Abstract: A room temperature or low temperature curable epoxy formulation including a) an epoxy component including at least one epoxy resin and b) a hardener component including at least one compound of formula (I) wherein X is a divalent hydrocarbon group, which optionally contains one or more heteroatoms, and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0 or 1, and/or at least one epoxy-amine adduct, which is a reaction product of the compound of formula (I) and an epoxy compound selected from at least one of a monoepoxide and a polyepoxide, as a curing agent. The compounds of formula (I) and the epoxy-amine adduct are suitable as curing agents for epoxy formulations which provide good surface properties and good cure speed, even at low temperature curing. In particular, amine blushing can be avoided or reduced to a large extent, when these curing agents are used.

Abstract: Curable composition comprising at least one epoxy resin and at least one curing agent selected from derivatives of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Curable dispersion, curable prepolymer composition and process for manufacturing it. Process for the manufacture of an epoxy thermoset, epoxy thermoset and method for adhering at least two substrates.

Abstract: There is provided a diepoxy compound that can be polymerized to form a cured product having thermal stability that has excellent heat resistance, and can maintain excellent mechanical properties even if exposed to a high temperature environment. The saturated diepoxy compound of the present invention is represented by the following formula (1) and can be produced by hydrogenating the unsaturated bond of an unsaturated diepoxy compound represented by the following formula (2). In the following formulas, R1 to R20 are each an independent group and identically or differently represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group.

Abstract: Provided are: a novel triepoxy compound capable of forming, through polymerization, a cured article having excellent heat resistance; a production method thereof; a curable composition including the triepoxy compound; and a cured article obtained by curing the curable composition. The triepoxy compound according to the present invention is represented by Formula (1). The triepoxy compound represented by Formula (1) may be obtained typically by oxidizing a compound represented by Formula (2) with an oxidizing agent. In Formulae (1) and (2), R1 to R2° are the same as or different from one another and each represent hydrogen atom, methyl group, or ethyl group.

Abstract: An optically active compound having a polymerizable group which is represented by formula (1) or (2). P1-Q1-(A1-Z1)m—X1—(Z1-A1)m-Q1-P2??(1) P1-Q1-(A1-Z1)m—X2??(2) For example, A1 is independently divalent group having ring; Z1 is independently bonding group; m is independently an integer from 1 to 5; Q1 is independently alkylene having 1 to 20 carbons; X1 is a divalent group having chirality; X2 is a monovalent group having chirality, and P1 and P2 are polymerizable groups; and concerns a polymerizable liquid crystal composition, a polymer, an optical device and an article.

Abstract: Disclosed are photo sensitizers that include a polyol moiety covalently bonded to a fused aromatic moiety. Also disclosed is a method for improving UV laser ablation performance of a coating, such as a cationic UV curable coating, by incorporating an oxalyl-containing additive into the cationic UV curable or other coating. Oxalyl-containing sensitizers having the formula Q-O—C(O)—C(O)—O—R1 wherein Q represents a fused aromatic moiety and R1 is an alkyl or aryl group, are also disclosed, as are oxalyl-containing oxetane resins, oxalyl-containing polyester polyols, and cationic UV curable coating formulations that include oxalyl-containing additives.

Abstract: The main aim of the invention is to provide a polymerizable compound that is excellent in the stability of a liquid crystal phase, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition, and an anisotropic polymer in which the optical anisotropy can be adjusted and a uniform orientation is excellent. An anisotropic polymer having a uniform orientation formed by polymerization of a paint film that was prepared by application of a polymerizable liquid crystal composition including a compound represented by formula (1) having a benzyl ester moiety in the minor axis direction of the molecule to a supporting substrate; wherein at least one of Ra is a polymerizable group, A is a divalent cyclic-structure group, B is phenyl that may have a substituent, Y and Z are a single bond or alkylene, and m and n are an integer from 0 to 5.

Abstract: A polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by formula (1): wherein Al and A2 are each a cyclic-structure group; Z1 is a bonding group; m is an integer from 0 to 5; P1 is a polymerizable group represented by formula (2-1); Q1 is alkylene having 1 to 20 carbons; P2 is a polymerizable group represented by any one of formula (2-1) to formula (2-4), hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, —CN, —CF3, —OCF3, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons or alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbons; Q2 is a group defined in Q1 when P2 is a polymerizable group and, and Q2 is a single bond when P2 is not a polymerizable group; and in formula (2-2) to formula (2-4), Ra is hydrogen, halogen or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons.

