Abstract: A sulfur-containing unsaturated carboxylate compound comprising a sulfur-containing substituent and at least two &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acid residues, which are each attached to a secondary or tertiary carbon atom via an oxygen atom; a polymerizable composition comprising the sulfur-containing unsaturated carboxylate compound; a cured product prepared by polymerizing the polymerizable composition; an optical component consisting of the cured product; and novel intermediate compounds for preparation of the above carboxylate.

Abstract: In the 2 &THgr; diffractogram of an enantiomerically pure crystalline (R)- or (S)-lipoic acid, the most intense reflection line in the range from 13° to 30° is that at 2 &THgr;=23°.

Abstract: An acrylic ester compound represented by the general formula (1): 1

Abstract: A compound is provided having the formula I: wherein the variables are defined in the specification. Methods of making the compounds, compositions including the compounds and methods of treatment of conditions involving reactive oxygen species are also provided.

Abstract: A new method for producing unsymmetrically substituted fluorenyl compounds, one step of which is the preparation of 2,7-disubstituted fluoren-9-one derivatives via the nucleophilic substitution of a compound of the formula D wherein A′ is selected from the group consisting of —Br, —Cl, —F, —NO2, and —CN; A is selected from the group consisting of —NO2, —CN, —CO2R, —C(O)R, —SO2R, —SO2RF, —C(CN)═C(CN)2 and —CH═C(CN)2; RF is —CpF2p+1, p=from about 0 to about 10; R is an straight, branched or cyclic aliphatic alkyl group having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group such as phenyl or naphthyl; and is a carbonyl or a protected carbonyl such as a ketal or thio-ketal such as wherein R′ is —CrH2r+1; R″ is —(CH2)r—; and r is independently 2 or 3, with a nucleophilic reagent in the presence of an aprotic solvent

Abstract: This invention comprises administering to a human or animal in need of treatment an effective amount of an antioxidant lipoic acid derivative and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof for the treatment or prevention of pathological (inflammatory, proliferative and degenerative diseases, e.g. diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and chronic viral diseases) and non-pathological (e.g. skin aging and wrinkle formation) conditions caused by oxidative damage. Methods of synthesizing novel antioxidant lipoic acid derivatives and their use in preventing or treating diseases or conditions caused by oxidative stress and other free radical mediated conditions are described. Another aspect of this invention is the use of these antioxidant compositions for the protection of skin from damage caused by ultraviolet radiation and dessication, and to provide improved skin feel by desquamating, cleansing and clarifying the skin.

Abstract: The present invention describes methods for synthesizing novel dithiolane derivatives, ligands with high affinity for the nuclear hormone receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&ggr; (PPAR&ggr;) and/or PPAR&agr;. Methods for using these compounds in the treatment of endocrine, skin, cardiovascular, immunological, neurological, neuropsychiatric, neoplastic and chronic viral diseases of various organs, including the eye are described. Methods of treating proliferative and inflammatory diseases, degenerative diseases, and age-related dysregulations, caused by an hereditary (genetic) condition or an environmental insult are also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides new thiazolindinedione derivatives and new arylacetic acid derivatives. These compounds are useful for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, certain endocrine diseases, certain inflammatory diseases, certain neoplastic (malignant) and non-malignant proliferative diseases, certain neuro-psychiatric disorders, certain viral diseases, and diseases associated with these viral infections as discussed herein.

Abstract: Novel thienopyran compounds are disclosed, useful as anti-hypertensive agents and for asthma treatment. One group of the compounds has a heterocyclic ring spiro-connected at the 7-position of the thienopyran ring structure. Use of thienopyran compounds in hair growth modulation is described.

Abstract: Picornaviral 3C protease inhibitors of formula I, obtainable by chemical synthesis, that inhibit or block the biological activity of the picornaviral 3C protease are described. These compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions that contain these compounds, are suitable for treating patients or hosts infected with one or more picornaviruses.

