Abstract: A compound having the formula (I): is disclosed. A method of preparing the compound of formula (I) is also disclosed.

Abstract: A compound having the formula (I): is disclosed. A method of preparing the compound of formula (I) is also disclosed.

Abstract: An energy storage device comprises a capacitor having a dielectric between opposite electrodes and a nonconductive coating between at least one electrode and the dielectric. The nonconductive coating allows for much higher voltages to be employed than in traditional EDLCs, which significantly increases energy stored in the capacitor. Viscosity of the dielectric material may be increased or decreased in a controlled manner, such as in response to an applied external stimulus, to control discharge and storage for extended periods of time.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing of thioesters by using a compound as a catalyst is disclosed. The compound is represented by formula I below: In formula I, R5 represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; X and Y each independently represents one of H, C1-10 alkyl, C5-10 aryl, C1-10 alkyl alcohol, thiohydroxy, carbonyl, sulfonyl, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, C1-10 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-10 alkoxycarbamoyl, C1-10 alkylamino, C1-10 alkylsulfonyl, C1-10 haloalkylsulfonyl, ureido, amido, and C1-10 alkoxylcarbamoyl; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to solid compositions comprising a substance which improves nitric oxide (NO) availability, re. an NO donor or a precursor of the biosynthesis of nitric oxide or an direct or indirect NO agonist, with arginine being a preferred compound, in combination with a dithiolane, with ?-lipoic acid as a preferred compound, and its use for improvement of sexual function. The compositions according to the invention comprise the NO donor or its precursor in excess, based on the molar amount of the constituents. The compositions are also suited for the improvement of sexual function. In particular the present invention relates to the use of a dithiolane in combination with a NO donor or a precursor thereof for the preparation of a medication for treatment of sexual dysfunction.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I; and methods for treating or preventing neurological degenerative disorders, may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, and methods for the treatment of neurological degenerative disorders and neurological diseases may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and as an adjunct treatment for obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea, hypersomnias, like idiopathic hypersomnia, Psychiatric/neurodegenerative disorders, ADHD, Psychiatric/neurodegenerative disorders, Depersonalization disorder, Cognitive enhancement, Fatigue, Post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment and weight loss.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, and methods for the treatment of neurological diseases may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, migraine prophylaxis, eating disorders, bipolar disorder, post-herpetic neuralgia, insomnia, ankylosing spondylitis, recurring biliary dyskinesia, nocturnal enuresis, cyclic vomiting syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and neuropathy.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula I and formula II or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I or formula II, and methods for treating or preventing or modulating moderate to severe pain in a disease may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, and methods for treating or preventing cough may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of acute respiratory tract infections, asthma, gout, fibromyalgia, facilitating conception, promotes secondary mucosal secretions in the respiratory system, muscle relaxant, allergy, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders, spasms, respiratory and neurological diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, and methods for the treatment of respiratory disorders may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of viscid or excessive mucus, cough, inflammation, redness in sore throat, infection in the throat, sore throat, abnormal mucus secretion, impaired mucus transport, allergic rhinitis, asthma, COPD, respiratory muscular disorders and pain in acute sore throat.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to multiple a-lipoic acid-containing hydrophobic compounds (mALAs) capable of acting as scavengers of free radicals, metals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods of synthesizing novel antioxidant mALAs, spontaneous emulsification or nanoprecipitaion thereof to produce antioxidant nanospheres and their use in preventing or treating diseases or conditions caused by oxidative stress and other free radical mediated conditions are also described. Another aspect of this invention is the use of these antioxidant nanospheres for the preparation of antioxidant particulate delivery system of therapeutic agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, and methods for the treatment of Parkinson's disease may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be also used for the treatment of Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Lateral Sclerosis, Neural Motor disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, and methods for the treatment of neurological conditions may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of fibromyalgia, depression, neuropathic pain, severe pain, chronic pain, generalized pain, injury, post-operative pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, migraine, HIV related neuropathic pain, post herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, cancer pain, fibromyalgia and lower back pain.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, and methods for treating or preventing depression may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety, neurological diseases, general anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, vasomotor symptoms, diabetic neuropathy, epilepsy, bipolar disorder, migraine, schizophrenia, cancer, menopause, HIV and familial adenomatous polyposis.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel apocynin-lipoic acid covalent conjugates, compositions comprising these compounds and their use, in particular for the treatment of diseases, disorders or conditions that are mediated by oxidative stress. In particular, the present application includes compounds of Formula (I), and compositions and uses thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I; and methods for treating or preventing muscle pain, a neurological disease, allergy, respiratory diseases or inflammatory disorder may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of muscle disorders, muscle pain, spasticity, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, Parkinson's disease, allergy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic rhinitis, headache, chronic pain, sub-chronic pain and local pain or its associated complications.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula I and formula II or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I or formula II, and methods for treating or preventing or modulating metabolic syndrome may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in various embodiments, to a compound represented by Structural Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, and compositions comprising said compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof. Methods of using compounds of Structural Formulas (I) and (Ia) or compositions comprising compounds of Structural Formulas (I) and (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, to treat ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion injury are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivatives; compositions comprising an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivative; and methods for treating or preventing cancer, a metabolic disorder or neurodegenerative disorder comprising the administration of an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivative.

