Abstract: An air conditioning system, which can automatically remove a malodor generated due to condensate water remaining in an evaporator during a predetermined period of time after operation of an air conditioner or turning-off of the air conditioner and control a filtering mode time of a filter to filter an air. The air conditioning system characteristically comprises a shiftable deodorization filter (30 or 40) located on a flow channel of the cool air passageway and operationally moved to a filtering mode position so as to screen the flow channel of the cool air passageway during a predetermined period of time after an air conditioner is turned on or off, whereby the air passing through the cool air passageway C and a malodor contained in the air are filtered.

Abstract: A radial air intake device for an engine or a power unit that includes a ring-shaped filter for covering the radial air intake. The ring-shaped filter includes a first fixed part and a second mobile part which is movable with respect to the first fixed part through actuator elements, from a filtering position in which the whole radial air intake is covered by the ring-shaped filter, to a bypass position in which the second mobile part uncovers at least partly the radial air intake.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coupling head for coupling a towing vehicle to a trailer. According to the invention, in the coupling head a filter element is used. The filter element is bypassed by a continuously open by-pass. Preferably, the path through the by-pass has at least one redirection in the region of an undercut. As a result of the redirection, contaminants in the compressed air are not or not fully transferred through the by-pass. The by-pass might also ensure a supply of compressed air to the trailer, for example, when the filter element is at least partly blocked due to the contaminants. According to the invention, a valve element used to open the by-pass in the case of increasing blockage of the filter element is not required.

Abstract: A filter device for filtration of gaseous fluids has a filter housing provided with a receptacle. A first filter element and a second filter element are arranged in the receptacle of the filter housing behind one another in an axial direction of the filter housing. A first bypass that bypasses the first filter element is provided. An inflow side of the second filter element is arranged axially behind the first filter element and is fluidically connected to the first bypass. Fluid to be filtered passes in a flow direction of the fluid through the first bypass to the inflow side of the second filter element.

Abstract: A water dissipation device for removing water vapor or moisture from a breathing circuit is provided, including an upper lid portion, an entry port and an exit port. An outer cover structure extends from the upper lid portion to define an enclosed volume. An inner frame extends from the upper lid portion inside the outer cover structure. The outer cover structure includes a first layer of water or moisture wicking material and a second layer of water vapor breathable medium, and has an inner surface area bounding an inner flow space such that water vapor or moisture can permeate from the inner flow space through the outer cover structure out of device. The device can include an inner cup structure extending from the upper lid portion into the enclosed volume to displace the enclosed volume and define and bound a portion of the inner flow space and compressible volume therein.

Abstract: A motor-vehicle air cleaner comprises the filter assembly, an air-cleaner housing configured to fittably and removably accommodate the filter assembly and to enclose the main filter and the auxiliary filter separately when the filter assembly is accommodated in the air-cleaner housing. The motor-vehicle air cleaner further comprises a flow restrictor configured to restrict air flow to the auxiliary filter.

Abstract: An embodiment in accordance with the present invention provides a water dissipation device to remove water vapor from a humidified gas traveling through a breathing circuit between a patient and a ventilator, or a ventilator and a patient. The present invention includes a water dissipation device having a housing defining entry and exit ports for coupling to the breathing circuit and a breathable medium permeable to water vapor and impermeable to liquid water bacteria, viruses and other gases enclosed within said housing.

Abstract: Embodiments of recirculating filtration and exhaust systems for material processing systems are disclosed herein. A material processing system configured in accordance with one embodiment includes an enclosure for processing a workpiece, the enclosure having an enclosure inlet and an enclosure outlet. The system also includes a first flow path fluidly coupled to the enclosure inlet and the enclosure outlet, and a first filtration assembly in the first flow path. The first filtration assembly draws airflow from the enclosure and returns the airflow to the enclosure. The system further includes a second flow path in fluid communication with the first flow path upstream from the enclosure inlet, and a second filtration assembly in the second flow path. The second filtration assembly draws airflow from the first flow path and returns airflow to the first flow path.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide an apparatus and method for certifying a filter in a containment system without decontaminating the containment system prior to certification. The apparatus generally comprises a valve assembly selectable between at least three operational states. A first state prevents flow from prevents flow through a port of a housing. A second state fluidly couples the port to test equipment necessary to test a filter disposed within the housing. A third state seals the port but fluidly couples the test equipment to a decontamination system.

