Abstract: This invention relates in general to a guard(s)/cap(s) and/or screen(s) apparatus (single and/or multiple formation) for the nacelle/air inlet for numerous jets, turbojet, turboprop and turboshaft engines—(Helicopters and other VTOL/VSTOL aircraft) such as power plants or the like. This apparatus contains the rotational system(s) as well as the engine shaft attached apparatus and/or pole that allows the mechanism to function by auto induced movement,without limiting engine thrust. Additional security measures have been introduced to the guard(s)/cap(s) and/or screen(s) apparatus, which includes a centrifuge chamber/manifold for particle collector without limiting engine thrust.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed (CFB) unit utilizing a mechanical dust collector located in a vertical flue above at least one heat exchange surface, and at least partially underneath the floor of a non-vertical flue, includes a plurality of individual collection elements each having a downward bottom outlet for a flow of cleaned gas conveyed through the collection elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for separating dirt and debris in flowing media by making use of centrifugal forces, said device comprising a separation chamber (1), and a dirt collection chamber (3) connected with said separation chamber (1) by at least one dirt discharge opening (2). Arranged in the region of dirt discharge opening (2) within dirt collection chamber (3) are one or more flow guide elements (4, 5, 6), which make the backflow of dirt and debris into separation chamber (1) difficult. In the present device the danger of backflow of dirt and debris particles from the dirt collection chamber into the separation chamber is reduced.

Abstract: A novel cyclone is disclosed that is effective for separating, from a contaminated gas stream, solid particulates having diameters as low as 4 to 5 microns. When multiple cyclones of the present invention are affixed between upper and lower tube sheets in a separator device, fine particle removal is possible to the extent required 1) by stringent regulations governing particulate emissions into the atmosphere, or 2) to prevent damage to turbine blades in downstream power recovery equipment. The cyclones are especially relevant to the problem of removing catalyst fines from refinery effluents, most notably fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) regenerator flue gas. The cyclone separation efficiency is enhanced through the use of 1) a uni-directional flow of gas from the contaminated gas inlet to the clean gas outlet and 2) discharge openings on the surface of the cyclone body that allow ejection of solid particulates.

Abstract: An apparatus for separation of a liquid from a multi-phase fluid flow flowing through a pipeline, wherein the fluid flow is set in rotation so that it is separated into a central zone (5) essentially containing gas, and an outer annular zone (6) essentially containing liquid, and from which the gas and the liquid in the two-zones are discharged via respective outlet means (10, 16). The apparatus comprises an essentially tubular casing (1) arranged to constitute a part of the actual pipeline, a spin element (4) for rotation of the fluid flow being located at the upstream end of the casing (1). The outlet means for the gas comprises an outlet element (10) arranged at the downstream end of the casing (1) and having a central, axially extending passage (11) for the gas, and an outer surface which, together with the inner surface of the casing (1), forms an annulus (12) for the inflow of liquid, a barrier (15) for the liquid being formed at the downstream end of the element (10).

Abstract: A centrifugal air-oil separator for separating liquid particles from gases containing the liquid particles includes a substantially cylindrical air-oil separation chamber and a substantially conical liquid discharge chamber which are integrated with each other and are horizontally disposed, and an air-oil separation plate disposed between a gas supply port communicating with the air-oil separation chamber and a gas discharge port communicating with the liquid discharge chamber. A liquid discharge port is provided at a lowest portion between a largest-diameter portion of the liquid discharge chamber and the air-oil separation plate, and the liquid discharge port is covered thereabove with a reverse flow prevention wall. A strong swirl flow is generated in the air-oil separation chamber by the action of the air-oil separation plate to thereby enhance the liquid separation effect, and the reverse flow of liquid from the liquid discharge port to the liquid discharge chamber can be prevented.

Abstract: A particle separator for use with a turbine engine is arranged to divide a flow of air into a radially inner air flow and a radially outer air flow. The particle separator is further arranged to separate inner particles from the inner air flow to allow air from the inner air flow to enter the turbine engine without the inner particles and arranged to separate outer particles from the outer air flow to allow air from the outer air flow to enter the turbine engine without the outer particles.

