Abstract: According to the present invention, a composition for an optical material can be provided, which is characterized by containing an episulfide compound having a value of turbidity in acetone of 3.0 ppm or less. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a composition for an optical material can be provided, which comprises: (a) a compound (an episulfide compound) which has a structure represented by formula (1) and has a value of turbidity in acetone of 3.0 ppm or less; (b) a polyisocyanate compound; and (c) a polythiol compound. (In the formula, m represents an integer of 0 to 4; and n represents an integer of 0 or 1.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an episulfide compound, the method including a step of thiating epoxy groups of (B) an epoxy compound by a reaction with (C) a thiating agent in the presence of (A) a polyhydric hydroxyl compound having two or more hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a sulfur-containing epoxy compound producing no scum-like insoluble matter. According to the present invention, a sulfur-containing halohydrin compound is dripped into and reacted with a mixed solvent containing an organic solvent and a basic compound to provide the method for producing the sulfur-containing epoxy compound. According to aspects of the present invention, the organic solvent is at least one type of compound selected from toluene and benzene, the basic compound is at least one type of compound selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, and the reaction temperature is between ?5° C. and 30° C.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a sulfur-containing epoxy compound producing no scum-like insoluble matter. According to the present invention, a sulfur-containing halohydrin compound is dripped into and reacted with a mixed solvent containing an organic solvent and a basic compound to provide the method for producing the sulfur-containing epoxy compound. According to aspects of the present invention, the organic solvent is at least one type of compound selected from toluene and benzene, the basic compound is at least one type of compound selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, and the reaction temperature is between ?5° C. and 30° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diaryl sulfone compound represented by Formula (1) below: wherein R1 to R4 and R1? to R4? are the same or different; each represents hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, or halogen; and R5 is (thio)glycidyl, acryloyl, or the like; and a method for producing the same. According to the present invention, a novel compound useful as a monomer for producing synthetic resin having a high refractive index and excellent transparency for optical materials can be efficiently produced with a simple production process, using an inexpensive material as a starting material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of treating a patient at risk of developing or having a neurofibromatosis or a sporadic schwannoma. In exemplary embodiments, the method involves administering to a subject in need an effective amount of a modulator of a target related to neurofibromatosis. Also disclosed are screening assays involving the implementation of Merlin-null Schwann cells, and to compounds identified using same.

Abstract: Forming multifunctional materials and composites thereof includes contacting a first material having a plurality of oxygen-containing functional groups with a chalcogenide compound, and initiating a chemical reaction between the first material and the chalcogenide compound, thereby replacing oxygen in some of the oxygen-containing functional groups with chalcogen from the chalcogen-containing compound to yield a second material having chalcogen-containing functional groups and oxygen-containing functional groups. The first material is a carbonaceous material or a macromolecular material. A product including the second material is collected and may be processed further to yield a modified product or a composite.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of the formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 1; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R1, R3, and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, or R4 is sulfurized or epoxidized. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.

Abstract: Provided herein are poly-capped estolides, including those of the Formula IV in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 2; R1 is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R3 and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Hydroxy estolides are also described herein, which may be suitable end products, or serve as intermediates to provide poly-capped estolides. Also provided are compositions containing poly-capped estolides and methods of making both said poly-capped estolides and compositions thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to pharmaceutical agents, and in particular, to metalloprotease inhibitor compounds. More particularly, the present invention provides a new class of dual acting MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibiting compounds that exhibit increased potency, metabolic stability and/or reduced toxicity in relation to currently known MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors for the treatment of pain and other diseases. Additionally, the present invention relates to methods for treating pain, addiction and/or withdrawal symptoms in a patient comprising administering to the patient a pain-reducing effective amount of a present compound.

Abstract: A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an episulfide compound efficiently from an epoxy compound with no need of a measure against odor or corrosion, or a neutralization step. The present invention solved the above-described problem by a method for producing an episulfide compound in which an epoxy compound and a thiourea are reacted with each other in the presence of an ammonium compound.

