Abstract: A process for the preparation of intermediates 9, useful in the synthesis of sofosbuvir, as well as intermediates of formula [12] are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Provided are polyglyceryl compositions comprising one or more polyglyceryl compounds having: (a) a node structure comprising at least three contiguous glyceryl remnant units; (b) one or more cationic groups each linked to the node structure by an independently selected linking group; and (c) one or more hydrophobic moieties each independently (i) linked to the node structure by a linking group, or (ii) constituting a portion of one of the one or more cationic groups, wherein the composition has an average degree of polymerization determined by hydroxyl value testing (DPOH) of from about 3 to about 20. Also provided are polyglyceryl compounds which may compose such compositions, and uses of the polyglyceryl compositions and compounds.

Abstract: Provided are polyglyceryl compositions comprising one or more polyglyceryl compounds having: (a) a node structure comprising at least three contiguous glyceryl remnant units; (b) one or more cationic groups each linked to the node structure by an independently selected linking group; and (c) one or more hydrophobic moieties each independently (i) linked to the node structure by a linking group, or (ii) constituting a portion of one of the one or more cationic groups, wherein the composition has an average degree of polymerization determined by hydroxyl value testing (DPOH) of from about 3 to about 20. Also provided are polyglyceryl compounds which may compose such compositions, and uses of the polyglyceryl compositions and compounds.

Abstract: Provided are polyglyceryl compositions comprising one or more polyglyceryl compounds having: (a) a node structure comprising at least three contiguous glyceryl remnant units; (b) one or more cationic groups each linked to the node structure by an independently selected linking group; and (c) one or more hydrophobic moieties each independently (i) linked to the node structure by a linking group, or (ii) constituting a portion of one of the one or more cationic groups, wherein the composition has an average degree of polymerization determined by hydroxyl value testing (DPOH) of from about 3 to about 20. Also provided are polyglyceryl compounds which may compose such compositions, and uses of the polyglyceryl compositions and compounds.

Abstract: An amide compound represented by formula (I) has an excellent pest control effect. (In the formula, Y represents a 3-7 membered saturated heterocyclic ring which contains, as ring-forming components(s), one or more atoms or groups that are selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom and —S(O)t—, the saturated heterocyclic ring may have one to three atoms or groups selected from group D and t represents 0 or the like; X represents a C1-C10 chain hydrocarbon group which may have one or more atoms or groups that are selected from group A, or the like; W represents —CR8— or the like; r represents 1 or the like; R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or the like; and n represents 1 or the like.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of efficiently producing branched, cyclic glycerol-based polymer surface active products having ester and alkyl functional groups with a co-product as anti-biodegrading agent from inexpensive readily available glycerol monomer. The method involves polymerizing glycerol or glycerol with at least another monomer to multiple other monomers in the presence of particular amount of a strong base as the catalyst under a particular distillation environment. The polyol then undergoes esterification, alkylation and crosslinking in presence of particular amount of a catalyst under a particular low activity atmospheric environment. The glycerol-based polymer surface active products produced by the inventive method are beneficial for reducing lignin, extractives and rejects levels in pulping process of papermaking industry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tetrahydronapthalene compound having Formula I the variables of which are as described herein, methods of preparing same and their use.

Abstract: A hydrofluoroether compound comprises at least one five- or six-membered, perfluorinated heterocyclic ring, each ring comprising four or five ring carbon atoms and one or two catenated heteroatoms selected from divalent ether oxygen atoms and trivalent nitrogen atoms, at least one of the catenated heteroatoms being a divalent ether oxygen atom, and each of the ring carbon atoms adjacent to the divalent ether oxygen atom bearing a fluorochemical group that comprises a tetrafluoroethylidene moiety (—(CF3)CF—) that is directly bonded to the ring carbon atom, the fluorochemical group optionally comprising at least one catenated heteroatom selected from divalent ether oxygen atoms and trivalent nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: Provided are polyglyceryl compositions comprising one or more polyglyceryl compounds having: (a) a node structure comprising at least three contiguous glyceryl remnant units; (b) one or more cationic groups each linked to the node structure by an independently selected linking group; and (c) one or more hydrophobic moieties each independently (i) linked to the node structure by a linking group, or (ii) constituting a portion of one of the one or more cationic groups, wherein the composition has an average degree of polymerization determined by hydroxyl value testing (DPOH) of from about 3 to about 20. Also provided are polyglyceryl compounds which may compose such compositions, and uses of the polyglyceryl compositions and compounds.