Abstract: A novel cyclone is disclosed that is effective for separating, from a contaminated gas stream, solid particulates having diameters as low as 4-5 microns. When multiple cyclones of the present invention are affixed between upper and lower tube sheets in a separator device, fine particle removal is possible to the extent required 1) by stringent regulations governing particulate emissions into the atmosphere, or 2) to prevent damage to turbine blades in downstream power recovery equipment. The cyclones are especially relevant to the problem of removing catalyst fines from refinery effluents, most notably fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) regenerator flue gas. The cyclone separation efficiency is enhanced through the use of 1) a uni-directional flow of gas from the contaminated gas inlet to the clean gas outlet and 2) discharge openings on the surface of the cyclone body that allow ejection of solid particulates.

Abstract: Improved mist eliminator (50) for use in pulp washers, deinking cells and the like, and methods of use are disclosed. A cyclonic gas/liquid separator (50) is provided that includes an elongated housing (100) with a cyclonic flow inducing vane assembly (108) disposed at a medial location along the length of the housing (100) to divide the separator (50) into two tandem cyclonic action zones (150, 152) of approximate equal volume within the housing (100). An initial separation is effected in the first cyclonic action zone (150) followed by final separation in the downstream or second cyclonic action zone (152).

Abstract: A pre-cleaner for an air induction system of an internal combustion engine including a housing enclosing an upper chamber and an aspirator port chamber, the upper chamber containing a plurality of particulate separator tubes for removing particles from air flowing through the tubes en route to the engine.

Abstract: A vapor-liquid separator includes an outer tube, an introduction tube, a delivery tube, and a discharge tube. The introduction tube allows passage of a vapor-liquid two-phase fluid in a swirling state. The delivery tube allows passage of the vapor phase separated from the vapor-liquid two-phase fluid. The introduction tube and the delivery tube are coaxially provided at the corresponding axially opposite ends of the outer tube. The discharge tube is provided on the outer tube in the vicinity of the axial end face of the outer tube on the side toward the introduction tube. The discharge tube is adapted to discharge therefrom the liquid phase separated from the vapor-liquid two-phase fluid. An outlet of the introduction tube and a delivery port of the delivery tube are located axially inside the outer tube by respectively predetermined axial distances while facing each other with a predetermined axial distance therebetween.

Abstract: A centrifugal air-oil separator for separating liquid particles from gases containing the liquid particles includes a substantially cylindrical air-oil separation chamber and a substantially conical liquid discharge chamber which are integrated with each other and are horizontally disposed, and an air-oil separation plate disposed between a gas supply port communicating with the air-oil separation chamber and a gas discharge port communicating with the liquid discharge chamber. A liquid discharge port is provided at a lowest portion between a largest-diameter portion of the liquid discharge chamber and the air-oil separation plate, and the liquid discharge port is covered thereabove with a reverse flow prevention wall. A strong swirl flow is generated in the air-oil separation chamber by the action of the air-oil separation plate to thereby enhance the liquid separation effect, and the reverse flow of liquid from the liquid discharge port to the liquid discharge chamber can be prevented.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for the cyclonic inertial separation of particles from a fluid stream, wherein a generator and an outlet tube are disposed within a housing, a scavenge port is disposed about the housing, and the outlet tube has a plurality of slots disposed about its outer diameter. Second and third pluralities of slots are preferably disposed about the outer diameter of the outlet tube, downstream of the first plurality of slots. The number of the first plurality of slots is preferably greater than the number of the second plurality of slots. The number of the second plurality of slots is preferably greater than the number of the third plurality of slots. The pluralities of slots are preferably ramped and circumferentially disposed about the outer diameter of the outlet tube. The outlet tube preferably has an upstream end with a conical surface shaped at an angle. The generator preferably has vanes that are helical and tapered at an angle.

Abstract: The invention relates to an intake system for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle for separating entrained water droplets. The intake system has an untreated air intake (10), an untreated air pipe (11) connected to said untreated air intake (10), and a water separator (12) adjoining said untreated air pipe (11). Inside the untreated air pipe (11) a swirl is produced to cause the aspirated air to rotate inside the untreated air pipe (11). The untreated air pipe (11) communicates with the internal combustion engine. The water separator (12) has an inner pipe (13) and an outer pipe (14), which are arranged coaxially to one another. The inner pipe (13) protrudes into the outer pipe (14), which is provided with a water outlet (20). Due to the coaxial construction of the water separator (12), the intake air flows into the downstream components without being diverted, so that no appreciable pressure losses are caused.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extracting water droplets from a water-laden airstream includes introducing the airstream into an extractor duct, imparting a swirling motion to the airstream at a first axial location in the duct, removing water droplets from the airstream that have been thrown to the inner surface of the duct at a second axial location downstream of the first location, and at a third axial location downstream of the second location removing water droplets not removed at the second location. The water removal mechanism at the second location includes a first collection chamber and a first array of apertures circumferentially positioned about the duct and communicating the interior of the duct with the first collection chamber.