Abstract: Fatty acid inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions including fatty acid inhibitors, methods for using fatty acid inhibitors to treat a variety of diseases, and methods for preparing fatty acid inhibitors are provided herein.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of the formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 1; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R1, R3, and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, or R4 is sulfurized or epoxidized. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds, compositions, and methods for the treatment of diseases, disorders, or conditions that are modulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The disease, disorder, or condition can include, for example, stroke, neurological disorders, or ophthalmological disorders. The treatment can include administering a compound or composition described herein, thereby providing a prodrug compound that metabolizes to an active MMP inhibitor in vivo. The MMP inhibition can be selective inhibition, for example, selective inhibition of MMP-2, MMP-9, and/or MMP-14. Thus, the invention provides non-mutagenic prodrug compounds of the formulas described herein that result in the inhibition of MMPs upon in vivo administration.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diaryl sulfone compound represented by Formula (1) below: wherein R1 to R4 and R1? to R4? are the same or different; each represents hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, or halogen; and R5 is (thio)glycidyl, acryloyl, or the like; and a method for producing the same. According to the present invention, a novel compound useful as a monomer for producing synthetic resin having a high refractive index and excellent transparency for optical materials can be efficiently produced with a simple production process, using an inexpensive material as a starting material.

Abstract: There is provided a nitrile compound having an excellent controlling effect on arthropod pests represented by the formula (I): wherein m represents in integer of 0 to 4; n represents an integer of 1 to 4; q represents an integer of 0 to 4; Q represents a C1-C4 fluoroalkyl group; Z represents an optionally substituted C2-C6 alkynyl group or a ?N—OR3 group; R1 and R2 independently represent a monovalent C1-C4 chain hydrocarbon group optionally substituted with a halogen atom, etc.; and A represents an optionally substituted monovalent C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group, etc.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of the formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 1; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R1, R3, and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, or R4 is sulfurized or epoxidized. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.

Abstract: A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an episulfide compound efficiently from an epoxy compound with no need of a measure against odor or corrosion, or a neutralization step. The present invention solved the above-described problem by a method for producing an episulfide compound in which an epoxy compound and a thiourea are reacted with each other in the presence of an ammonium compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel xanthone derivative compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound is useful as a chemosensitizer that reduces anticancer drug resistance.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds of formulas I-IX, as described herein. Also provided are compositions of compounds of formulas I-IX, methods of making compounds of formulas I-IX, and methods of using compounds of formulas I-IX. The compounds of the invention can be used to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, and are useful to treat conditions and diseases associated therewith.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds of formulas I-IX, as described herein. Also provided are compositions of compounds of formulas I-IX, methods of making compounds of formulas I-IX, and methods of using compounds of formulas I-IX. The compounds of the invention can be used to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, and are useful to treat conditions and diseases associated therewith.

Abstract: Fatty acid inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions including fatty acid inhibitors, methods for using fatty acid inhibitors to treat a variety of diseases, and methods for preparing fatty acid inhibitors are provided herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds of formulas I-IX, as described herein. Also provided are compositions of compounds of formulas I-IX, methods of making compounds of formulas I-IX, and methods of using compounds of formulas I-IX. The compounds of the invention can be used to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, and are useful to treat conditions and diseases associated therewith.

Abstract: Thiol ester compositions, methods of making the thiol ester compositions, and methods of using the thiol ester compositions are provided. In some embodiments, the thiol ester compositions include thiol esters, hydroxy thiol esters and cross-linked thiol esters. The thiol ester composition can be used to produce cross-linked thiol esters, sulfonic acid-containing esters, sulfonate containing esters and thioacrylate containing esters. The thiol ester compositions can be used to produce polythiourethanes. The polythiourethanes can be used in fertilizers and fertilizer coatings.

Abstract: Methods and pharmaceutical compositions comprise at least one hepoxilin analog of the formula (I) wherein X and R3 are as defined herein. The methods are directed to treatment of a cancer and for promotion of a apoptosis in a cancer cell.

Abstract: An isoflavone derivative is provided. The isoxazole derivative has following formula: wherein R1 and R2, independently, include C1-C12 alkyl optionally substituted with oxirane, thiirane, aziridine, amino, cycloamino, aminohydroxy or cycloaminohydroxy, and R3 includes hydrogen, hydroxy or C1-C12 alkoxy optionally substituted with oxirane, thiirane, aziridine, amino, cycloamino, aminohydroxy or cycloaminohydroxy. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for treatment of osteoporosis including an isoflavone derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: An active ray curable composition comprising a compound represented by Formula (X):