Abstract: Compounds that function, alone or in combination, as inhibitors of pigmentation for the improvement of mammalian skin are described herein. Specifically, the compounds of the present disclosure, namely chiral, non-racemic compounds, function as pigment formation inhibitors thereof to beautify skin and discourage the production of melanins. One or more products, consumer and otherwise, comprising the chiral, non-racemic compounds are disclosed herein. Methods of employing both the compounds of the present disclosure and the products incorporating the present compounds are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A positive resist composition comprising (A) a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation, (B) a resin capable of increasing the solubility in an alkali developer by the action of an acid, and (C) a compound having a specific structure, which decomposes by the action of an acid to generate an acid, a pattern forming method using the positive resist composition, and a compound for use in the positive resist composition are provided as a positive resist composition exhibiting good performance in terms of pattern profile, line edge roughness, pattern collapse, sensitivity and resolution in normal exposure (dry exposure), immersion exposure and double exposure, a pattern forming method using the positive resist composition and a compound for use in the positive resist composition.

Abstract: Provided are a polymerizable compound shown below which is useful as a raw material for a polymer having less swelling in developing, a polymer obtained by polymerizing a raw material containing the above polymerizable compound, a photoresist composition which contains the above polymer and which is improved in LWR and an efficient production process for the polymerizable compound described above: wherein n represents an integer of 0 to 2; R1 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl or trifluoromethyl; R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or the like; W represents an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or the like; and Y1 and Y2 represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

Abstract: The use of a compound of formula I wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, or compositions containing them in controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs.

Abstract: Provided are 1) a polymer which is excellent in a reactivity to acid and a heat stability and which is less swollen in developing, 2) a compound shown below which is a raw material for the above polymer and 3) a photoresist composition which contains the above polymer and which is improved in LWR and excellent in a heat resistance. (wherein n represents an integer of 0 to 2; R1 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl or the like; R2 to R10 each represent independently a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group or the like; and A and B each represent independently an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for purifying p-dioxanone. In embodiments, crude p-dioxanone may be contacted with at least one isocyanate-functionalized scavenger. The at least one isocyanate-functionalized scavenger may react with hydroxyl compounds present with the crude p-dioxanone to form reaction products, in embodiments polyurethanes and/or polyureas, which may then be removed. The p-dioxanone thus obtained is of greater purity than the starting crude p-dioxanone.

Abstract: Provided are polyglyceryl compositions comprising one or more polyglyceryl compounds having: (a) a node structure comprising at least three contiguous glyceryl remnant units; (b) one or more cationic groups each linked to the node structure by an independently selected linking group; and (c) one or more hydrophobic moieties each independently (i) linked to the node structure by a linking group, or (ii) constituting a portion of one of the one or more cationic groups, wherein the composition has an average degree of polymerization determined by hydroxyl value testing (DPOH) of from about 3 to about 20. Also provided are polyglyceryl compounds which may compose such compositions, and uses of the polyglyceryl compositions and compounds.

Abstract: Provided are polyglyceryl compositions comprising one or more polyglyceryl compounds having: (a) a node structure comprising at least three contiguous glyceryl remnant units; (b) one or more cationic groups each linked to the node structure by an independently selected linking group; and (c) one or more hydrophobic moieties each independently (i) linked to the node structure by a linking group, or (ii) constituting a portion of one of the one or more cationic groups, wherein the composition has an average degree of polymerization determined by hydroxyl value testing (DPOH) of from about 3 to about 20. Also provided are polyglyceryl compounds which may compose such compositions, and uses of the polyglyceryl compositions and compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted tetrahydronaphthalenes, to derivatives thereof, to physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to physiologically functional derivatives, to the production thereof, to drugs containing at least one substituted tetrahydronaphthalene according to the invention or derivative thereof, and to the use of the substituted tetrahydronaphthalenes according to the invention and to derivatives thereof as MCH antagonists.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, are suitable for use as herbicides.