Abstract: A separator adapted to be placed in a mist collection system prior to the final air cleaning stage, and adapted to remove a substantial portion of the mist from the air, includes stationary vanes in a cylindrical housing to establish a cyclonic flow therethrough, an annular flow restriction collar to establish a liquid collection area at the downstream end of the housing, a drain for discharge of the liquid from the collection area, and a flow interrupter to direct the swirling liquid into the drain.

Abstract: A system for separating an entrained immiscible liquid component from a wet gas stream, the system including a vessel having an interior in communication with a wet gas inlet, a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, at least one vortex tube supported within the vessel interior, the vortex tube having an inlet end and an outlet end and a tubular wall having an internal wall surface through which fluids pass as the gas flows between the vessel wet gas inlet and gas outlet, a vortex generator supported within the vortex tube near the inlet end, the vortex generator causing gas within the vortex tube to rotate to thereby cause at least some of the liquid component to be forced against the interior wall surface of the vortex tube by centrifugal action, a circumferentially positioned liquid outlet in the vortex tube downstream of the vortex generator configured to strip liquid and bypass gas from the stream flowing through said vortex tube, stripped liquid and bypass gas entering a central chamber of the vessel and a rec

Abstract: An attachment for the air intake of a gas turbine engine includes a plurality of particle separators. The particle separators cooperate to define an attachment axis and are spaced circumferentially about the attachment axis. Each particle separator includes a housing defining a separator axis, a first flow passage having at least a portion that is annular, an annular opening, and an annular second flow passage. The first and second flow passages are configured so that inertia of particles entrained in a stream of air flowing through the annular portion of the first flow passage tends to cause the particles to flow from the annular portion through the opening into the second flow passage to allow the stream of air to enter the engine flow passage free of the particles removed therefrom. The separator axes are parallel to and spaced apart from the attachment axis.

Abstract: A particle separator for a gas turbine engine includes a housing defining an annular first flow passage, an annular first opening, and an annular second flow passage positioned in fluid communication with the first flow passage through the first opening. The particle separator also includes a plurality of first vanes coupled to the housing in the first flow passage and a plurality of blades positioned in the first flow passage for rotation about an axis of the particle separator in response to a stream of air flowing past the blades downstream of the first vanes to allow the blades to deflect particles entrained in the stream of air from the first flow passage into the second flow passage through the first opening.

Abstract: A vortex generator for accepting high-pressure condensible vapor and separating the condensible vapor into a relatively hot stream of vapor and a relatively cool liquid. The vortex generator includes an inlet at the first end for allowing high pressure vapor to enter, and an outlet at the second end for allowing condensed liquid to exit wherein the outlet communicates with the inlet via a longitudinal chamber. A nozzle located near the inlet having a plurality of equally-spaced tangential inlets along its perimeter for injecting the vapor that is inlet to the vortex generator into the longitudinal chamber as a high-speed vortex vapor stream proximate the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A system for removing gas from a stream of a mixture of gas and particulate solids. The system includes a separation vessel having an upstream end portion and a downstream cowl portion, the upstream end portion having an inlet for introducing the stream tangentially into the vessel to separate centrifugally from the stream (i) a rich portion, comprising a solids-rich mixture, proceeding along a helical path at an outer annular portion of the separation vessel to the cowl portion, and (ii) a lean portion, comprising a solids-lean mixture, proceeding along a helical path at an inner portion of the separation vessel to the cowl section, multiple helical ports through which the rich portion proceeds axially through the cowl section, without significantly losing its momentum, to be discharged axially from the separation vessel, and multiple passages between the helical ports through which the lean portion proceeds radially outwards to be discharged from the separation vessel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extracting water droplets from a water-laden airstream includes introducing the airstream into an extractor duct, imparting a swirling motion to the airstream at a first axial location in the duct, removing water droplets from the airstream that have been thrown to the inner surface of the duct at a second axial location downstream of the first location, and at a third axial location downstream of the second location removing water droplets not removed at the second location. The water removal mechanism at the second location includes a first collection chamber and a first array of apertures circumferentially positioned about the duct and communicating the interior of the duct with the first collection chamber.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner includes a housing and a nozzle in fluid communication with the housing. A suction source is held by the housing. The nozzle is in fluid communication with the suction source. A dust cup is selectively secured to the housing. The dust cup includes an inlet in fluid communication with the nozzle and a first inertial dust separation stage positioned downstream from the inlet. A first dust containing chamber is located adjacent the first inertial dust separation stage for holding the dust separated by the first inertial dust separation stage. A second inertial dust separation stage is located downstream from the first inertial dust separation stage. A second dust containing chamber is located adjacent the second inertial dust separation stage for holding dust separated by the second inertial dust separation stage. An outlet is located downstream from the second inertial dust separation stage. The dust cup can be selectively removed from the housing for emptying.