Abstract: A bypass flow filter includes a plurality of channels which are formed of at least one structured wall layer and a filter layer. Projecting guide vanes and passages, which are formed by the wall layer and lead to a different channel, are provided in at least a majority of the channels. The passages have a narrowing cross section and a narrowing part of the cross section is directed towards an adjacent guide vane. An exhaust system and a vehicle having a bypass flow filter, are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide low-profile surface mount filters. One embodiment of the present invention includes a filter housing adapted to mount on a substrate block having a plurality of flow paths and a filter cavity defined therein. The filter cavity is defined to extend in a generally horizontal direction when the low-profile filter is in use. A first flow passage is defined to connect an inlet of the filter housing to a first section of the filter cavity and a second flow passage is defined to connect a second section of the filter cavity to an outlet of the filter housing. A filter assembly is disposed in the filter cavity and sealed to the surface of the filter cavity separating the filter cavity into adjacent sections including the first section of the filter cavity and second section of the filter cavity.

Abstract: A method of assembling an inlet air filter assembly for use with a turbine engine system. The method includes coupling an inlet hood to an air filter enclosure, such that an airflow path is defined between the inlet hood and the air filter enclosure. A pre-filter is coupled to the inlet hood, such that the pre-filter is positioned within the airflow path. A filter bypass assembly is coupled to the pre-filter for moving the pre-filter from an operating position to a bypass position during operation of the turbine engine system.

Abstract: An air filtering device and an air cleaning system of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus to reduce cost and increase manufacturing productivity. The air filtering device may include a frame having an open aperture coupled to an air supply line. A buffer frame configured to be inserted into the frame may include a plurality of slot parts, each slot part having a plurality of air in/out apertures through which air may flow in or out from the buffer frame. A plurality of filters may be releasably fastened to the plurality of slot parts to filter pollution material contained in air flowing through the air in/out apertures. An air interrupter for interrupting air flowing through the air in/out apertures may be used when replacing the plurality of filters, thereby providing purified air to the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus during the replacement.

Abstract: A filtering device for an engine or a for power unit with a radial air intake, includes a ring-shaped filter for covering the radial air intake, characterised in that the ring-shaped filter includes a first fixed part and a second mobile part which is movable with respect to the first fixed part through actuator elements, from a filtering position in which the whole radial air intake is covered by the ring-shaped filter, to a bypass position in which the second mobile part uncovers at least partly the radial air intake.

Abstract: A filter device for filtration of gaseous fluids has a filter housing provided with a receptacle. A first filter element and a second filter element are arranged in the receptacle of the filter housing behind one another in an axial direction of the filter housing. A first bypass that bypasses the first filter element is provided. An inflow side of the second filter element is arranged axially behind the first filter element and is fluidically connected to the first bypass. Fluid to be filtered passes in a flow direction of the fluid through the first bypass to the inflow side of the second filter element.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide low-profile surface mount filters. One embodiment of the present invention includes a filter housing adapted to mount on a substrate block having a plurality of flow paths and a filter cavity defined therein. The filter cavity is defined to extend in a generally horizontal direction when the low-profile filter is in use. A first flow passage is defined to connect an inlet of the filter housing to a first section of the filter cavity and a second flow passage is defined to connect a second section of the filter cavity to an outlet of the filter housing. A filter assembly is disposed in the filter cavity and sealed to the surface of the filter cavity separating the filter cavity into adjacent sections including the first section of the filter cavity and second section of the filter cavity.

Abstract: A filter apparatus comprises first and second filters, each having an upstream surface and a downstream surface. At least one bypass channel extends from a position upstream of the upstream surface of the first filter to a position upstream of the upstream surface of the second filter.

Abstract: A purge exhaust processor includes an inlet chamber receiving a purge exhaust. A portion of the purge exhaust including at least one of moisture, air, and oil is passed from the inlet chamber to a sump volume. A heat source changes a phase of the moisture from liquid to gas. A wick transfers the oil from the sump volume to an oil collector.