Abstract: A positive resist composition comprising (A) a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation, (B) a resin capable of increasing the solubility in an alkali developer by the action of an acid, and (C) a compound having a specific structure, which decomposes by the action of an acid to generate an acid, a pattern forming method using the positive resist composition, and a compound for use in the positive resist composition are provided as a positive resist composition exhibiting good performance in terms of pattern profile, line edge roughness, pattern collapse, sensitivity and resolution in normal exposure (dry exposure), immersion exposure and double exposure, a pattern forming method using the positive resist composition and a compound for use in the positive resist composition.

Abstract: Provided are 1) a polymer which is excellent in a reactivity to acid and a heat stability and which is less swollen in developing, 2) a compound shown below which is a raw material for the above polymer and 3) a photoresist composition which contains the above polymer and which is improved in LWR and excellent in a heat resistance. (wherein n represents an integer of 0 to 2; R1 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl or the like; R2 to R10 each represent independently a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group or the like; and A and B each represent independently an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom).

Abstract: 7, 8 and 9-substituted tetracycline compounds, methods of treating tetracycline responsive states, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the 7, 8 and 9-substituted tetracycline compounds are described.

Abstract: Provided are a polymerizable compound shown below which is useful as a raw material for a polymer having less swelling in developing, a polymer obtained by polymerizing a raw material containing the above polymerizable compound, a photoresist composition which contains the above polymer and which is improved in LWR and an efficient production process for the polymerizable compound described above: wherein n represents an integer of 0 to 2; R1 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl or trifluoromethyl; R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or the like; W represents an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or the like; and Y1 and Y2 represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

Abstract: Provide are fluorinated cyclic and acyclic carbonate solvent compositions such as various fluorine substituted 1,3-dioxolane-2-one compounds and fluorine substituted 1,3-dioxane-2-one compounds, which are useful as electrolyte solvents for lithium ion batteries.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I) in which the substituents R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each as defined in claim 1 have renin-inhibiting properties and can be used as medicaments.

Abstract: The invention relates to non-peptidic molecules which modulate, especially inhibit, the interaction of protein kinase A (PKA) and A kinase anchor proteins (AKAP) and to a host or target organism that comprises said non-peptidic compounds or recognition molecules directed to said compounds, such as e.g. antibodies or chelating agents. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical agent, especially for use in the treatment of diseases that are associated with a disturbance of the cAMP signal path, especially insipid diabetes, hypertonia, pancreatic diabetes, duodenal ulcer, asthma, heart failure, obesity, AIDS, edema, hepatic cirrhosis, schizophrenia and others. The invention also relates to the use of the inventive molecules.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I) in which the substituents R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each as defined in claim 1 have renin-inhibiting properties and can be used as medicaments.

Abstract: Certain bis-(coumarin) compounds as well as the products of their intramolecular cyclization including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, clathrates, prodrugs, tautomers and stereoisomers thereof are disclosed. Certain processes and intermediates for the preparation of certain bis-(coumarin) compounds, as well as for the use of these compounds as therapeutically active agents in the prophylaxis and treatment of asthma and other inflammatory diseases and conditions in mammals, especially humans are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel carboxamides of formula (I), in which M represents a phenyl ring, pyridine ring or pyrimidine, pyridazine or pyrazine ring, respectively monosubstituted by R8, or represents a thiazole ring substituted by R8-A; R8 represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, methyl, isopropyl, methylthio or trifluoromethyl; R8 can also represent methoxy; R8-A represents hydrogen, methyl, methylthio or trifluoromethyl; L1 represents C1-C10 alkene (alkanediyl); Q represents O, S, SO, SO2 or NR9; L2 represents a direct bond, SiR10R11 or CO; R represents hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4 alkylthio-C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl, C2-C8 alkynyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6-haloalkenyl, C2-C6 haloalkynyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; A represents the group of formula (AI); the remaining substituents are defined in claim 1.

Abstract: Primary intermediates for hair coloring compositions for oxidative dyeing of hair are compounds of the formula (1): where R1 and R2 are each individually selected from a hydrogen atom, a C1 to C3 alkyl group, a C1 to C5 mono or dihydroxyalkyl group, phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted with an alkoxy group, or R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperazine, piperidine, imidazole, or morpholine ring.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel neuropeptide Y ligands having the general formula I Wherein the symbols W, A, D, R1, R2, R3, R4 are further defined in the description. Compounds of formula I are agonists and antagonists of neuropeptide Y, and are therefore useful as regulators.