Abstract: A powered low restriction air precleaner device and method for centrifugally ejecting heavier-than-air particulate debris from debris laden air for providing for a combustion engine air intake, an engine air cooling system, or a cab air intake system, for example. The device employs a fan located in the device for drawing debris laden air into the air precleaner device. The debris laden air is spun in the air precleaner device to form a rotating flow pattern that stratifies the debris laden air with the most massive particles of debris in the outermost orbits of the rotating flow pattern of debris laden air. Debris from the rotating flow pattern is ejected from the device for cleaning the air, which is flowed to an air outlet of the device for supplying the cleaned air.

Abstract: A compact vortex-stream gas-liquid separator, and a gas-liquid separation system employing it, offers high gas-liquid separation performance with minimal pressure loss. A substantially cylindrical casing (10) is arranged with its axis lying horizontally. The casing has a fluid passage (1) formed therein, has a fluid inlet (2) provided at one end, and has a gas outlet (3) and a liquid outlet (4) provided at the other end so as to constitute as a whole a vortex-stream gas-liquid separator (9). The fluid inlet is arranged along a line tangential to the casing so that the gas-liquid two-phase fluid passes through the fluid passage in the form of a vortex stream. The gas outlet is arranged so as to be coaxial with the casing. This vortex-stream gas-liquid separator and the gas-liquid separation system (30) employing it are used in a clothes dryer or air conditioner to remove water droplets from air.

Abstract: A water extractor of an environmental control system includes a swirl section and a water collector downstream the swirl section. The water collector includes an upstream sump having an inlet positioned to capture the bulk of water droplets leaving the swirl section. The water collector further includes a downstream sump for capturing water droplets that were not captured by the first sump.

Abstract: A powered low restriction air precleaner device and method for centrifugally ejecting heavier-than-air particulate debris from debris laden air for providing for a combustion engine air intake, an engine air cooling system, or a cab air intake system, for example. The device employs a fan located in the device for drawing debris laden air into the air precleaner device. The debris laden air is spun in the air precleaner device to form a rotating flow pattern that stratifies the debris laden air with the most massive particles of debris in the outermost orbits of the rotating flow pattern of debris laden air. Debris from the rotating flow pattern is ejected from the device for cleaning the air, which is flowed to an air outlet of the device for supplying the cleaned air.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for removing solid particles from a particle containing stream of fluid, the method including the steps of: inducing the stream to flow at supersonic velocity through a conduit; inducing a swirling motion to the supersonic stream of fluid thereby causing the particles to flow to a radially outer section of a collecting zone in the stream; and extracting the solid particles into an outlet stream from the radially outer section of the collecting zone. The apparatus is an apparatus effective for performance of this method.

Abstract: Improved mist eliminator for use in pulp washers and the like, and method of use of such is disclosed. A cyclonic gas/liquid separator for a gas/liquid mixture flowing vertically upward therethrough includes a cylindrical housing, a top wall having a gas outlet, a gas/liquid inlet, and a cyclonic-flow-inducing vane assembly spanning the inlet. The improvement includes an annular wall transverse to the vane assembly positioned between the vane assembly and the housing. The annular wall, in combination with the vane assembly and housing, defines an annular volume wherein separated liquid may drain downwardly toward the annular wall substantially without resistance from the gas/liquid flow. A drain carries the separated liquid directly to a liquid reservoir.