Abstract: An air purifier (10) for an animal transport vehicle, such as a horse float (12), has a first air flow passageway (22) for receiving air and directing it in a first direction, and a second air flow passageway (40) continuous with the first air flow passageway and adapted to direct air received from the first air flow passageway in a second direction substantially opposite to the first direction. There is a bend region (42) joining the first and second air flow passageways where the change in the direction of air occurs. An air egress passageway (34) has an opening (36) adjacent the bend region so as to divert some of the air therethrough. The passageway (34) is so configured as to create a venturi effect on the diverted air. A filter (43) is located downstream of the second air flow passageway (40) and is mounted across an opening of the transport vehicle so that air flowing through the second air flow passageway is filtered before entering the transport vehicle.

Abstract: Embodiments include an inlet particle separator system for a gas turbine engine. The inlet particle separator system includes an inertial particle separator that separates incoming air into a cleaned air flow and a scavenge flow. Embodiments may also include an ejector that provides a draw on a scavenge duct and entrains the scavenge flow into a charged flow, e.g., such as the output of a first stage fan. The ejector may have a variable output.

Abstract: A purge exhaust processor includes an inlet chamber receiving a purge exhaust. A portion of the purge exhaust including at least one of moisture, air, and oil is passed from the inlet chamber to a sump volume. A heat source changes a phase of the moisture from liquid to gas. A wick transfers the oil from the sump volume to an oil collector.

Abstract: A crankcase ventilation system for an internal combustion engine has a jet pump suctioning scavenged separated oil from the oil outlet of an air/oil separator and pumping same to the crankcase. The jet pump supplies pumping pressure greater than the pressure differential between the higher pressure crankcase and the lower pressure oil outlet, to overcome such pressure differential and the back flow tendency otherwise caused thereby, and instead cause suctioning of scavenged separated oil from the oil outlet and pumping same to the crankcase.

Abstract: An air-cleaner includes a housing attached to an induction system of an internal combustion engine. The air-cleaner includes a filter element located within the housing and separating the internal of the housing into a dust side and clean side, the dust side having an introduction portion for introducing an external air into the housing, the clean side having a feeder portion for feeding a filtered air to an engine. The air-cleaner includes a plate-shaped adsorption element including an adsorbent to adsorb a vaporized fuel returned from an engine side and permitting an air to pass therethrough, the adsorption element arranged to cross the direction of an air flow and fitted to occupy the entire surface of the clean side in the housing. The adsorption element defines a port connecting the filter element and the feeder portion, and includes a valve disc to open or close the port. The valve disc is controlled to open during air inspiration for permitting an air to flow toward the feeder portion.

Abstract: A cartridge of an air dryer serves for cleaning compressed air to be used in compressed air supply systems of motor vehicles, especially trucks. The cartridge includes a housing, a pre-filter, a deposit chamber, a coalescing filter, a bypass conduit and a check valve. The deposit chamber is located downstream of the pre-filter. The deposit chamber is filled with a treating substance. The coalescing filter is arranged between the pre-filter and the deposit chamber. The bypass conduit is designed and arranged to bypass the coalescing filter and not to bypass the pre-filter. The check valve is arranged in the bypass conduit in a way that it opens during regeneration of the cartridge.

Abstract: A fuel adsorbent member 16 is arranged in a housing 11 at a position downstream from a filter element 14. The fuel adsorbent member 16 adsorbs evaporative fuel. An air cleaner is configured in such a manner that, when receiving a backfire pressure P1 from an engine, the fuel adsorbent member 16 is held in the state secured to the housing 11. Specifically, release holes 22 are defined in a portion of the fuel adsorbent member 16 for releasing the backfire pressure P1 through the release holes 22.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner of the present invention guides air and dust sucked from an inlet 12 to a dust collection chamber 29 through a guide path 41. A cylindrical passage member 55 is located at a linear section of the guide pipe 41 so that its axial line may come along a direction in which the linear section 52 extends. A plurality of vent holes 47 are formed on the passage member 55 and each of the vent holes 47 is covered with a mesh filter 50. When dust is accumulated in the dust collection chamber 29 to some extent, air flowing into a lead-in pipe 43 flows to the outside (the side of a bypass passage 31) through the vent holes 47 and is guided directly to an outlet by bypassing the dust collection chamber 29.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide low-profile surface mount filters. One embodiment of the present invention includes a filter housing adapted to mount on a substrate block having a plurality of flow paths and a filter cavity defined therein. The filter cavity is defined to extend in a generally horizontal direction when the low-profile filter is in use. A first flow passage is defined to connect an inlet of the filter housing to a first section of the filter cavity and a second flow passage is defined to connect a second section of the filter cavity to an outlet of the filter housing. A filter assembly is disposed in the filter cavity and sealed to the surface of the filter cavity separating the filter cavity into adjacent sections including the first section of the filter cavity and second section of the filter cavity.