Abstract: Improved citral and citronellal derivatives, and fragrance and flavorings including the derivatives, that have a longer useful shelf life than citral and citronellal and/or fragrances and flavoring including citral and citronellal, are disclosed. In particular, the derivatives maintain the fragrance characteristics of citral and citronellal, while lowering the allergic properties, and lemony flavors and fragrances with a longer shelf-life than citral and citronellal, are disclosed. Also discovered are methods of making the derivatives, and articles of manufacture including the derivatives. The derivatives replace the aldehyde group in citral or citronellal with a hydroxy group. In one embodiment, the derivatives also replaced one or more double bonds in citral or the double bond in citronellal with a cyclopropyl group, which can be unsubstituted, or substituted with one or two alkyl, preferably methyl, groups, or with an oxirane or thiirane ring or combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds of formulas I-IX, as described herein. Also provided are compositions of compounds of formulas I-IX, methods of making compounds of formulas I-IX, and methods of using compounds of formulas I-IX. The compounds of the invention can be used to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, and are useful to treat conditions and diseases associated therewith.

Abstract: A surface-treating agent for forming a resist pattern, includes: a compound represented by formula (1) as defined in the specification, wherein the surface-treating agent is used in a step between a formation of a first resist pattern on a first resist film and a formation of a second resist film on the first resist pattern to form a second resist pattern, and a pattern-forming method uses the surface-treating agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermosetting resin compositions useful for mounting onto a circuit board semiconductor devices, such as CSPs, BGAs, LGAs and the like, each of which having a semiconductor chip, such as LSI, on a carrier substrate. The compositions of this invention are reworkable when subjected to appropriate conditions.

Abstract: A sulfonium salt compound excelling in transparency to deep ultraviolet rays at a wavelength of 220 nm or less, exhibiting well-balanced excellent performance such as sensitivity, resolution, pattern form, LER, and storage stability when used as a photoacid generator, a photoacid generator comprising the sulfonium salt compound, and a positive-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition containing the photoacid generator. The sulfonium salt compound is shown by the following formula (I), wherein R1 represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an alkoxyl group, or —OR3 group, wherein R3 is a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, R2 represents a (substituted)-alkyl group or two or more R2 groups form a cyclic structure, p is 0-7, q is 0-6, n is 0-3, and X? indicates a sulfonic acid anion. The positive-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition comprises (A) a photoacid generator of the sulfonium-salt compound and (B) an acid-dissociable group-containing resin.

Abstract: Improved citral derivatives, and fragrances and flavorings including the derivatives, that have a longer useful shelf life than citral and/or fragrances and flavorings including citral, are disclosed. In particular, the derivatives maintain the fragrance characteristics of citral, while lowering the allergic properties, and lemony flavors and fragrances with a longer shelf-life than citral, are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of making the derivatives, and articles of manufacture including the derivatives. In one embodiment, the derivatives are prepared by replacing one or more double bonds in citral with a cyclopropyl group, which can be unsubstituted, or substituted with one or two lower alkyl, preferably methyl groups. The alkyl groups can optionally be substituted, for example, with electron donating groups, electron with drawing groups, groups which increase the hydrophilicity or hydrophobocity, and the like.

Abstract: Episulfide compounds useful as starting materials of optical materials are stably stored for a long period of time at a temperature ranging from their solidifying points to 20° C., preventing the production or precipitation of polymers and the yellowing.

Abstract: Fungicidal compounds of the general formula (1) wherein X, Y, Z, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 have the definitions given in claim 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for stereoselective or regioselective chemical synthesis which generally comprises reacting a nucleophile and a chiral or prochiral cyclic substrate in the presence of a non-racemic, chiral catalyst to produce a stereoisomerically- and/or regioisomerically-enriched product. The present invention also relates to hydrolytic kinetic resolutions of racemic and diastereomeric mixtures of epoxides.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds that inhibit MMPs; methods for treating or preventing cancer, angiogenesis, arthritis, connective tissue disease, cardiovascular disease, inflammation or autoimmune disease in a mammal; a method for inhibiting a matrix metalloproteinase in vivo or in vitro; and a method for imaging a tumor in vivo or in vitro.