Abstract: A separator device (3) provided with a cyclone chamber (11, 79) for separating solid and/or liquid particles from a gas flow. The cyclone chamber (11, 79) has an upper wall (49) in which an outlet opening (15) is present, and a substantially rotationally symmetrical side wall (47, 81) in which an inlet opening (13) is present adjacent the upper wall (49). A discharge opening (17, 85) for the separated solid and/or liquid particles is present at a side (55, 83) of the cyclone chamber (11, 79) remote from the upper wall (49). According to the invention, a rotatable annular centrifugal unit (61, 87) is arranged in the cyclone chamber (11, 79) around the outlet opening (15) near the upper wall (49), by means of which unit a short-circuit flow running directly from the inlet opening (13) to the outlet opening (15) in the cyclone chamber (11, 79) is prevented. The efficiency of the separator device (3) is considerably improved thereby.

Abstract: A gas transfer pipe arrangement includes a pipe in which gas containing droplets flows. A centrifugal force type separation unit is provided in the pipe for applying a radial centrifugal force to the gas flowing in the pipe so that the droplets in the gas adhere to an inner periphery of the pipe to be separated from the gas. A liquid collecting unit is annularly provided on the inner periphery of the pipe at a position downstream of the centrifugal force type separation unit for collecting a liquid from the droplets separated by the centrifugal force type separation unit. A discharge unit is provided at a lower side of the pipe for discharging the liquid collected by the liquid collecting unit to the exterior of the pipe.

Abstract: A gas transfer pipe arrangement includes a pipe in which gas containing droplets flows. A droplet separation unit is provided in the pipe for separating the droplets from the gas. A liquid collecting unit is annularly provided on the inner periphery of the pipe at a position downstream of the droplet separation unit for collecting a liquid from the droplets separated by the droplet separation unit. A liquid discharging mechanism is provided at a lower side of the pipe for discharging the liquid collected by the liquid collecting unit to the exterior of the pipe.

Abstract: A multi stage separator for separating fluid and material. The conduit has a series of tubes arranged to convey material in a fluid stream with the last tube emptying into a receptacle. Each tube is separated from the prior tube forming exhaust vents whereat at least some of the fluid from the stream is exhausted. The downstream tube at each vent has a smaller cross-sectional area as compared to the adjacent upstream tube with a cone shaped vane extending outwardly to direct the exhausting fluid. The heavier than fluid material is provided with sufficient kinetic energy by the reduced size tubes to allow the fluid to exhaust while the material flows along the longitudinal axis of the tubes.

Abstract: A hydrocyclone for separating a combined phase input stream has two nesting truncated, downwardly tapering conical members having an annular space therebetween. A tangential inlet leads to the annular space between the conical members. Alternate embodiments applicable to a hydrocyclone device composed of nesting cylindrical or conical shells forming an annular cyclonic space have passages located on either of the shells to effect an intermediate draw off of a fraction of the flow stream. In addition, a coiled, hollow tube is advantageously situated within the annular space to optimize the flow pattern. Ports may be provided in the hollow tube for removing a gas fraction in counterflow orientation.

Abstract: A device for separation of liquid from a gas-liquid mixture has a vortex tube through which a gas-liquid mixture flows at speeds generating centrifugal forces with accelerations >50 g, which cause liquid droplets to precipitate on the interior walls of the vortex tube. The vortex tube has an inlet facility, particularly inlet nozzles, in the inlet area of the tube for introducing the gas-liquid mixture into the vortex tube and setting the gas-liquid mixture into a rotary motion within the tube. Circular evacuation ports are arranged one behind the other in a direction of flow of the gas-liquid mixture for discharge of the precipitated liquid. The ports each have a constant width s over their length l, wherein the length l of each evacuation port is constructed as to maintain a laminar flow of the precipitated liquid. Each evacuation port forms a maximum angle .alpha. of 10.degree. with the longitudinal axis of the vortex tube.