Abstract: Embodiments in accordance with the present invention provide alicyclic diepoxide compounds and methods for forming such compounds. Such methods encompass charging a reaction vessel with an appropriate diene and an appropriate dienophile and causing such to react to form and recover a desired alicyclic diepoxide precursor where such precursor is subsequently epoxidized. Such compounds encompass alicyclic diepoxides having purities of at least 95 percent or at least 98 percent with respect non-isomeric residues and are essentially free of any isomeric alicyclic diepoxide residues.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a process to convert xanthophyll esters derived from Capsicum sources to their free (non-esterified) forms. The present invention is concerned with a process for obtaining Capsicum derived xanthophylls that meet the finished product needs for purity, yield, ease of use, industrial compatibility and cost that are required to make product suitable for the nutritional supplement, food and beverage industries. The present invention is concerned with a process which yields from 60 to 80%, of xanthophyll materials and nearly quantitative recovery of all input xanthophylls, which xanthophylls are of high purity. The present invention concerns a method to obtain xanthophyll esters present almost exclusively in the trans form when isolated from the natural plant sources. The present invention concerns a process to re-convert cis product back to the more desired trans form.

Abstract: Disclosed are photosensitizers that include a polyol moiety covalently bonded to a fused aromatic moiety. Also disclosed is a method for improving UV laser ablation performance of a coating, such as a cationic UV curable coating, by incorporating an oxalyl-containing additive into the cationic UV curable or other coating. Oxalyl-containing sensitizers having the formula Q-O—C(O)—C(O)—O—R1, wherein Q represents a fused aromatic moiety and R1 is an alkyl or aryl group, are also disclosed, as are oxalyl-containing oxetane resins, oxalyl-containing polyester polyols, and cationic UV curable coating formulations that include oxalyl-containing additives.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a process to convert xanthophyll esters derived from Capsicum sources to their free (non-esterified) forms. The present invention is concerned with a process for obtaining Capsicum derived xanthophylls that meet the finished product needs for purity, yield, ease of use, industrial compatibility and cost that are required to make product suitable for the nutritional supplement, food and beverage industries. The present invention is concerned with a process which yields from 60 to 80%, of xanthophyll materials and nearly quantitative recovery of all input xanthophylls, which xanthophylls are of high purity. The present invention concerns a method to obtain xanthophyll esters present almost exclusively in the trans form when isolated from the natural plant sources. The present invention concerns a process to re-convert cis product back to the more desired trans form.

Abstract: Disclosed are coating formulations that include a copolyester and a vinyl ether in which the copolyester is produced by copolymerizing a monomer composition that includes a fused aromatic diacid monomer, an unsaturated diacid monomer, and a polyol. Also disclosed are methods for producing a laser-ablatable film on a surface of a substrate. The method includes coating the substrate with a coating formulation that includes a copolyester and a vinyl ether and polymerizing the coating formulation. The copolyester includes a fused aromatic moiety covalently bonded therein. Novel radiation curable sensitizers that can be used in the preparation of radiation curable polymer films having improved laser ablation properties are also described.

Abstract: The main aim of the invention is to provide a polymerizable compound that is excellent in the stability of a liquid crystal phase, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition, and an anisotropic polymer in which the optical anisotropy can be adjusted and a uniform orientation is excellent. An anisotropic polymer having a uniform orientation formed by polymerization of a paint film that was prepared by application of a polymerizable liquid crystal composition including a compound represented by formula (1) having a benzyl ester moiety in the minor axis direction of the molecule to a supporting substrate; wherein at least one of Ra is a polymerizable group, A is a divalent cyclic-structure group, B is phenyl that may have a substituent, Y and Z are a single bond or alkylene, and m and n are an integer from 0 to 5.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alicyclic diepoxy compound which gives a cured article suffering from no deterioration in properties even when used in hot and humid surroundings or used under such conditions as to give a strong acid, which is highly reactive upon curing, and which gives a cured article superior typically in thermal stability. Specifically, the alicyclic diepoxy compound includes a 3,4,3?,4?-diepoxybicyclohexyl compound represented by following Formula (1): wherein R1 to R18 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group which may have an oxygen atom or a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, in which the alicyclic diepoxy compound contains isomers of the 3,4,3?,4?-diepoxybicyclohexyl compound in a content of less than 20% based on the total of the 3,4,3?,4?-diepoxybicyclohexyl compound and the isomers thereof in terms of peak area ratio as determined by gas chromatography.