Abstract: The invention provides for novel cysteine protease inhibitors and compositions comprising novel cysteine protease derivatives. The invention further provides for methods for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases comprising administration novel cysteine protease inhibitors or compositions comprising novel cysteine protease inhibitors. In some embodiments, the cysteine protease inhibitors are calpain inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I), wherein: each X is independently hydrogen or deuterium; and at least one X is deuterium.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compositions of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprises a salt of metformin and the methods for treating or preventing metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of diabetes mellitus, obesity, lipid disorders, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel apocynin-lipoic acid covalent conjugates, compositions comprising these compounds and their use, in particular for the treatment of diseases, disorders or conditions that are mediated by oxidative stress. In particular, the present application includes compounds of Formula (I), and compositions and uses thereof.

Abstract: Cell culture media comprising antioxidants are provided herein as are methods of using the media for cell culturing and polypeptide production from cells. Compositions comprising polypeptides, such as therapeutic polypeptides, produced by the methods herein are also provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a new polymorphic form of R-(+)-?-lipoic acid and a process for the preparation thereof, in addition to the compositions that contain it and its use as a medicine or food supplement.

Abstract: The invention provides mutual ternary salts of metformin, lipoic acid and acidic amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The invention further provides treatment of prediabetes, diabetes, diabetic complications and/or other conditions in mammals in a method that comprises administering an effective amount of one or more of the foregoing compositions to a mammal in need of such treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising a substantially pure compound represented by Structural Formula I: and methods of using such compounds to activate cytoprotective kinases. The values and preferred values of the variables in Structural Formula I are defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in various embodiments, to a compound represented by Structural Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, and compositions comprising said compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof. Methods of using compounds of Structural Formulas (I) and (la) or compositions comprising compounds of Structural Formulas (I) and (la), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, to treat ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion injury are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides mutual ternary salts of metformin, lipoic acid and acidic amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The invention further provides treatment of prediabetes, diabetes, diabetic complications and/or other conditions in mammals in a method that comprises administering an effective amount of one or more of the foregoing compositions to a mammal in need of such treatment.

Abstract: The present invention describes nanoprodrugs of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) and nanoprodrugs of ?-lipoic acid-containing and NSAIDs. These nanoprodrugs have antioxidant properties and stimuli-responsiveness, which can be used to treat various disease conditions.

Abstract: Novel compounds, and in particular to diacylglycerol (1, 3-DAG) and alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and/or dihydro-alpha-lipoic acid (DHLA) derivatives. In particular these novel compounds are used as functional food additives. These may for example be used as nutraceuticals and/or pharmaceuticals in the prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress and other lifestyle-related diseases.

Abstract: Provided are near-infrared silver sulfide quantum dots, a preparation method thereof and a biological application thereof. The silver sulfide quantum dots have hydrophilic groups derived from a mercapto-containing hydrophilic reagent attached on the surface thereof, and the hydrophilic reagent is any one of mercaptoacetic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, cysteine, cysteamine, thioctic acid and ammonium mercaptoacetate or any combination thereof. The silver sulfide quantum dots have high fluorescence yield, good fluorescence stability, good biocompatibility and uniform sizes. The preparation method has moderate reaction conditions, simple operation, short production cycle, good reproducibility and is easy to control. The silver sulfide quantum dots can be used in the application of cellular imaging and biological tissue imaging.

Abstract: Novel compounds, and in particular to diacylglycerol (1,3-DAG) and alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and/or dihydro-alpha-lipoic acid (DHLA) derivatives. In particular these novel compounds are used as functional food additives. These may for example be used as nutraceuticals and/or pharmaceuticals in the prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress and other lifestyle-related diseases.

Abstract: There is provided a compound or the like which can become a material in which many functions are controllable. A first aspect of the present invention lies in an organic semiconductor compound, characterized in that an organic molecule which becomes a donor is formed by being salt-formed with an inorganic acid or an inorganic base and self assembly is accomplished. According to this configuration, there can be obtained an organic semiconductor compound by a simple technique. A second aspect of the present invention lies in an organic compound, characterized in that a compound containing a tetrathiafulvalene affinity region in a framework thereof and having a protic acid functional group is formed by being induced to a salt with ammonia or a salt with hydroxyamine. According to this configuration, there can be obtained an organic compound in which many functions are controllable.