Abstract: The steam/water separator includes a lower standpipe for receiving a two-phase mixture of water and steam at its lower end. Internal threads or elements spaced about the interior wall of the standpipe impart a swirl to the incoming mixture, producing a thin film along the walls. Standard pick-off rings or a porous wall may be employed to separate the liquid from the vapor. A central swirl is imparted to the flow in the region dominated by vapor. This combination of peripheral swirl followed by a central swirl for steam/water separation affords minimum pressure losses along the separator with reduced sensitivity to inlet and submergence conditions.

Abstract: A moisture collector for collecting moisture from moisture containing air exiting from an air conditioning system in substantially a first flow direction is disclosed. The collector including a moisture collector housing defining a volume. An inlet extends into the volume for receiving the moisture containing air from the air conditioning system while substantially moving in the first flow direction. An outlet extends out of the volume for exhausting substantially moisture free air. A device for redirecting the moisture containing air is positioned within the volume and upstream of the outlet. At the device, moisture is removed from the moisture containing air for forming the substantially moisture free air. An air passageway is defined in the volume for directing the substantially moisture free air from the device for redirecting toward the outlet along with the moisture. A volume for collecting the moisture is provided.

Abstract: A portion of the feed line to a distilling column/flasher (or the like apparatus) is used as a flow-through cyclone to separate vapor and liquid components of the feed. Vortex flow is induced in the flasher feed line with a swirl vane assembly having drainage slots in the bottommost portion thereof for preventing entrapment of liquids therein. A shave-off device at the discharge end of the flasher feed line minimizes re-entrainment. The shave-off device includes a short cylinder, slightly smaller in diameter than the feed line and arranged coaxially therewith to form an annulus, which leads to a circular liquid collection chamber and collection chute draining into the flasher unit. Covers are removable for cleaning. The purpose of the shave-off device is to remove the liquids from the wall of the transfer (flasher feed) line in such a way that re-entrainment of liquids is minimized. The non-intrusive nature of the shave-off device minimizes vapor phase pressure drop.

Abstract: A cell for gas cleaning, preferably for separating gases from solid particles, includes an inlet pipe connected gas-tightly to a casing, and an entrapment pipe mounted within casing downstream of the inlet pipe. An enter opening of the entrapment pipe faces an outlet of the inlet pipe. A free area of the enter opening of the entrapment pipe is larger than a free area of the outlet of the inlet pipe, and smaller than a free area of the passageway of the casing. The cylindrical settling portion of the inlet pipe allows to establish a stationary condition of the dust laden gas flow. Separation is achieved by extension of the stationary dust laden gas flow when it enters the casing through the outlet of the inlet pipe. The stream of the particles does not expand, and almost all the number of the particles travels due to particle inertia toward the enter opening of the entrapment pipe.

Abstract: A vortex tube including an annular downstream scavenge duct is provided with a number of occluding members spaced circumferentially around the upstream entrance to the scavenge duct so as to restrict the entrance area of the duct. The occluding members are each generally triangular in section, are each attached to the wall of the vortex tube, and taper upstream from the entrance to the scavenge duct.

Abstract: A co-current separator is provided which makes it possible to separate a light phase contained in a mixture from a dense phase. Disposed downstream in the direction of circulation of the dense phase is an internal output opening of an interior enclosure. Fins are provided on the interior enclosure for limiting the progression of the light phase to the outside of the interior enclosure. The mixture is introduced tangentially into an inlet, and the dense phase is recovered at one outlet with the light phase recovered at another outlet. This makes it possible to rapidly separate the dense phase from the light phase, providing an apparatus useful for separating, for example, a solid from a gas.

Abstract: A co-current cyclone mixer-separator which makes it possible to separae a light phase L1 contained in a mixture M1 which also contains a dense phase D1 from the dense phase and to mix this phase L1 with a dense phase or with a mixture containing this phase and a light phase. The mixture M1 is introduced at and the phase D1 is recovered at. The dense phase of a mixture is introduced at and enters a second inner enclosure at, at least a part of the phase likewise entering the latter enclosure. A mixture comprising the phases, if it has been introduced, is obtained at. Preferably, the apparatus comprises blades which make it possible to limit the progress of the vortex into the outlet. This apparatus permits of a rapid heat exchange, for exmple the hardening, of a phase by a phase or a mixture. It can also be used for the rapid replacement of a phase contained in a mixture also containing a phase by a phase other than.