Abstract: This invention relates to the identification of a novel class of therapeutic agents which selectively target and kill tumor cells and certain other types of diseased cells, and to compositions comprising lipoic acid derivatives which poison the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex specifically in such cells. This invention also provides for methods of using therapeutically effective amounts of the lipoic acid derivatives for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The lipoic acid derivatives described herein have a wide range of preventive and therapeutic applications.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I): wherein one of m and n is 0, and the other is 0, 1 or 2; k is 0 or 1 to 12; R1 is hydrogen, a substituent which is an aryl or a heterocyclic, or an optionally substituted alkyl group; A is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group or a group of the formula —N(R2)CO—, —N(R2)CS—, —N(R2)SO2—, —CON(R2)N(R3)CO—, —CON(R2)CO—, —CON(R2)CS—, —CON(R2)SO2—, —O—CO—, —ON(R2)CO—, —ON(R2)SO2—, —O—CON(R2)N(R3)CO—, —O—CON(R2)CO—, —O—CON(R2)SO2—, —CO—O—, —CO—CO—, —CO—CON(R2)N(R3)CO—, —CO—CON(R2)CO—, —CO—CON(R2)SO2—, —N(R2)O—, —N(R2)COCO—, —N(R2)N(R3)CO—, —N(R2)N(R3)SO2—, —N(R2)CON(R3)N(R4)CO—, —N(R2)CON(R3)CO—, —N(R2)CON(R3)SO2&mdas

Abstract: This invention is in the fields of pharmacology and biochemistry. It relates to processes for the synthesis of certain complexes of &agr;-lipoic acid and the nutritional or therapeutic use of these and other related individual or complexed antioxidant, proglutathione molecules. Therapeutic uses for these molecules and complexes in the clinical management of conditions and functions associated with chronic glaucoma, insulin resistance, macular degeneration, lenticular cataract, neurodegenerative diseases, essential hypertension, atherosclerosis and vasoconstriction are described in particular.

Abstract: Organosulfur compounds can be used in complexes with carotenoids for effecting a bathochromic shift in the absorption bands of carotenoids in the UV/vis spectrum. Carotenoid formulations comprising these complexes, a process for preparing these formulations and their use in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical sectors are described.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel sulfenate esters and thiosulfinate esters that induce the expression of metabolic enzymes, particularly Phase II enzymes such as glutathione-s-transferase, DT-diaphorase and Ferritin H when administered to a subject. Also disclosed, such compounds are effective to displace a zinc ion from retroviral zinc finger nucleocapsid proteins effective to inhibit HIV replication. The present invention is further directed to novel methods of making these compounds, and any compounds produced by the process of making these novel compounds.

Abstract: A compound is provided having the formula I: as defined in the specification. Methods of making the compounds, compositions including the compounds and methods of treatment of conditions involving reactive oxygen species are also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides new thiazolindinedione derivatives and new arylacetic acid derivatives. These compounds are useful for the treatment of certain cardiovascular certain diseases, certain endocrine diseases, certain inflammatory diseases, certain neoplastic (malignant) and non-malignant proliferative diseases, certain neuro-psychiatric disorders, certain viral diseases, and diseases associated with these viral infections as discussed herein.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of lipolic acid (thioctic acid), or a derivative thereof, is one in which a 2-substituted cyclohexanone is transformed in an oxidation reaction to a lactone having formula (I), wherein X is a heteroatom substituent.

Abstract: A compound is provided having the formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently denote a methylene, ethylene or unbranched or branched C.sub.3-16 alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl or amine groups, wherein in the unbranched or branched C.sub.3-16 alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene group an internal alkylene carbon atom in the carbon backbone thereof can be replaced by an oxygen atom,R.sup.3 and R.sup.4(i) independently denote(a) hydrogen,(b) a methyl, ethyl, vinyl or unbranched or branched C.sub.3-16 alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl or amine groups, wherein in said unbranched or branched C.sub.