Abstract: A filter element comprises a filter medium (1) with an inflow and an outflow side wherein at least one channel (2) which is variable in its dimensions is associated to the filter medium (1). An arrangement comprises a filter element and a flow channel, wherein the flow channel can be at least partially closed and opened by means of the filter element. Such a filter element and such an arrangement solve the objective to realize a filter system which ensures an engine-friendly operation mode and a long service life of the filter element.

Abstract: This dust collecting unit for use in a cleaner includes an inlet port through which air and dust is taken in, a dust catch room into which the air and dust taken in through the inlet port is led, an air flow path for separating a part of air taken in through the inlet port and ensuring air flow, an air outlet port through which the air having passed through the dust catch room and the air flow path is discharged, and a filter provided on the upstream side of the air outlet port for preventing dust from flowing to the air outlet port from the dust catch room and the air flow path.

Abstract: A cyclone dust separator for a vacuum cleaner, where a couple of cyclones are disposed parallel with each other and sequentially operated to separate and collect dust. The cyclone dust separator includes a bypass path guiding dust-laden air drawn in through a suction opening directly to a motor and having a first mesh that filters off dust included in drawn-in air; a first cyclone disposed at one side of the bypass path to separate the dust from the dust-laden air drawn in through the suction opening and discharge cleaned air to the motor; and a second cyclone disposed parallel with the first cyclone to separate the dust from the dust-laden air drawn in through the suction opening and discharge cleaned air to the motor. The dust included in the air is separated sequentially by the first mesh, the first cyclone and the second cyclone.

Abstract: A crankcase ventilation system for an internal combustion engine has a jet pump suctioning scavenged separated oil from the oil outlet of an air/oil separator and pumping same to the crankcase.

Abstract: A method of detecting leaks in the filter bags of a baghouse filter chamber that includes determining when the filter bags have been cleaned and, during a post-cleaning period after the cleaning of the filter bags, determining whether the opacity level of the exhaust of the baghouse filter chamber exceeds a predefined opacity limit. The determining whether the opacity level of the exhaust of the baghouse filter chamber exceeds a predefined opacity limit may include monitoring the opacity level of the exhaust of the baghouse filter chamber with an opacity sensor during the post-cleaning period and comparing the opacity readings during the post-cleaning period with the value of the predefined opacity limit.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oil separator for the separation of oil from the crankcase ventilation gas of an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing wherein a separating element is arranged, comprising an inlet for gas to be cleaned, an outlet for cleaned gas and an outlet for separated oil. The novel oil separator is characterized by a crude gas area of the housing adjacent to the inlet and provided with an oil sink wherein coarse oil carried by the incoming gas flow is deposited; also characterized in that the oil separator comprises, in addition to the separating element, a coarse oil cyclone whose inflow opening is located at the same level as the oil sink therein, and in that the separating element has an inflow opening which is spatially located above the inflow opening of the coarse oil cyclone.

Abstract: A filter system includes a set of modules, each module including screen assemblies and filter media sandwiched between the screen assemblies. A plurality of control assemblies are associated with each of the modules. Each of the control assemblies is in fluid communication with a corresponding module to control flow through the corresponding module. The control assemblies selectively control fluid in each of the modules between at least one of a forward flow through the screen assemblies to treat an influent flow, a bypass flow to bypass at least one of the modules, and a reverse flow to backwash a given filter media. A method of filtering influent includes providing an influent flow to a set of modules, each module including screen assemblies and filter media sandwiched between the screen assemblies. The influent is filtered by directing the influent through the set of modules. A given module is bypassed when the given module becomes occluded.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus is comprised of a plurality of exhaust gas passages, and a filter body 3 installed in the exhaust gas passages. The exhaust gas passage contains a filter-conducting portion 100 of conducting the exhaust gas to the filter body 3, and a filter-bypassing portion 200 of bypassing the filter-conducting portion 100 by branching out to an exhaust gas passage adjacent from the filter-conducting portion 100. When PMs are deposited on the filter-conducting portion 100 and an exhaust gas pressure loss is increased, the exhaust gas is branched out from the filter-bypassing portion 200 to flow.