Abstract: A high-purity cycloaliphatic diepoxy compound of General Formula (II) is an epoxidized product of a cycloaliphatic diolefinic compound of General Formula (I) having an isomer content as detected in gas chromatography (GC) of 15% or less: wherein X represents a bivalent group selected from the group consisting of, for example, O, S, —SO—, —SO2—, —CH2—, and —C(CH3)2—; and R1 to R18 may be the same as or different from each other and each represent hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group which may contain oxygen atom or a halogen atom, or an alkoxy group which may be substituted. Such a high-purity cycloaliphatic diepoxy compound is prepared by producing the cycloaliphatic diolefinic compound through distillation, epoxidizing the compound with an aliphatic percarboxylic acid containing substantially no water, carrying out desolvation, and further purifying the epoxidized compound through distillation.

Abstract: Embodiments in accordance with the present invention provide alicyclic diepoxide compounds and methods for forming such compounds. Such methods encompass charging a reaction vessel with an appropriate diene and an appropriate dienophile and causing such to react to form and recover a desired alicyclic diepoxide precursor where such precursor is subsequently epoxidized. Such compounds encompass alicyclic diepoxides having purities of at least 95 percent or at least 98 percent with respect non-isomeric residues and are essentially free of any isomeric alicyclic diepoxide residues.

Abstract: Is disclosed a cycloaliphatic polyepoxy compound represented by following Formula (1): wherein Y represents a linkage group or a single bond; and HAs each represent hydrogen atom at the junction between cyclohexane ring and oxirane ring, and the cyclohexane rings may each further have one or more substituents in addition to the groups shown in the formula. The cycloaliphatic polyepoxy compound contains stereoisomers in such proportions as to have a ratio A/B of 1.8 or more, wherein “A” and “B” are integrated intensities of signals of protons at the junction between cyclohexane ring and oxirane ring as determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the compound, in which “A” represents the integrated intensity of a signal observed at a lower magnetic field, and “B” represents the integrated intensity of a signal observed at a higher magnetic field.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing an epoxytriazole derivative represented by formula (2): (wherein R and Ar are defined below), which comprises a step including a reaction of an epoxy derivative represented by formula (1?): (wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or C1-12 alkyl group and Ar represents an aromatic group optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s) or trifluoromethyl group(s), and X? represents a hydroxy group or leaving group), with 1,2,4-triazole in the presence of a base and water.

Abstract: An active ray curable composition comprising a compound represented by Formula (X):

Abstract: A surface-treating agent for forming a resist pattern, includes: a compound represented by formula (1) as defined in the specification, wherein the surface-treating agent is used in a step between a formation of a first resist pattern on a first resist film and a formation of a second resist film on the first resist pattern to form a second resist pattern, and a pattern-forming method uses the surface-treating agent.

Abstract: This invention provides an actinic ray curable composition, which exhibits excellent storage stability, low viscosity, high sensitivity and can form cured film having high hardness and superior weather-proofing under various environments particularly even under a high humidity atmosphere, and actinic ray curable ink utilizing the same, an image forming method utilizing said actinic ray curable ink as ink-jet ink, an ink-jet recording apparatus and a new epoxy compound. An actinic ray curable composition of this invention is characterized by containing at least one type of an epoxy compound represented by following Formula (X) and at least one type of an oxetane compound as a photo polymerizable compound and having a viscosity at 25° C. of 1-500 mPa·s.

Abstract: Disclosed is a holographic recording medium. The novel holographic recording mediums disclosed herein comprises: a) at least one polyfunctional epoxide monomer or oligomer which undergoes acid initiated cationic polymerization. Each epoxide in the monomer or oligomer is linked by group comprising a siloxane to a silicon atom and each monomer or oligomer has an epoxy equivalent weight of greater than about 300 grams/mole epoxide; b) a binder which is capable of supporting cationic polymerization; c) an acid generator capable of producing an acid upon exposure to actinic radiation; and optionally d) a sensitizer.