Abstract: Improved organophotoreceptor comprises a photoconductive element comprising: (a) a charge transport material having the formula where Y1 and Y2 are, each independently, a bond, —CR1?N—NR2—, or —CR3?N—N?CR4— where R1, R2, R3, and R4 comprise, each independently, H, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a heterocyclic group, or an aromatic group; X1 and X2 are, each independently, a linking group; T1 and T2 are, each independently, a thiiranyl group, H, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aromatic group with the proviso that at least one of T1 and T2 is a thiiranyl group; and Ar comprises an aromatic group with the proviso that when both Y1 and Y2 are a bond and one of T1 and T2 is not a thiiranyl group, Ar comprises a bis[(N,N-disubstituted)amino]aromatic group or a bicarbazole group; and (b) a charge generating compound. Corresponding electrophotographic apparatuses and imaging methods are described.

Abstract: This invention includes an organophotoreceptor having an electrically conductive substrate and photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive element having a) a polymeric charge transport composition with the formula where Y1 and Y2 are, each independently, a bond, a —CR1?N—NR2— group, or a —CR3?N—N?CR4— group; R, R?, R?, R1, R2, R3, and R4 comprise, each independently, H, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a heterocyclic group, an aromatic group, or a part of a ring group; X1 and X2 are, each independently, a linking group; T2 comprises a thiiranyl group, H, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aromatic group; Ar comprises an aromatic group; Z is a bridging group; and n is a distribution of integers between 1 and 100,000 with an average value at least 2; and (b) a charge generating compound. Corresponding electrophotographic apparatuses and imaging processes are also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermosetting resin compositions useful for mounting onto a circuit board semiconductor devices, such as CSPs, BGAs, LGAs and the like, each of which having a semiconductor chip, such as LSI, on a carrier substrate. The compositions of this invention are reworkable when subjected to appropriate conditions.

Abstract: The compounds of formula in the form of any one of their isomers or of mixtures thereof, and wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an acetyl group, R1 represents a methyl or an ethyl group and R2 represents a C3–C4 linear or branched alkyl group, are useful for the perfume and flavor industries.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the addition of a nucleophile across an electron poor carbon-carbon double bond (a Michael addition) comprising contacting in a solvent: i) a nucleophile; ii) a compound comprising an electron poor double bond; and iii) a catalyst comprising a soluble polymer and a polyamino acid.

Abstract: Triptolide analogues are described, including compounds of Formula I: 1

Abstract: The invention provides compounds that inhibit MMPs; methods for treating or preventing cancer, angiogenesis, arthritis, connective tissue disease, cardiovascular disease, inflammation or autoimmune disease in a mammal; a method for inhibiting a matrix metalloproteinase in vivo or in vitro; and a method for imaging a tumor in vivo or in vitro.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds that inhibit MMPs; methods for treating or preventing cancer, angiogenesis, arthritis, connective tissue disease, cardiovascular disease, inflammation or autoimmune disease in a mammal; a method for inhibiting a matrix metalloproteinase in vivo or in vitro; and a method for imaging a tumor in vivo or in vitro.

Abstract: Describes novel polyfunctional thiiranes. Also described are polymerizable compositions comprising such novel polyfunctional thiiranes, and polymerizates, e.g., optical lenses, prepared therefrom. The described polymerizates may have a refractive index of at least 1.6, and an Abbe number of at least 27.

Abstract: Curable compositions, reaction products of which are reworkable through thermal decomposition, are provided. Specific compounds useful in such curable compositions, as well as curable compositions and thermosets incorporating such compounds, are provided in the present invention. The compounds include a cyclic hydrocarbon moiety including an oxirane or thiirane group and an aromatic ether moiety including an oxirane or thiirane group. The cyclic hydrocarbon moiety and the aromatic ether moiety are joined to each other through an oxycarbonyl-containing linkage or a thiocarbonyl-containing linkage, preferably a secondary or tertiary linkage. Compositions incorporating such compounds are capable of curing by exposure to a specific temperature, and are decomposable at a temperature in excess of the curing temperature, thus providing a composition which is reworkable.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermosetting resin compositions useful for mounting onto a circuit board semiconductor devices, such as CSPs, BGAs, LGAs and the like, each of which having a semiconductor chip, such as LSI, on a carrier substrate. The compositions of this invention are reworkable when subjected to appropriate conditions.

Abstract: A process for producing a lens comprising polymerizing bis(&bgr;-epithiopropyl)ether to form a lens.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds that inhibit MMPs; methods for treating or preventing cancer, angiogenesis, arthritis, connective tissue disease, cardiovascular disease, inflammation or autoimmune disease in a mammal; a method for inhibiting a matrix metalloproteinase in vivo or in vitro; and a method for imaging a tumor in vivo or in vitro.