Abstract: A vortex tube gas cleaning device 10 is used to clean a particle containing gas flow stream of particles. The device 10 has an outer tube 12 having an inlet 14 at an upstream end, and, in series downstream of the inlet 14 a vortex generator 16 in a vortex region 18, and a separation region 20. An inner extraction tube 30 is located at the downstream end of the tube 12 and extends concentrically within the outer tube 12, upstream, canti-lever fashion. A peripheral outlet region 24 is defined annularly around the inner tube 30 downstream of the separation region 20 and leads to outlet ports 48. A central outlet region 28 is defined within the inner tube 30 downstream of the separation region 20 and leads to an outlet. The manner of location of the inner tube 30 ensures that the peripheral outlet region 24 is continuous or uninterrupted, especially also through an annular orifice 29.

Abstract: A moisture pre-separator for a steam turbine includes an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and a bottom interconnecting lower ends of the inner and outer cylinders. An annular collection chamber formed by the outer surface of the inner cylinder and the inner surface of the outer cylinder and the bottom is vented to communicate steam from the collection chamber to the interior of the inner cylinder, thereby equalizing pressure around the circumference of the entry gap and increasing effectiveness of moisture entrapment. Vanes are provided either on the outer surface of the inner cylinder or the inner surface of the outer cylinder, or both, in order to enhance swirling flow of moisture within the chamber, thereby helping to keep moisture away from the outer surface of the inner cylinder.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor in which the gases flowing tangentially through a pipe from the upper part of the reactor chamber to a cyclone separator are discharged through a discharge pipe of the separator. The discharge pipe is arranged to go through the bottom of the cylindrical vortex chamber. The separated solids flow through the return pipe to the lower part of the reactor chamber. The discharge end of the return pipe is disposed inside the lower fluidized bed zone being formed on the bottom of the reactor chamber.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor in which the gases flowing tangentially through a pipe from the upper part of the reactor chamber to a cyclone separator are discharged through a discharge pipe of the separator. The bottom of the cylindrical vortex chamber of the separator is substantially planar and inclined towards the fluidized bed reactor in one embodiment, and conical in another embodiment. The separated solids flow through the return pipe to the lower part of the reactor chamber. The discharge end of the return pipe is disposed inside the lower fluidized bed zone being formed on the bottom of the reactor chamber.

Abstract: A mosture pre-separator for the exhaust from a steam turbine, having an exhaust nozzle, comprises three cylindrical conduits. A first cylindrical conduit is affixed to the annular wall of the nozzle and has a radially outwardly extending section adjacent the annular wall, with a second cylindrical conduit, which terminates short of the annular wall, contained therein to form a first collection chamber therebetween. A third cylindrical conduit is slidably positioned in the second cylindrical conduit and extends into the exhaust nozzle of the turbine and forms a second collection chamber between the outer wall thereof and the wall of the exhaust nozzle, with direct communication provided between the first and second chambers.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling racing car brake assemblies removes entrained contaminants from the airstream prior to allowing the cooling airstream to impinge upon the brake assembly. The apparatus first comprises a rectangular or cylindrical housing for directing the airflow, disposed at the front of the vehicle. The housing contains a conical or V-shaped baffle to serve as a first compression stage, while a tapered portion or pair of angled walls forms a second compression stage, spaced from the baffle. A tubular outlet communicates with an aperture located between the two compression stages, and cleansed air is fed to the brake assembly by a hose attached to the housing outlet. The inertia of the entrained contaminants causes them to pass somewhat linearly through the compressing stages and out a pair of exit ports at the rear of the housing. This flow-through construction obviates the need for any additional mechanism to collect or remove the separated contaminants.

Abstract: An air cleaner including a plurality of regularly arranged vortex separators and a network of regularly arranged exhaust ducts is disclosed. The vortex separators include a restriction between vortex air and particulate laden scavengable air. The duct network includes a plurality of regularly arranged structural ducts extending between the spaced apart side plates which hold the vortex separators. The structural ducts are in fluid communication with the ducting network leading to a common output.

Abstract: Metallic particles entrained in the flow of steam being supplied by a steam generator to a steam turbine, the metallic particles being entrained in the flow of steam and at least in part having exfoliated from boiler pipes of the steam generator, are deflected from an axially directed steam flow path outwardly, toward the outer circumference of the path at which they are trapped and collected and thereby removed from the steam flow supply to the turbine.