Abstract: The invention relates to the process for the preparation of liquid reaction products of cycloaliphatic epoxides with mono- or multifunctional hydroxy compounds. The process comprises reacting a polyfunctional cycloaliphatic epoxy resin with a mono- or multifunctional hydroxy compound in the presence of a heterogeneous surface-active catalyst. The invention also relates to curable compositions containing the product obtained by the process.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof. When cured, thermosets comprising invention gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof have thermally and/or chemically labile gem-diester groups interspersed throughout the crosslinked network. Thus, thermosets based on invention gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof can be easily reworked thermally or chemically by treatment with dilute acidic or basic solutions. Further provided by the present invention are adhesive compositions comprising invention gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof.

Abstract: A no-flow reworkable epoxy underfill is provided for use in an electronic packaged system which incorporates an integrated circuit, an organic printed wire board, and at least one eutectic solder joint formed therebetween. An exemplary embodiment of the encapsulant includes: a cycloaliphatic epoxide; an organic hardener; a curing accelerator; and a fluxing agent wherein said cycloaliphatic epoxide includes a carbonate or carbamate group. The encapsulant can also include a filler, such as a silica filler. A method is also provided for forming the aforementioned reworkable epoxy underfills.

Abstract: A reworkable epoxy underfill is provided for use in an electronic packaged system which incorporates an integrated circuit, an organic printed wire board, and at least one eutectic solder joint formed therebetween. An exemplary embodiment of the encapsulant includes: a cycloaliphatic epoxide; an organic hardener; and a curing accelerator; wherein said cycloaliphatic epoxide includes a carbonate or carbamate group. The encapsulant can also include a filler, such as a silica filler. A method is also provided for forming the aforementioned reworkable epoxy underfills.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there are provided cycloaliphatic epoxy compounds and thermosetting resin compositions prepared therefrom. Inventive compounds are based on polycyclic hydrocarbon backbones, as illustrated by the following exemplary structure: wherein: each R is independently lower alkyl or halogen, n′″ is 1 up to about 8, and each x is independently 0, 1, or 2. Inventive compounds provide resins with desirable characteristics such as, for example, hydrophobicity, high Tg values, ionic purity, hydrolytic stability, and the like.

Abstract: Continuous processes for converting cycloalkenes into ozonides in which ozone is reacted with a cycloalkene to form an ozonide solution. A portion of the solution is recycled back to the reaction, and additional cycloalkene is provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to polymerizable dental compositions containing a) 3 to 80 wt. % of cycloaliphatic epoxides; b) 0 to 80 wt. % of an epoxide or a mixture of epoxides which are different from a); c) 3 to 85 wt. % of a filer material; d) 0.01 to 25 wt. % of initiators, inhibitors and/or accelerators; e) 0 to 25 wt. % of auxiliary agents, the individual percentages of which are in relation to the total weight. The new polymerizable agents are particularly suited as dental material.

Abstract: Halogen-free epoxy resins that arise from the addition of an epoxy component to a phenol component with base catalysis are disclosed, whereby the molar mass can be adjusted by means of the molar ratios of the initial materials. The resulting resins can be used in the field of electronics, both as molding compounds and as circuit board materials and adhesives.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein X is selected from O, (CH.sub.2).sub.m O, S, (CH.sub.2).sub.m S, NH, (CH.sub.2).sub.m NH, COO.sup.-, (CH.sub.2).sub.m COO.sup.-, .sup.- OOC and .sup.- OOC (CH.sub.2).sub.m ;m is 1 to 6;n is 1 to 100;R.sub.1 is selected from H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.20) alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.20) alkoxy and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.20) ester; andA is a saturated organic linking group selected from residues of polyol, polythiol, polyamine, and polyacid, are prepared by reacting compounds according to formula II ##STR2## with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of (a) tungstic acid or its metal salts, (b) phosphoric acid or its metal salts, and (c) at least one phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formulas ##STR1## which are useful as monomers in photopolymerizable compositions. Also disclosed are methods of polymerizing these monomers, and polymers produced thereby.