Abstract: The inventive Langmuir-Blodgett film is made of an amphiphilic organic carboxylic acid, such as a long chain fatty acid, and a tetrathiafulvalene derivative having no long chain alkyl group. For example, the long chain fatty acid comprises behenic acid, and the tetrathiafulvalene derivative comprises 4,5-ethylenedioxy-4',5'-ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene or bis-ethylenedioxy-tetrathiafulvalene. Such Langmuir-Blodgett film comprises uniform and well-ordered layered structure, may be readily produced and may exhibit a high electrical conductivity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions including a saturated 1,2-dithiaheterocyclic compound having antiviral activity. The present invention also provides a kit containing the pharmaceutical composition and methods of treating or preventing viral disease using the composition, as well as methods for inactivating retrovirus in a body fluid.

Abstract: Isocyanato compounds with capped, isocyanate-reactive groups are those of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.10 -aralkyl or together form C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -alkanediyl,X and Y are --O--, --S-- or ##STR2## where R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl which is uninterrupted or interrupted by oxygen atoms in ether function, or is C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.10 -aralkyl,R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkanediyl which together with --X--CR.sup.1 R.sup.2 --Y-- forms a 4-7-membered ring,in which either one hydrogen in R.sup.3 or the radical R.sup.4 in ##STR3## is replaced by an allophanate group R.sup.Ia ##STR4## in which R.sup.5 is a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, araliphatic or aromatic C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 hydrocarbon unit,R.sup.6 is a single bond or a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, araliphatic or aromatic C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 hydrocarbon unit or a mono- or poly(C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: Picornaviral 3C protease inhibitors, obtainable by chemical synthesis, inhibit or block the biological activity of the picornaviral 3C protease. These compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions that contain these compounds, are suitable for treating patients or hosts infected with one or more picornaviruses.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein one of m and n represents 0, and the other represents 0, 1 or 2; k represents 0 or 1 to 12; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, an aryl, a heterocyclic, an alkyl, a hydroxy or --OR.sup.7, wherein R.sup.7 is an alkyl, an alkenyl or an aralkyl; A is --CON(R.sup.2)SO.sub.2--, wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen, an alkyl or an aralkyl; B is a single bond; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds have the ability to enhance the activity of glutathione reductase and can therefore be used for the treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases including cataracts.

Abstract: The invention is relative to a thioctic acid with a predominant amount of an enantiomer and a novel modification, in the case of which the X-ray powder diffractograms show a characteristic reflex in the range of 23.4 to 22.7.degree. 2 theta(Cu) which shifts in the direction of the smaller angular values as the enantiomer content increases.

Abstract: Disclosed are dithiolylidene acetamide derivatives represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or salts thereof; and pharmaceuticals containing them as effective ingredients. The dithiolylidene acetamide derivatives and their salts show AGE formation inhibitory action and are useful as preventives and therapeutics for diabetic complications.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds with antioxidant activity effective in treating free radical mediated diseases.

Abstract: Pyrazol-4-ylbenzoyl compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where Z is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated radical, Q is a pyrazole ring and L and M are as defined in the specification, their use as herbicidal compounds and to processes for preparing the compounds.

