improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of a drug, by increasing a bioabsorption rate and an in vivo retention time of an active ingredient via intestine-targeted formulation of a particular naphthoquinone-based compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate or isomer thereof, as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The invention provides lapachone analogs and derivatives as well as methods of use thereof. These compounds can be used in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prevention of cell proliferation disorders. These compounds can also be used in the treatment or prevention of cancer or precancerous conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with a suitable carrier, diluent, or excipient; and methods for treating physiological disorders, particularly congestive heart disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis or inflammation, comprising administering to a patient in thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).

Abstract: The alicyclic compound of the present invention has a five- or more membered ring structure having an epithioethylene linkage and/or an epidithioethylene linkage, and has tow or more sulfur atoms in its molecule. Optical materials produced by curing the alicyclic compound or a composition containing the alicyclic compound by polymerization show high refractive index.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): [in which: R1 represents a direct bond, an oxygen atom, a group >CH2, a sulphur atom, a group >C?O, a group —(CH2)2— or a group of formula —N—Ra, where Ra is hydrogen or an alkyl; R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each hydrogen or various groups or atoms; R8, R9, R10 and R11 are each hydrogen, hydroxy, or alkyl; or R9 and R11 form a fused ring system with the benzene rings to which they are attached; R12 is a direct bond, oxygen atom or methylene; and X? is an anion; and esters thereof] are useful as cationic photoinitiators, especially for use in surface coating applications, such as printing inks and varnishes, and which are intended to be cured by polymerisation initiated by radiation.

Abstract: In a process for the hydroformylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, at least one complex of a metal of transition group VIII. with at least one phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compound as ligand is used as hydroformylation catalyst, where the compound used as ligand in each case comprises two groups which comprise a P, As or Sb atom and at least two further hetero atoms and are bound to a xanthene-like molecular framework. New compounds of this type and catalysts which comprise at least one complex of a metal of transition group VIII. with at least one such compound as ligand are also provided.

Abstract: Dihydrothiaphenanthrenecarbonylguanidine compound of formula I These compounds are potentially suitable as antiarrythmic medicaments with a cardioprotective component for prophylaxis of an infarction and treatment of infarction, and for treatment of angina pectoris. They may also inhibit in a preventive manner the pathophysiological processes involved in the development of ischemia-induced damage, especially in the initiation of ischemia-induced cardiac arrhythmias.

Abstract: The application concerns a compound of formula I: 1

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of the formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts having useful antiviral activity against viruses of the herpes family. In said formula, X=O, (CH2)m, S, SO, SO2, NH, NR8 or a chemical bond; Y=O, (CH2)m, S, SO, SO2, NH, NR8; Z=NH, O, NR8, S, SO, SO2. The remaining substituents are described in the specification.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I: 1

Abstract: The present invention of compounds of formula (I) 1

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): and medicinal products containing the same are useful in treating or in preventing melatoninergic disorders.

Abstract: Xanthone derivatives of the formula I where the index and the variables are as defined below: n is 0, 1 or 2; R1 is alkyl or haloalkyl; R2,R3 are alkoxy, alkenyloxy or alkynyloxy, or R2 and R3 together form an unsubstituted or substituted oxyalkyleneoxy group; R4 is halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, mercapto, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkylcarbonylthio; R5 is a group R4, where the groups R5 may be different if n=2; X, Y are oxygen or sulfur; Processes for preparing these compounds, compositions comprising them and their use for controlling phytopathogenic harmful fungi are described.

Abstract: There is disclosed a polymerizable sulfur-containing (meth)acrylate, it has a high refractive index, a great Abbe's number and excellent light resistance and is suitable for the production of a transparent resin which rarely smells at the time of molding and is further excellent in storage stability. A polymerizable composition containing the (meth)acrylate and an optical lens which is a cured product of the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: Chiral ligands and transition metal complexes based on such chiral ligands useful in asymmetric catalysis are disclosed. The chiral ligands include chiral C1-C6 TunaPhos ligands. The ruthenium TunaPhos complex reduces ketones to the corresponding alcohols with 95-99.6% enantioselectivity. The transition metal complexes of the chiral ligands are useful in asymmetric reactions such as asymmetric hydrogenation, hydride transfer, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydrovinylation, hydroformylation, hydrocarboxylation, isomerization, allylic alkylation, cyclopropanation, Diels-Alder reaction, Heck reaction, isomerization, Aldol reaction, Michael addition and epoxidation reactions.

Abstract: 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran derivatives of general formula 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for production of sulfurized diphenyloxides wherein a diphenyloxide is reacted with elemental sulfur in the presence of solid acid catalyst. The solid acid catalyst can be a zeolite or a catalytic amount of a Friedel-Crafts compound. The present invention further relates to a composition containing between about 40 and about 80 weight percent diphenyloxide; no more than about 15 weight percent diphenyloxide thiol; between about 5 and about 45 weight percent phenoxathiin; and between about 3 and about 50 weight percent total of bis(diphenyloxide) sulfide, diphenyloxide phenoxathiin sulfide, and bis(phenoxathiin) sulfide.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds and compositions for the treatment of infectious diseases are disclosed. The compounds are xanthones and xanthone derivatives, such as 3,5-bis-&egr;-(N,N-diethylamino)amyloxyxanthone. The described compositions include such compounds and a pharmaceutical carrier. These compositions also can include additional materials conventionally used to form therapeutic compositions. 3,5-bis-&egr;-(N,N-diethylamino)amyloxyxanthone has an IC50 for Plasmodium falciparum of about 0.15 &mgr;M, and an IC50 for Leishmania mexicana of <<0.5 &mgr;M. These compositions are additionally useful for forming soluble complexes with heme and porphyrins.

Abstract: This invention provides cancer-active tricyclic and tetracyclic oxypyrones and a method of synthesizing these compounds. Preferred compounds have aryl groups at the 3-position of the oxypyrone ring. The tricyclic oxypyrone synthetic method is a simple condensation reaction of pyrones with cyclohexenecarboxaldehydes, providing high yields and using few steps. The tetracyclic oxypyrone synthetic method is a simple condensation reaction of carvones with pyrones.

Abstract: Spiroadamantyl dioxetanes bearing an alkoxy substituent, and an aromatic substituent of phenyl or naphthyl on the dioxetane ring can be activated to chemiluminesce if the aromatic substituent bears a moiety designated OX, wherein the X is cleaved by an enzyme with which the dioxetane is permitted to come in contact with. The T½ kinetics of the chemiluminescent reaction, as well as the signal intensity, or quantum yield of the chemiluminescent reaction, can be altered by selection of an electron-withdrawing or an electron-donating group Z, at positions on the aromatic substituent other than those adjacent the point of attachment to the dioxetane. Signal strength can further be enhanced by recognized chemiluminescent enhancers.