Abstract: A filtration unit for use with an environmental control unit (ECU), usually a portable ECU, which includes at least two air flow paths wherein at least one of the air flow paths allows for use of air which has not passed through a nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) filter and at least one other does. The filtration unit may have at least three air paths, at least two of which provide NBC filtered air. This filtration unit can provide for longer expected operational life before filter replacement is required in both contaminated and non-contaminated environments. Further, the filtration unit may include remote sensing and control apparatus allowing for quick switching between operational modes depending on the need for filtered vs. unfiltered air and for a decreased reliance on personnel for maintenance and control, and a more simplified setup.

Abstract: A continuous processing trap apparatus is capable of increasing the trapping efficiency while maintaining conductance required by a vacuum chamber. The trap apparatus includes an exhaust passage for evacuating a hermetically sealed chamber by a vacuum pump, a hermetically sealed trapping and regenerating casing extending across the exhaust passage and a regenerating passage adjacent to the exhaust passage, and a trap unit movably housed in the trapping and regenerating casing for selective movement between a trapping position connected to the exhaust passage and a regenerating position connected to the regenerating passage. The trap apparatus further includes valve bodies disposed one on each side of the trap unit and supporting seals on outer circumferential surfaces thereof for sealing the exhaust passage and the regenerating passage from each other, and a monitoring mechanism for monitoring whether the seals are functioning normally.

Abstract: A filter protection apparatus includes a frame of a closed curve defining an inner space isolated from surroundings, the frame having a shape of a filter securing part for securing an air filter, an attaching part for attaching the frame to a filter securing part, and a protection part, which is coupled on the inner surface of the frame to occupy the inner space with a plurality of minute holes through which air passes, for protecting the filter from damage. In operation, the protection part is able to prevent damage to the filter that may be caused by work instruments during maintenance work.

Abstract: The present invention provides a culture container and a cap for a container having a ventilation filter medium or a medium similar thereto that can exchange carbon dioxide gas in the culture container with atmospheric air, and prevent the contamination of sterilized culture medium inside the culture container with fungi, mites, and the like. A culture bottle includes a bottle unit, and a cap that is mounted on an opening. The cap includes a cap unit, and a ventilation filter medium. A hole is provided in the cap unit. The ventilation filter medium includes a plurality of micropores having a pore diameter between 0.1 and 50 micrometers, and is mounted on the hole.

Abstract: A separating cyclone for at least partially separating a mixture of fluids of different density into a light fraction with a relatively low density and a heavy fraction with a relatively high density, comprising a flow body in a flow space between the flow body and casing around the flow body wherein at least one bypass channel is provided in the distal part of the flow body, via which channels a part of the mixture flowing along the flow body in the flow space can be guided. Also, a method for separating the above stated mixtures.

Abstract: A fluid treatment element comprises a fluid treatment pack including a fluid treatment medium. The fluid treatment pack has a hollow interior and a barrier is disposed in the hollow interior. The barrier separates a blind region in which fluid cannot flow between the hollow interior and the fluid treatment pack from an open region in which fluid can flow between the hollow interior and the fluid treatment pack and prevents fluid from flowing between the blind region and the open region. The fluid treatment pack also has an end region having a sealed end. The fluid treatment element defines a flow path for process fluid to be treated passing in a lengthwise direction through a portion of the fluid treatment pack.

Abstract: An air purifier includes a main body defining an air passage therein to allow sucked air to pass therethrough prior to being discharged, and a first filter installed in the main body to be switched between a closed state and an open state. The first filter removes contaminants from the sucked air in the closed state, and allows the sucked air to pass through the air passage in the open state. The air purifier may include a main body to suck and discharge air, with a bypass passage formed in the main body so that the bypass passage is opened or closed by a door, and a first filter installed in the main body. The sucked air passes through the first filter prior to being discharged when the door is closed, and passes through the bypass passage prior to being discharged when the door is opened.