Abstract: The present invention describes nanoprodrugs of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) and nanoprodrugs of ?-lipoic acid-containing and NSAIDs. These nanoprodrugs have antioxidant properties and stimuli-responsiveness, which can be used to treat various disease conditions.

Abstract: A ligand design allows compact nanoparticle materials, such as quantum dots (QDs), with excellent colloidal stability over a wide range of pH and under high salt concentrations. Self-assembled biomolecular conjugates with QDs can be obtained which are stable in biological environments. Energy transfer with these ligands is maximized by minimizing distances between QDs/nanoparticles and donors/acceptors directly attached to the ligands or assembled on their surfaces.

Abstract: A cytotoxic composition in which two moieties are conjugated covalently. A first moiety is a tax moiety, selected from the group consisting of taxanes, taxane derivatives, and or other closely relative compounds. A second moiety is an acid moiety selected from the group consisting of lipoic acid, acetylcysteine, compounds having an acidic group.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for treating metabolic disorders with compounds that are conjugates. The conjugates of the present invention are comprised of salicylic acid, triflusal, diflusinal, salsalate, IMD-0354, ibuprofen, diclofenac, licofelone, or HTB, and one or more antioxidants.

Abstract: The invention relates to new types of modulators of the cold menthol receptor TRPM8, to methods of modulating the TRPM8 receptor using these modulators; and in particular the use of the modulators for inducing a sensation of coldness; and also the articles and compositions produced using these modulators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to piperazine dithioctate, a novel addition salt of thioctic acid with a base and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. The piperazine dithioctate according to the present invention has good thermal and moisture stability and high water-solubility as well as dosage increase lower than other addition salts, thereby being effectively used for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for antioxidation or for preventing or treating diabetic polyneuropathy, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in various embodiments, to a compound represented by Structural Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, and compositions comprising said compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof. Methods of using compounds of Structural Formulas (I) and (la) or compositions comprising compounds of Structural Formulas (I) and (la), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, to treat ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion injury are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to bis-fatty acid conjugates; compositions comprising an effective amount of a bis-fatty acid conjugate; and methods for treating or preventing cancer, a metabolic disease or a neurodegenerative disease comprising the administration of an effective amount of a bis-fatty acid conjugate.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compounds and compositions are provided which are methylenedioxy phenolic compounds and their derivatives, along with methods of making them and methods of using them for therapeutic purposes. The compounds and compositions are advantageous in that they can be used to treat or prevent cardiovascular disease, vascular disease and/or inflammatory disease, as well as Type I and Type II Diabetes and Dyslipidemia patients at risk for hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular and renal disease.

Abstract: Esters of lipoic acid with a glyceride are produced in high yield by lipase catalyzed transesterification. The esters are generally characterized by Formula 1: wherein at least one but no more than two of R1, R2, and R3 are a lipoic acid derivative selected from a lipoate moiety of the formula: or a dihydrolipoate moiety of the formula and the other of the R1, R2, and R3 are independently selected from C4 to C24 fatty acid moieties or OH, with the proviso that at least one of the R1, R2, and R3 is a fatty acid moiety.

Abstract: The invention provides ?-sulfonamide ?-keto esters and amides in which the ?-keto is protected as a 1,3-dithiolane derivative. Also provided are methods for preparing such esters and amides and for incorporating them into peptides.

Abstract: Described herein are routes of synthesis and therapeutic uses of 1-alkyl, 2-acyl glycerol derivatives of formula I: which when administered to mammalian biological systems result in increased cellular concentrations of specific sn-2 substituted ethanolamine plasmalogens independent of the ether lipid synthesis capacity of the system. Elevating levels of the specific sn-2 substituted species in this way can cause lowering of membrane cholesterol levels and the lowering of amyloid secretion. These compounds can be used for the treatment or prevention of diseases of aging associated with increased membrane cholesterol, increased amyloid, and decreased plasmalogen levels, such as neurodegeneration (including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and age-related macular degeneration), cognitive impairment, dementia, cancer (e.g. prostate, lung, breast, ovarian, and kidney cancers), osteoporosis, bipolar disorder and vascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia).

Abstract: Compounds, formulations, and methods are provided containing the choline ester of a reducing agent, especially lipoic acid or derivatives thereof. The compounds may be administered via a topical ocular route to treat or prevent oxidative damage.

Abstract: The invention relates to Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivatives; compositions comprising an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivative; and methods for treating or preventing cancer, a metabolic disorder or neurodegenerative disorder comprising the administration of an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivative.

Abstract: A ligand design allows compact nanoparticle materials, such as quantum dots (QDs), with excellent colloidal stability over a wide range of pH and under high salt concentrations. Self-assembled biomolecular conjugates with QDs can be obtained which are stable in biological environments. Energy transfer with these ligands is maximized by minimizing distances between QDs/nanoparticles and donors/acceptors directly attached to the ligands or assembled on their surfaces.