Abstract: Herbicidally active phenyldiketone compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which the substituents have the following meanings: L and M are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkynyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, it being possible for these groups to be unsubstituted or substituted by one to five halogen atoms or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, or halogen, cyano, nitro, a group --(Y).sub.n --S(O).sub.m R.sup.7 or a group --(Y).sub.n --CO--R.sup.8,Z is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated radical which has one to three hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen and which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, cyano, nitro, a group --CO--R.sup.8, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkylthio, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Bridged bicyclic aromatic compounds are provided having the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and n are as defined herein. The novel compounds are useful for modulating gene expression of retinoic acid receptors, vitamin D receptors and thyroid receptors. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for modulating gene expression are provided as well.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new 3-aryl-4-hydroxy-.DELTA..sup.3 -dihydrofuranone derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which A and B together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form an unsubstituted or substituted 5- to 7-membered ring which is interrupted by at least one hetero atom,X represents alkyl, halogen or alkoxy,Y represents hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, alkoxy or halogenoalkyl,Z represents alkyl, halogen or alkoxy,n represents a number 0, 1, 2 or 3,G represents hydrogen (a) or one of the groups ##STR2## E represents a metal Ion equivalent or an ammonium ion, L represents oxygen or sulphur,M represents oxygen or sulphur andR.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 have the meanings given in the description, to processes for their preparation, and to their use as pesticides.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of screening a substance for the ability to effect the formation of a retinoid X receptor homodimer comprising combining the substance and a solution containing retinoid X receptors and determining the presence of homodimer formation. Also provided is a method of screening a substance for an effect on a retinoid X receptor homodimer's ability to bind DNA comprising combining the substance with the homodimer and determining the effect of the compound on the homodimer's ability to bind DNA. A method of inhibiting an activity of a retinoid X receptor heterodimer comprising increasing the formation of a retinoid X receptor homodimer, thereby preventing the retinoid X receptor from forming a heterodimer and preventing the resulting heterodimer activity is also provided. A method of inhibiting an activity of a retinoid X receptor homodimer is also provided.

Abstract: A tetrathiafulvalene derivative precursor represented by formula (1), a tetrathiafulvalene derivative represented by formula (6), and processes for producing the tetrathiafulvalene derivative precursor and the tetrathiafulvalene derivative: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and represent organic groups that may be linked together to form a ring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel substituted bicyclic 2-mesityl-cyclopentane-1,3-dione derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which A and Q together represent alkanediyl or alkenediyl, which is in each case optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxyl, mercapto or in each case optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, cycloalkyl, benzyloxy or aryl, and which furthermore optionally contains one of the following groups ##STR2## or is bridged by an alkanediyl group andB, B' and G have the meaning given in the description,process for their preparation and their use as agents for controlling pests, and herbicides.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production and purification of salts of 6,8-bis(amidiniumthio) octanoic acid, its enantiomers (+)-6,8-bis(amidiniumthio)octanoic acid and (-)-6,8-bis (amidiniumthio)octanoic acid and of the esters of these compounds as well as to their use to produce dihydrolipoic acid and .alpha.-lipoic acid.

Abstract: In one-component and two-component polyurethane coating compositions comprising at least one reactive component capable of reacting with polyisocyanates, the reactive component is a compound A) containing an isocyanate group, a urethane, thiourethane or urea group and two capped isocyanate-reactive groups.

Abstract: 1. A method of producing flowable R,S-thioctic acid, R,S-thioctic acid and its use.2.1. Known methods of preparing flowable thioctic acid which can be galenically further processed by pressing to highly-concentrated, solid presentations with active-substance contents of more than 200 mg pure substance require the mixing of the thioctic-acid forms of different origins and/or a spraying on of galenic adjuvants from aqueous solution and a subsequent grinding process in order to arrive at a pressable granulate.2.2.

Abstract: A novel compound useful as a precious metal adhesive component is provided which can exhibit high and durable adhesivity with precious metals, such as gold, silver, platinum, and palladium, and alloys thereof. The compound is a (meth)acrylic ester derivative having a disulfide cyclic group which is represented by the general formula ?I!: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sub.2 represents a C1-C14 alkylene group which may have a substituent.

Abstract: Neolignan derivative compounds of the 2,4-diaryl-1,3-dithiolane and futoenone variety exhibit both PAF and 5-lipoxygenase antagonist activity.

Abstract: Method for the conversion of the enantiomers of .alpha.-lipoic acid into the corresponding racemic mixture by racemizing the .alpha.-lipoic acid (pure optical isomers of .alpha.-lipoic acid or mixtures of optical isomers of .alpha.-lipoic acid wherein one of the optical isomers is present in excess) at temperatures of between 110.degree. C. and 200.degree. C. at pressures of from normal pressure up to 50 bar for a reaction time of 10 to 48 hours.