Abstract: The present invention relates compounds of the formula (I); wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R10 represent a variety of substituents; A represents NR9 or O; B represents a bond, CH2, NR9 or O, wherein one or both hydrogen atoms in said CH2 moiety may be replaced with one or both of R7 and R8, or alternatively, one of the hydrogen atoms in said CH2 moiety together with a hydrogen atom from an adjacent carbon are replaced by a double bond; with the proviso that when A is O, then B is NR9; n is zero, 1 or 2; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are of particular use in the treatment or prevention of depression, anxiety, pain, inflammation, migaine, emesis or postherpetic neuralgia.

Abstract: Primary intermediates for hair coloring compositions for oxidative dyeing of hair are compounds of the formula (1): where R1 and R2 are each individually selected from a hydrogen atom, a C1 to C3 alkyl group, a C1 to C5 mono or dihydroxyalkyl group, phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted with an alkoxy group, or R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperazine, piperidine, imidazole, or morpholine ring.

Abstract: Primary intermediates for hair coloring compositions for oxidative dyeing of hair are compounds of the formula (1): wherein R is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, amino, halogen, C1 to C5 alkyl or haloalkyl, C1 to C5 alkoxy or cyclic alkoxy, C1 to C5 hydroxyalkyl and C1 to C5 hydroxyalkoxy; Ar is an aromatic group; and y=1 to 3.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): A-G1-Cy-G2-Cy-G3-B  (I) wherein: A represents NR1C(Q)R2, C(Q)NR2R3 or NR1C(Q)NR2R3, B represents NR1C(Q)R2, C(Q)NR2R3, NR1C(Q)NR2R3, C(Q)OR1, NR1C(Q)OR2 or NR2R3, G1 and G3 represent an optionally substituted alkylene chain, Cy represents a ring structure G2 represents a chain and medicinal products containing the same which are useful in treating or in preventing melatoninergic disorders.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a coating composition comprising a first compound comprising at least one bicyclo- or spiro-orthoester group and a second compound comprising at least two hydroxyl-reactive groups. The invention also comprises a process for curing the present coating composition. More particularly, the latent hydroxyl groups of the bicyclo- or spiro-orthoester groups have to be deblocked and reacted with the hydroxyl-reactive groups of the second compound if the present coating composition is to be cured. Further, a process for making bicyclo-orthoester compounds from the corresponding oxetane compound is described, as are polymers comprising at least one bicyclo- or spiro-orthoester group.

Abstract: The invention pertains to novel peptide analogs suitable for inhibiting protein:prenyl transferases. As such they are therapeutically useful in e.g. inhibiting oncogenesis and other unwanted cell proliferation, and in supressing aberrant high signal transduction. The analogs comply with the following formula: in which: R1 is hydrogen or a thiol-protecting group; R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl; R4 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 acyl or peptidyl; R5 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl; R6 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; A is a direct bond or an optionally substituted C1-C4 alkylene chain; Y represents an oxo group or two hydrogen atoms; Z is oxygen, sulphur, imino or C1-C5 alkyl-, aryl- or acylimino; M is 0, 1 or 2; N is 0 or 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to 2-benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-diones of the formula I where R1, R2 are hydrogen, nitro, halogen, cyano, thiocyanato, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, —OR5, —OCOR6, —OSO2R6, —SH, —S(O)nR7, —SO2OR5, —SO2NR5R8, —NR8SO2R6 or —NR8COR6; R3 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; R4 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, —COR9, —CO2R9, —COSR9 or —CONR8R9; X is oxygen or sulfur; Z is oxygen or NR8; m is 0 or 1; n is 0, 1 or 2; R5 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; R6 is alkyl or haloalkyl; R7 is alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; R8 is hydrogen or alkyl; R9 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl or benzyl; R10 is alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; Q is an unsubstituted or substituted cyclohexane-1,3-dione ring which is linked in the 2-position; where m is 1 if R3 is

Abstract: Nucleophilic oxygen species, such as primary alcohols, carboxylates, and water, are added to vinyl epoxides in a highly regioselective and enantioselective manner, providing a convenient route to enantiomerically enriched 1,2-diols and oxygen-containing heterocycles. The reaction employs a chiral Pd(0) complex and a borane or borate as co-catalysts Also described are similar additions of nitrogen nucleophiles, and the addition of carbonates to vinyl epoxides using a chiral Pd(0) catalyst.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is alkyl; R.sup.2a, R.sup.2b, R.sup.2c and R.sup.2d are the same or different and each is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl or various other organic groups; R.sup.3 is alkyl; R.sup.4 is a group of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII) or (IX): ##STR2## wherein: A.sup.1 is a single bond, alkylene or alkenylene; A.sup.2 is or alkenylene; A.sup.3 is a single bond, alkyleneor alkenylene; R.sup.5a and R.sup.5b are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl or various other groups; R.sup.6 is alkyl or phenyl; R.sup.7 is hydrogen or alkyl; R.sup.8 is alkyl or various other groups; and n is 0 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have valuable inhibitory activity against acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyl transferase.

