Abstract: A vacuum receiver for use in a pneumatic vacuum conveying system having a lid which gas-tightly closes a particle storage vessel. The lid has two apertures therein allowing a gas-particle stream to enter the interior of the vessel and a gas stream to exit the vessel. An upstanding hollow inlet housing is gas-tightly secured on an exterior surface of the lid communicating with one of the apertures. An inlet port is provided in one side of the inlet housing. The gas-particle stream enters the inlet port with sufficient velocity so that the particles strike the inlet housing opposite the inlet port to decelerate the particles. The particles fall through the one aperture and are stored in the vessel. The gas stream also enters the vessel through the one aperture and exits through the other aperture into an upstanding hollow outlet housing. The gas stream exits the outlet housing via an outlet port in the outlet housing.

Abstract: A trap for collecting solid is connected to either an exhaust port or a suction port of a vacuum pump for trapping a solid material separated from a sublimed gas discharged by the vacuum pump. The trap includes a casing, a passage defining member disposed in the casing and defining a gas passage in the casing, and an intermediate member disposed between the casing and the passage defining member. The intermediate member is made of a flat thin sheet which is formed into a tubular member, and the tubular member is capable of being spread when taken out from the casing.

Abstract: A wear resistant vent orifice is formed by a ring plate member, having erosion protective material at least on the inner annulus thereof, defining the vent orifice between the inner annulus of the ring plate and a tube member passing therethrough.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and apparatus for separating liquid ash from an exhaust gas which is formed by the combustion of carbonaceous fuels. The exhaust gas is at a temperature of from 1200.degree. to 1800.degree. C. and under a pressure from 1 to 100 bars and has an ash content, consisting of liquid particles, of 0.1 to 60 g/sm.sup.3. In the process, the ash-containing exhaust gas leaving the combustion chamber is directed to a housing in which there is at least one baffle surface oriented substantially transversely to the direction of flow of the exhaust gas which may be preceded by a centrifugal separator and/or succeeded by a ceramic filter element.

Abstract: A refractory material system for the wall of a cyclone separator in which a plurality of erosion-resistant refractory material wear blocks extend in a spaced relationship to the tubes of the water-steam walls of a cyclone separator. The wear blocks are attached to a continuous fin extending between each adjacent pair of tubes and insulating, erosion-resistant refractory material extends between the fins and the wear blocks.

Abstract: A vessel for separating entrained particles from a gas in which a vertically extending tubular portion extends through a portion of a housing for providing an outlet for the gas after separation from the particles. The tubular portion includes a tube formed into a spiral coil, and a continuous fin extends from the tube for the entire length of the tube. The fin is welded to adjacent sections of the tube to render the coil airtight. A layer of insulation material extends to both sides of the coil.

Abstract: A cyclone separator in which an outer cylinder is formed by a plurality of vertically-extending, spaced, parallel tubes and extends around an inner pipe in a coaxial relationship therewith to define an annular chamber. A portion of the tubes forming the outer cylinder are bent out of the plane of the cylinder to form an inlet opening in a tangential relationship to the annular chamber for receiving gases containing solid particles and directing same through the annular chamber for separating the solid particles from the gas by centrifugal forces. The tubes are bent to form a roof for the annular chamber and to form a discharge chamber for the separated gases.

Abstract: A sealed scroll compressor comprises a scroll compressor section, an electric motor, a sealed container, an oil storage, a fixed and orbiting scroll members, and a wire mesh member for improvement of oil separation in refrigerant gas. A shell portion of said sealed container is lined annularly with the wire mesh member and the gas containing oil is adapted to flow downwardly along the wire mesh member. When the gas flows downwardly, the oil sticks to the wire mesh member and is separated from the gas. The oil collected on the wire mesh member drops down into the oil storage. The gas from which the oil is separated is, after that, discharged out of the compressor.