Abstract: Cyclohexenone oxime ethers of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl,A is unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.3 -, C.sub.5 - or C.sub.6 -alkylene or C.sub.3 -, C.sub.5 - or C.sub.6 -alkenylene,X is NO.sub.2, CN, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, phenoxy, alkylthio, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, unsubstituted or substituted benzyloxycarbonyl and/or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl,n is 0-3 or 1-5 where X is halogen,R.sup.

Abstract: Cyclohexenone compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 or 4 carbon atoms, haloalkenyl of 3 or 4 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 halogen substituents, or is thenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halo and/or alkyl, R.sup.2 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3 is formyl, a radical of the general formula R.sup.4 XCHXR.sup.5, where X is oxygen or sulfur, and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different alkyl, or together denote alkylene of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and which is unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, hydroxy, halogen, cyano or N,N-dialkylamino, have a good herbicidal action preferably on species from the grass family.

Abstract: (6S)-6,8-Dihydroxyoctanoic esters I ##STR1## (R.sup.1 =alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl), are prepared by reducing a (3S)-3-hydroxyoctanedioic diester II ##STR2## (R.sup.2 =an R.sup.1 radical group) with a complex hydride and are mainly used as intermediates for synthesizing compounds of the type of liponic acid.

Abstract: 2,4-Diaryl-1,3-dithiolanes; 2,4-diaryl-1,3-dioxolanes; 2,4-diaryl-1,3-oxathiolanes; and 2,5-diaryl-1,3-oxathiolanes are disclosed that reduce the chemotaxis and respiratory burst leading to the formation of damaging oxygen radicals of polymorphonuclear leukocytes during an inflammatory or immune response. The compounds exhibit this biological activity by acting as PAF receptor antagonists, by inhibiting the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, or by exhibiting dual activity, i.e., by acting as both a PAF receptor antagonist and inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase.A method to treat disorders mediated by PAF or leukotrienes is also disclosed, that includes administering an effective amount of one or more of the above-identified compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: Nonlinear optical compounds having structures with delocalized resonance configurations corresponding to: ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are independently selected from electron withdrawing moieties; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from aromatic rings, heteroaromatic rings and fused ring systems consisting of two or three aromatic or heteroaromatic rings; n and m are integers from one to five, and D.sub.1 and D.sub.2 are independently selected from hydrogen, electron donating groups and polymer attachment groups, with the proviso that at least one of D.sub.1 and D.sub.2 is an electron donating group. Polymers blended with, cured with, or having pendant side chains of the disclosed nonlinear optical materials and exhibiting second order nonlinear optical properties are also disclosed.

Abstract: Lipid-selective antioxidants of the formula I(A).sub.a (L)(X).sub.a, (I),in whichA=an antioxidative component,L=a bridging member,X=a lipophilic componenta and a'=independently of one another the numbers 1 or 2.The compounds are used for the protection of lipid-containing substances against oxidation and in pharmaceuticals for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases in which bioradicals are involved, in particular of coronary, circulatory and vascular diseases.

Abstract: A process for preparing R/S-.gamma.-lipoic acid of the formula I or R/S-.alpha.-lipoic acid of the formula II ##STR1## is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cyclic sulfide compound represented by a general formula (I) ##STR1## (where R.sup.1 represents --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --O--, or --CH.sub.2 --S--). According to this invention, a novel cyclic sulfide compound which gives high refractive index and high Abbe number can be obtained. The polymerizable compositions for manufacturing optical products with this compound as their main component can be readily molded into plastic lenses which give superhigh refractive indices and high Abbe numbers or those which give high refractive indices and high Abbe number with low sp.grs. in addition thereto. The castings obtained from said polymerizable compositions are useful as plastic lenses for glasses, manifesting optical uniformity and being excellent in processability, transparency, and thermal, impact and light resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing compounds of the formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 is a purine or pyrimidine base or an analogue or derivative thereof; and Z is S, S.dbd.O or SO.sub.2. The invention also relates to intermediates of use in the preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: RS-thioctic acid with a novel morphology which is obtained by a recrystallization process.