Abstract: Nucleoside derivatives represented by formula (I); ##STR1## wherein, R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, phosphate or phosphonate group, R.sub.2 represents substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidine or purine base, and Z represents S, SO, SO.sub.2, O or C; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Compound (I) can be obtained by reacting a compound of the formula (II); ##STR2## wherein, R.sub.7 represents hydrogen or hydroxy-protecting group, L represents aromatic or nonaromatic acyl, halide or alkoxy, and Z represents S, SO, SO.sub.2, O or C, with a base.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds that are antagonists of dopamine D4 receptors, and to methods of treating psychosis and schizophrenia using a compound that is an antagonist of dopamine D4 receptors.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is alkyl; R.sup.2a, R.sup.2b, R.sup.2c and R.sup.2d are the same or different and each is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, --(C.dbd.O)--B.sup.1 (wherein B.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl), nitro, --NR.sup.c R.sup.d (wherein R.sup.c is hydrogen or alkyl and Rd is alkyl), hydroxy, protected hydroxy group, alkoxy, cyano, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl or halogen;R.sup.3 is alkyl; R.sup.4 is a group of the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein A.sup.1 is a single bond, alkylene or alkenylene; R.sup.5a and R.sup.5b are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl or --A.sup.4 R.sup.5.sub.c wherein A is a single bond, alkylene or alkenylene and R.sup.5.sub.c is alkoxy; and n is 0, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Such compounds have valuable inhibitory activity against acyl-CoA (cholesterol acyl transferase).

Abstract: Novel derivatives of benzofuran and dihydrobenzofuran are provided which are useful as melatonergic agents.

Abstract: A method for producing an epoxy polyetherpolyol having 15 to 75 wt. % epoxy comprising heating a polyol and catalyst to initiate condensation, removing water, introducing sufficient epoxy into the reaction mixture to give 15 to 75 wt. % epoxy in the product. Generally, between 0.5 and 1.19 moles of water per mole of polyol are removed. In one embodiment at least 95 wt. % of all of the polyol is introduced initially into the reaction zone. In another embodiment the condensation is terminated prior to 93 percent completion. Also provided are novel compositions suitable for drilling fluids, adhesives and coatings.

Abstract: Reduction of the adhesion of polyethercyclicpolyol (PECP) to metals by preparing the PECP by condensing polyol molecules by reactive distillation and replacing part of the polyol with an alcohol of lower hydroxyl content than the polyol.

Abstract: Nonlinear optical compounds which contain a heteroaromatic ring and may further comprise a tricyanovinyl group attached to the heteroaromatic ring.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the growth or replication of viruses of the HIV group is disclosed. Also disclosed are compounds useful in the method and pharmaceutical formulations incorporating such compounds. The method involves the use of compounds having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein the substituent groups are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the recovery of 1,4-dioxanone by melt crystallization from a feed containing impurities capable of initiating the polymerization of 1,4-dioxanone, e.g., diethylene glycol. The processes of the present invention utilize melt crystallization in a cyclic process involving the steps of (i) crystallizing the 1,4-dioxanone out of the feed at a temperature below its melting point and removing a liquid residue containing a higher concentration of impurities, (ii) partially melting the crystallized 1,4-dioxanone to further remove impurities and (iii) thereafter, melting the remaining crystallized 1,4-dioxanone and recovering the melted product. The crystallization process can be repeated as required to achieve the desired purity. The purity of the product obtained is typically 99.5 wt %, 1,4-dioxanone or higher. The purified 1,4-dioxanone is useful, for example, as a monomer in the production of polydioxanone.

Abstract: The current invention discloses novel amidine derivatives with nitric oxide donating property that can inhibit platelet aggregation and promote vasodilation in a single compound.