Abstract: A cyclone separator in which an outer cylinder is formed by a plurality of vertically-extending, spaced, parallel tubes and extends around an inner pipe in a coaxial relationship therewith to define an annular chamber. A portion of the tubes forming the outer cylinder are bent out of the plane of the cylinder to form an inlet opening in a tangential relationship to the annular chamber for receiving gases containing solid particles and directing same through the annular chamber for separating the solid particles from the gas by centrifugal forces. The tubes are bent radially inwardly towards the inner pipe to support the inner cylinder and water is passed through the tubes to cool the outer cylinder.

Abstract: A gas-water separator provided with a cylindrical partition wall member disposed in an upper portion within a casing of the separator to form an annular space between the partition wall member and the casing, with rotary vanes being disposed in the annular space and with upper and lower portions of the annular space and an inside bore of the partition wall member being connected to an inlet side, a drain valve portion and an outlet side, respectively, of the separator. The separator is provided with obliquely, downwardly inclined walls and spiral walls, each projecting outwardly gradually from an upper end of each of the inclined walls toward a lower end thereof and connected in a stepped configuration to a radial end wall at the lower end of the inclined wall.

Abstract: A case guard device for an air filter and a lubricator of a compressed air system having a main body connected to piping, and a transparent case formed of synthetic resinous material and attached to the main body. The case guard device includes a transparent case guard formed of synthetic resinous material open at its bottom and enclosing substantially the whole case while a gap is defined between the case and the case guard, and a retainer holding the case guard connected thereto by a projection-and-opening arrangement and latched onto the main body by bringing each of more than three locking portions into locking engagement with one of more than three pins on the main body.

Abstract: The invention concerns a gas generator with a fuel gas filter for the pyrotechanical production of gases from a propellant charge. A separator chamber is disclosed that is designed with annular slots for the purpose of cleaning gas contaminated with solid residue from combustion. The gases produced in the combustion chamber enter the separator chamber through tangentially arranged gas ducts. After flowing through the annular formed separator chamber, the gases flow around the frontal area of the central axially arranged center block before they reach the guidance components, which are sensitive to soiling. Subsequently, the hot gases exit by way of a jet. Through the effect of centrifugal forces, the contaminating particles are slung against the outer wall of the annularly slotted separator chamber and are held fast in its special profile.

Abstract: An inexpensive, disposable liner is shaped and dimensioned to conform to the hole spacings of a grid-like grating used as the floor of a paint spray booth. The liner shields the grating surfaces from airborne or spilled paint, while having holes to permit the necessary airflow through the grating. When the paint build-up on the liner significantly occludes the holes, the liner is removed and disposed of, and replaced by a clean one.

Abstract: The separating efficiency of a cyclone separator used for removing solid particles from a gas stream (for example ash particles from the combustion gas which is passed to a gas turbine) is increased by retarding the particles before they arrive at the cyclone and thereafter accelerating them over a short distance before they enter the cyclone. In this way large particles will have a lower speed than small particles when entering the cyclone. Despite a high velocity of the transport gas and a high inlet velocity for small particles, it is possible to obtain an inlet velocity for larger particles which is desirably low from the point of view of reducing erosion of the cyclone separator. The separation of fine particles is improved. The retardation of the particles may take place in a T-shaped branch pipe, which has one branch connected to the cyclone, a second branch connected to a conveying pipe and a third branch which is formed as a blind space.

Abstract: Steam turbine apparatus is disclosed as comprising first and second turbine sections having respectively an outlet opening and an inlet opening. The first or high pressure turbine section has a plenum wall adjacent its exhaust opening that collects water thereon. A crossover structure is disposed between the outlet opening and the inlet opening for transmitting a steam/water mixture to the second or low pressure turbine section. A hollow member having first and second openings at its respective ends, is associated with the first turbine section such that the first opening is sealed with respect to the outlet opening. The hollow member extends into the first turbine section and its second opening is dimensioned to shadow the outlet opening so that the hollow member captures and discharges the water contacting the adjacent plenum wall and to inhibit the steam/water mixture directed through the outlet opening from stripping and conveying the contacting water to the crossover structure.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for reducing contaminants in gases containing products of combustion. The apparatus is particularly advantageous for reducing airborne sulfur in smoke from burning coal. This enables more use of coal, including high sulfur coal, without the concomitant problem of acid rain. The apparatus includes a duct or stack forming a first passage for directing the gases away from the source of combustion. A second duct forms a second, horizontal passage through which the gases flow from the first passage. A spray head is located at an upper portion of the second passage to direct a spray of water across the passage and into contact with the gases. A drain is located in a lower portion of the second passage to collect the water and contaminants trapped therein from the gases. The water can be cleaned and reused. The apparatus can also be employed with an internal combustion engine to reduce contaminants in the exhaust gases.