Abstract: A snow filter for an airplane cabin air supply system is provided with a coned inlet screen which allows some air to pass through and some snow to be retained. The coned configuration diverts much of the air and snow toward a downstream conical retaining and collecting screen positioned toward the outlet of the snow filter. Snow is retained and collected at this point while air is able to pass through the screen. Downstream of the coned inlet screen and upstream of the conical retaining and collecting screen is an open air flow mid-portion that enables tortuous flow of air as the snow is directed toward the conical retaining and collecting screen in an annular collection volume. The outlet of the snow filter is provided with a contact sleeve that allows the snow filter to be fittingly received by a surrounding corresponding air duct. Thus a snow filter is provided that effectively separates snow from a flow of air while maintaining a clog-free path.

Abstract: An isolation device for one or more ion transport membranes and that has a housing and one or more check valves in communication with one or more passageways extending through the housing to prevent gas flow within the housing and the ion transport membrane(s) upon breakage thereof. Where a lance tube is used with the oxygen transport membrane a second check valve can be used. The check valves, preferably contain spring loaded poppet valves which, though normally open, are capable of resetting themselves into a closed position upon breakage or other failure of the oxygen transport membrane tubes.

Abstract: An exhaust gas filter is capable of suppressing the generation of an excessive pressure loss due to the particulates deposited. At least a part of a multiplicity of cells surrounded by partitioning walls of the honeycombed exhaust gas purification filter have plugs on one of their two end portions. At least a part of the cells to be arranged on the downstream side in the fluid path are partial plugs having openings allowing the fluid flow. The pressure loss caused when the fluid entering the cells passes through the partitioning walls is smaller than the pressure loss caused when the exhaust gas passes through the partial plugs.

Abstract: A new system for holding HEPA filters in an air duct. In the present invention, the filters are mounted parallel to the direction of air flow. This allows a filter assembly with essentially unlimited surface area to be installed without increasing the outside dimensions of the duct. This system also allow for easy and convenient replacement of filters.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas purifying system 1, a pair of carriers 34 is arranged in series along the flow direction of exhaust gas. Approximately a half of the exhaust gas passing through a first distribution flow path 4 flows in the upstream-side carrier 34, and the remaining half of the exhaust gas passing through a second distribution flow path 5 flows in the downstream-side carrier 34. Therefore, the capacity of the whole of the paired carriers 34 can be substantially doubled as in the case where the carriers 34 are arranged in parallel, so that the function as the exhaust gas purifying system 1 can be improved.

Abstract: An air purifier discharges air directly to a room without forcing the air to pass through a HEPA filter when the level of contaminations in the air, such as dust particles, is determined to be sufficiently low. The air purifier thus minimizes air pressure loss and attenuates operational noise caused by the HEPA filter, through which air passes. In an aspect, the air purifier includes a main body defining an air passage therein to allow sucked air to pass therethrough prior to being discharged, and a first filter installed in the main body to be switched between a dosed state and an open state. The first filter removes contaminants from the sucked air in the dosed state, and allows the sucked air to pass smoothly through the air passage in the open state.

Abstract: A filter 42 comprises a cylindrical filter body 45 which is disposed in a suction passage 41, a lid portion 47 which closes an opening 45b positioned in a downstream side of the suction passage 41 in the filter body 45, communication holes 48 which penetrate through the filter body 45 and communicate the inside of the filter body 45 with the outside thereof, and filter elements 49, 50 which are disposed downstream of the communication holes 48 and the lid portion 47, in the filter body 45; wherein a gap between an outer circumferential surface 45c of the filter body 45 and an inner circumferential surface 45a of the suction passage 41 is closed upstream of the communication holes 48.

Abstract: Gas/liquid separating devices include a separator (1) for separating a mixed gas/liquid flow (M). A liquid drain (2) communicates with the separator and defines a liquid storage chamber (30). The liquid drain serves to temporarily store a liquid separated from the mixed flow within the liquid storage chamber, so that a space that is not occupied by the liquid is ensured within the liquid storage chamber. An adjusting mechanism (52, 152) may serve to adjust the pressure within the space of the liquid storage chamber.