Abstract: Compounds containing two cyclic hydrocarbon moieties which are substituted to provide crosslinking functionality and which are linked to each other by secondary or tertiary oxycarbonyl containing moiety are basis for compositions which are cured to provide cured thermosets for encapsulation and underfill for electronic components that are thermally decomposable to allow repair, replacement, recovery or recycling of operative electronic components from assemblies that are inoperative.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein X is selected from O, (CH.sub.2).sub.m O, S, (CH.sub.2).sub.m S, NH, (CH.sub.2).sub.m NH, COO.sup.-, (CH.sub.2).sub.m COO.sup.-, .sup.- OOC and .sup.- OOC (CH.sub.2).sub.m ;m is 1 to 6;n is 1 to 100;R.sub.1 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.20) ester; andA is a saturated organic linking group selected from residues of polyol, polythiol, polyamine, and polyacid, are prepared by reacting compounds according to formula II ##STR2## with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of (a) tungstic acid or its metal salts, (b) phosphoric acid or its metal salts, and (c) at least one phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: Epoxy resins containing rodlike mesogenic moieties are prepared from phenolic hydroxyl containing compounds which contain such moieties.

Abstract: A compound of Formula (1): ##STR1## wherein: X is E--(L.sup.4 O).sub.m --CO--(T).sub.p ;Y is --Si(R.sup.1).sub.3 or X as defined above;T is O, CH.sub.2 or NR.sup.2 ;P is 0 or 1;q is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;E comprises an alicyclic or aliphatic epoxy group;each L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3 and L.sup.4 independently is an unsubstituted or substituted alkylene group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms wherein any substitution is selected from methyl, amino, ester, hydroxy and ester groups;m is 0 or 1;each R.sup.1 when Y is --Si(R.sup.1).sub.3 is independently unsubstituted alkyl or substituted alkoxy provided that at least one R.sup.1 is unsubstituted alkoxy; andeach R.sup.2 independently is H, --L.sup.1 X unsubstituted or substituted alkyl wherein any substitution is selected from poly(oxyalkylene), epoxy and hydrolyzable silyl groups, or --CONH(C.sub.1-20 -alkyl). The compounds are useful in coating compositions and films and coatings formed therefrom.

Abstract: Fluorine-modified thermosetting reins are available as phenolic or epoxy resins having trifluoromethyl groups and a naphthalene skeleton in a molecule. They are useful as components of resin compositions or resin modifiers and cure to products having low water pickup, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and adhesion as well as heat resistance and mechanical strength. Thermosetting resin compositions having such a thermosetting resin blended therein are useful in semiconductor element packaging.

Abstract: A composition comprising a lactone-modified alicyclic compound (I), or an epoxidized lactone-modified alicyclic compound (II) of the following formulae: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group, an aromatic group or an alkenyl group having carbon number of from 1 to 30, Y.sup.1 is at least one of the structural groups; ##STR2## Y.sup.2 is at least one of the structural group; ##STR3## X is the structural group; ##STR4## R.sup.4 and R.sup.b each independently is hydrogen or a methyl group, c and c' represent a number of from 4 to 8, from n1 to nL represents 0 or a number of more than 0, respectively, and n1+n2+n3+. . . +nL corresponds to the total mole numbers of a lactone introduced into one molecule.These compositions can be made into a heat-curable composition, a photo-curable composition, a polymerizable composition and another photo-curable composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to naphthol-based epoxy resins of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which A is a naphthalene nucleus, R is hydrogen or methyl, and n is an integer from 0 to 15, naphthol aralkyl resins which are intermediates for said epoxy resins, a process for the preparation of said naphthol aralkyl resins, and epoxy resin compositions containing said naphthol-based epoxy resins which are highly heat- and moisture-resistant, possess excellent impact strength and other mechanical properties, and are useful for such applications as lamination, molding, casting, and adhesion.

Abstract: Compounds containing (a) a fluoroaliphaticsulfonamido moiety, and (b) a moiety containing (1) at least two oxirane groups, (2) at least two non-terminal N-.beta.-hydroxyalkylene groups, or (3) at least one oxirane group and at least one non-terminal N-.beta.-hydroxyalkylene group. The compound is capable of being cured with a curing agent to give a cured product having excellent water resistance and oil resistance.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an electrically conductive polyene, wherein a polyene which contains one or more chain members of the formula where R is hydrogen or methyl, and which contains a total of not less than seven aliphatic double bonds, is treated, in the absence of moisture and of oxygen, with a strong Lewis acid having a pk.sub.a of from -10 to +4, or with an alkali metal.