Abstract: An electro-inertial precipitator unit for removing particulate contaminants from a gaseous stream passing through a collector tube having a discharge electrode coaxially disposed therein to establish an electrostatic field between the electrode and a downwardly-flowing liquid film on the inner surface of the tube. The gaseous stream is introduced tangentially into an upper inlet section of the tube to impart a swirling motion thereto, the liquid being supplied to an annular inlet slot just below the gas inlet section. Because of the centrifugal force generated by the cyclonic motion, the particles in the gaseous stream are urged to migrate toward the liquid film, this migration being further promoted by the electrostatic force acting on the particles which are charged with ions in the field. To avoid wetting of the inlet section, thereby causing dust to deposit thereon, this inlet section is provided with a hydrophobic surface in the region above the inlet slot.

Abstract: A cyclone heat exchanger particularly adapted for direct heat exchange between a granular product and hot exhaust gases from a kiln used in the production of cement, the heat exchanger comprising a housing, a gas feed pipe introducing hot gases tangentially of the housing, a cover extending across the top of the housing, a discharge at the base of the housing for discharging product therefrom. The improvement consists of an immersion pipe extending through the cover and into the housing, the immersion pipe consisting of a plurality of segments extending in the longitudinal direction of the immersion pipe. Holding devices are provided for releasably holding segments in the cover.

Abstract: An apparatus for neutralizing acidic or acid-containing pollutants in furnace flue gases comprising a flue gas duct having an inner pipe suspended therein and arranged so that the flue gases can flow both inside and outside the pipe. Preferably, the gases flow upwards around the outside of the pipe to an outlet zone. Atomizers project into the inner pipe for spraying an extremely fine suspension of a neutralizing agent in water into the flue gases flowing through the pipe. The inner pipe is formed from a plurality of longitudinal strips which are separate from each other and are suspended from their upper ends. Vibrating apparatus is provided for periodically vibrating the strips to dislodge deposits of neutralizing agent and fly ash on the inside of the pipe, thereby preventing the build-up of a permanent coating.

Abstract: A process for recycling coal fines and ash particles in the reaction effluent from a fluidized bed gasification reactor for further gasification is disclosed. Surfaces of the reactor exit pipeline, cyclone inlet pipeline and first stage cyclone are maintained at a temperature lower than that of the effluent through the use of cooling jackets, thereby preventing ash adhesion on the surfaces.

Abstract: An adjustable classifier for the separation of fluid-suspended solid particles in industrial processes and by which the relative proportion of acceptably fine and unacceptably coarse solid particles may be regulated. Adjustability is achieved in an otherwise static classifier structure in which a fluid stream of multi-sized particles is passed through a curved path, by the provision of interleaved fingers movable from a retracted inactive position against an outer boundary surface defining the curved path to an extended position into the stream to re-entrain all particles moved against the outer boundary surface back into the fluid stream. Fine particles so re-entrained will pass from the classifier and relatively coarse particles will be rejected by centrifugal action. The invention also contemplates an adjustable plate member by which the velocity of the fluid stream may be regulated independently of the aforementioned fingers.

Abstract: An improved scrubbing device suitable for use in modular paint spray booths for extracting particulate matter entrained in a gas stream. The device includes an angularly inclined flood sheet adapted to be flooded with a continuous sheet of liquid and formed with a trough having a plurality of removable venturis disposed in spaced relationship through which the gas stream passes in a manner to effect atomization of the liquid flowing therethrough for scrubbing and extracting the particulate matter in the gas stream. Each venturi can be readily removed for periodic cleaning and service as well as replacement by alternative venturi configurations to modify the scrubbing characteristics thereof consistent with changes in the type and loading of particulate matter in the gas stream thereby achieving continuous optimum operating efficiency.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing gas from drilling mud comprising a housing defining a chamber having a mud inlet at one end and a processed mud outlet and a gas outlet means at the other end. The mud outlet and the gas outlet means are spaced radially outward from the central axis of the chamber. A shaft is located within the chamber along its central axis with a plurality of angularly spaced blades attached thereto along its length. The outer ends of the blades have flexible members attached thereto. Drive means is provided for rotating the shaft and hence the blades for spinning the mud received through the inlet against the inside surface of the wall of the housing as a thin layer and moving the mud as a thin layer to the other end of the chamber for allowing the gas in the mud to separate. One or more feedback conduits are provided for facilitating control of the thickness of the mud layer on the inside surface of the wall of the housing and for preventing mud from flowing through the gas outlet means.

Abstract: A particulate separation device having a particulate outlet structure for transporting particulate from a particulate-laden gas chamber to a main housing particulate outlet so as not to pass through individual cyclone separator units in said separation device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a scrubber for cleaning dust-loaded gas and/or steam. The scrubber is provided with an inlet for the gas and/or steam and an outlet. One or more nozzles are arranged within the scrubber for atomizing washing liquid over the cross-section of the scrubber. The scrubber further includes a scraping device located rotatably in the inlet, which scraping device consists of a plurality of rods in parallel with the axial direction of the inlet.

Abstract: Hydrocyclone for dividing a substance mix into an acceptable fraction and a reject fraction containing dirt substances, the hydrocyclone including a separating chamber, which in part consists of a cylinder part, provided with at least one tangential feed connector for the substance mix and with a coaxial exit tube for the acceptable fraction, and which in part consists of a sorter cone on the extension of the cylinder part, having at its apex an exit aperture for the reject fraction.

Abstract: A particulate separator of the concurrent flow type includes an inner cylinder mounted concentrically within a tapered conical outer cylinder which is closed at the outer return end. A fan unit is secured within the return end of the outer cylinder to draw air inwardly through the center cylinder, impart a centrifugal force thereon and imparting a tangential spin to the air moving outwardly and then rearwardly and back through the outer conical cylinder. The particulate matter within the fluid moves outwardly to the periphery of the outer cylinder as a result of centrifugal forces. The tangential spin imparted to the air cause the air to move in spiral return path with the conical cylinder establishing a decreasing cross section.

Abstract: A multi-cyclone particulate separation device having a particulate-laden gas structure and a clean gas structure mounted longitudinally within a main housing chamber. A particulate transfer means is mounted at the bottom of the particulate-laden gas structure to transfer particulate from the particulate-laden gas structure outwardly of the main vessel housing prior to separation by the cyclone separators. Mount means for the high-temperature, high-pressure environment are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for removing dust and noxious materials from flue gases within a tall chimney through which the dust can be collected efficiently without increasing the operating cost of the boiler. A spraying device assembly is adapted to be mounted in a vertical portion of a chimney so as to save space.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and method for rapidly separating particulate solids from a mixed phase solids-gas stream which may be at velocities up to 150 ft./sec. and at high temperature. Specifically, the device is designed for incorporation at the discharge of solid-gas reacting systems having low residence time requirements and carried out in tubular type reactors. Separation is effected by projecting solids by centrifugal force against a bed of solids as the gas phase makes a 180.degree. directional change, said solids changing direction only 90.degree. relative to the incoming stream.

Abstract: The inlet and primary impingement surfaces of a particle separator used in a gas turbine engine are coated with a composition consisting substantially of cellulose nitrate.

Abstract: A power recovery separator for processing huge volumes of high temperature pressurized dirty gas en route to a high temperature gas expander. The separator has a single housing sub-divided into overhead, inlet and underflow chambers by a pair of flanged and dished heads of erosion and heat resistant material having a higher coefficient of expansion than the housing material. A multiplicity of inertial separators are supported in parallel between the dished heads and secured to only one thereof. At least portions of the head flanges bear radially against the interior of the housing sidewalls and their rim edges are welded to the housing and, in consequence, expansion of the head serves, in part, to augment the bulge and, in part, to place the high strength housing wall in hoop tension without subjecting the welding to rupture stresses.

Abstract: A method for cleaning sinter plant gas emissions using a wet electrostatic precipitator system having separate recirculating wash liquor loops for the high voltage precipitator section and the pre-scrubber section. The system is operated with acidic washing liquor to avoid scaling and deposition of solids within the system.

Abstract: Jet engines can function properly even in conditions where liquid droplets are taken in by the compressor of the engine. However, where the droplets contain corrosive substances such as salts, damage can accrue not only through corrosion, but through build up of deposits spoiling the aerodynamic flow of air and gas through the engine. The risk of this ocurring is reduced by placing a vaned vortex generator in the intake and including on the flanks of its vanes, grooves which collect the droplets into coalesced streams and directs them to an area adjacent the intake wall. A flow splitter provides an annular, secondary outlet to dump the concentrated fluids.

Abstract: In paper-making operations and the like, fibers of wood are frequently transported through piping as an entrainment in steam. An apparatus is disclosed for separating such entrainment and removing the fibers at one station and the steam at another station. Rotating blades give the entrainment a circular or rotating action whereby the heavier fibers move outwardly by centrifugal force to contact the wall from which the blades scrape the fibers and hurl them to discharge. The fiber-free steam is removed along an axial line perpendicular to the direction of movement of the separated fibers under the influence of a second set of blades.

Abstract: A cyclone vortex type air cleaner and particulate concentrator is provided having greatly improved air cleaning efficiency as the dirty gas stream is subjected to two distinct skimming operations; one between the gas inlet scroll and the outlet tube and the other at the exit from the gas discharge scroll. The invention may further include means for increasing agglomeration of the particulate by increasing centrifugal separation in an inlet scroll, an outlet scroll and in the outlet tube from the shell or body of the cyclone.

Abstract: A processing apparatus for compressed air comprises a body defining inlet and outlet passages leading to a bowl supported by the body. The bowl is of composite construction comprising a flexible inner bowl and a high impact strength outer bowl formed from polycarbonate for protecting the internal bowl from external damage. The inner bowl has an annular flange trapped between the outer bowl and the body to form a gas-tight seal between them, and is formed from a material which will protect the outer bowl from solvent and/or chemical attack. The outer bowl has a small vent to atmosphere to allow controlled venting of the compressed air in the event of inner bowl failure without allowing fragments from the inner bowl to pass through the vent. Both bowls are made of translucent or transparent materials so that the contents of the inner bowl can clearly be seen.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating solid particles from vapor which in one embodiment employs at least one zone defined by at least two generally vertical and at least two generally horizontal vanes and in another embodiment optionally employs at least one vane to inhibit turbulence in a lower portion of this apparatus to aid the settling of particles within a particle outlet means.This apparatus is particularly suited to at least partially separating solid particles from a mixture of vapors and solid particles which arise either when restoring the catalytic activity of solid particles that had previously been used to promote a chemical conversion or when carrying out a chemical conversion, such as for example hydrocarbon cracking or reforming.Improved methods employing such apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides improvements in vortex separators for separating the rejects from the accepts in a particle-laden fluid, the separator including, in preferred embodiments, a replaceable inner wall lining minimizing maintenance costs while raising separating efficiency, and in addition, includes means for submitting the rejects to a size reduction process, an elutriation process, a dilution process, and a throttling process, all in one compact unit.

Abstract: An air inlet grille for an engine compartment of a military ground vehicle sed in dusty atmospheres, e.g. the desert. The grille comprises a number of relatively thick air-guiding louvers of sinuous shape, each louver being relatively thick in the transverse direction so that the grille has ballistic properties, i.e. the ability to deflect or intercept enemy projectiles directed toward the engine disposed behind the grille. Each louver includes or contains a dust removal mechanism immediately downstream from each air-turn surface on the louver, whereby the grille is enabled to clean the dust-laden air, thereby preventing ambient dust from coating the engine and/or the air passages of engine coolers and radiators.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved heat exchanger gas outlet tube in a cyclone separator. The apparatus is adapted for use with highly corrosive halide-containing gas-solids suspensions at elevated temperatures.In accordance with this invention, a flanged, hollow nickel alloy gas outlet tube is provided with multiple inlets and outlets arranged circumferentially around a portion of the gas outlet tube. A hollow passage contained within said gas outlet tube is provided with a pair of partial longitudinal baffles positioned in such a manner that cooling air or other compatible cooling fluid may flow within the passage and be caused to flow longitudinally down the length of the tube, in one portion of the passage, before passing below the partial baffles and the flow back upwardly through the other portion of the passage.

Abstract: An improved scrubber tower is provided for removing pollutants from hot, corrosive off-gases from chemical processes, such as processes for the production of titanium dioxide pigments. The tower is formed from wood strip baffles treated with fire resistant chemicals arranged in alternate layers extending perpendicularly to each other and secured with titanium fasteners and enclosed in fiber glass walls, the flow passages through the tower being of large cross sectional area relative to the cubic feet of off-gas scrubbed per unit of time as to maintain a relatively low off-gas velocity upwardly through the tower, substantially the same as the velocity that would be present under natural draft conditions, and at low pressures, only slightly above ambient air pressure.

Abstract: A cooling device for use in the quenching of combustion gases containing hydrogen chloride. The device is an elongated steel vessel with angularly spaced openings to receive nozzles for the injection of a quenching liquid. The vessel contains a hard rubber layer extending over its inner surface and an acid-resistant ceramic lining within the hard rubber layer.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is an electrostatic precipitator for removal of corrosive particles from a corrosive laden gas passing therethrough. The electrostatic precipitator comprises a shell having a corrosive resistant lining secured thereto. A corrosive resistant support plate is secured to the shell of the precipitator and first and second sets of juxtaposed corrosive resistant collector electrode tubes are suspended from the support plate. A corrosive resistant top support grid is spaced above the support plate and insulated from the shell and a corrosive resistant bottom guide grid is spaced below the first and second sets of collector electrode tubes. A plurality of corrosive resistant discharge wires are secured between the top support grid and the bottom guide grid and pass substantially through the center of the tubes in the first set.

Abstract: A liquid spray-type stack gas clarifier is adapted to be mounted within existing stacks and supported therein from the top of the stack structure. Means are provided for maintaining gas flow velocity within the stack to compensate for pressure changes resulting from the cooling effect of the liquid spray curtain discharged into the stack to entrain and absorb particulate and gaseous pollutants from the stack gas. The spray liquid and absorbed pollutants are collected within and drained from the stack, and means may be provided for shielding existing stack structure from adverse effects of the scrubbing liquid.

Abstract: A cyclone separator having heat dissipating and structural re-inforcing means. The cyclone separator has a gas outlet tube passing through the top of the separator shell and extending into the cyclone body. In order to prevent high temperature build-up the connection of the outlet gas tube with the shell is specially designed in order that heat contact be with only one side of the outlet gas tube wall. The gas outlet tube has a lower portion extending into the top portion of the separator shell and is connected to an inverted frusto-conical upwardly diverging wall. This wall is also connected to the top wall of the cyclone separator. This structure provides an annular space to dissipate heat from high temperature gases which would otherwise in conventional structures contact both sides of the wall of the gas outlet tube and break down or liquify the metallic structure.