Abstract: A method of producing coenzyme Q10 includes contacting an extract from a coenzyme Q10-producing microorganism with an adsorbent (A) such that the adsorbent (A) adsorbs a component of the extract other than coenzyme Q10, and that coenzyme Q10 is obtained. The adsorbent (A) includes aluminum silicate at a content of 50% or more.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method of making vitamin K1. The mentioned method of making vitamin K1 comprises performing a first one-pot synthesis with base catalyst, performing a first hydrolysis, performing a substitution, and performing a second one-pot synthesis without metal oxidant. The starting material of this invention is stable 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Preferably, this invention provides a method of making vitamin K1 efficiently on simplifying the operation and decreasing the side-product. More preferably, without metal residue, the vitamin K1 of this invention is without metal residue and more safety for clinical application.

Abstract: The description provides processes for the regio and stereospecific synthesis of polyprenylatedquinone derivatives, such as Vitamin K1, K2 and Ubiquinone, exploiting dithioacetals, especially 1,3-dithiane, mediated Umpolung chemistry which works along a new concept “Inhibiting resonance delocalization (IRD)” to overcome isomerization generated due to delocalization of allyliccarbanion on the ?-electron cloud of an allylic systems by the conventional synthesis.

Abstract: The disclosure provides compounds and methods of using Apogossypolone derivatives for treating diseases and disorders. In particular, the disclosure provides compounds of Formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or solvate thereof, and provides methods for the preparation of compounds of Formula I; and methods for treating cancer, autoimmune diseases, and inflammation by administering a compound of Formula I.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nitric oxide donor compounds having a quinone based structure, to processes for their preparation and to their use in the treatment of pathological conditions where a deficit of NO plays an important role in their pathogenesis.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for producing 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone by oxidizing 2-methylnaphthalene with fresh hydrogen peroxide in the presence of glacial acetic acid without any mineral or transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the production of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and its bisulfite adducts, comprising the following steps: a) oxidizing 2-methyl-naphthalene (2-MNA) to achieve an organic phase containing 2-methyl-naphthoquinone (2-MNQ) and 6-methyl-naphthoquinone (6-MNQ); b) subjecting said organic phase to treatment with an aqueous solution of a bisulfite salt to extract preferentially the 6-MNQ isomer from the organic phase; c) separating said organic phase from the aqueous phase; d) subjecting the organic phase of process step c) to a second bisulfitation step with an aqueous solution of a bisulfite salt, resulting in an organic phase containing 2-MNA and trace amounts of 2-MNQ and an aqueous phase containing 2-MSB and trace amounts of 6-MSB; e) optionally removing interfering bisulfite ions from the aqueous phase of process step c); f) raising the pH of the aqueous phase from step c) or e) to higher than 8.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and systems for identifying one or more cofactors such as vitamins for individuals based on the genetic makeup of the individual by detecting the presence or absence of at least one genetic variant, determining a predisposition to cofactor remediable condition, generating a personalized nutritional advice plan based on the genetic variant. Also provided herein are formulations of cofactors determined by the genetic make-up of the individual and methods of determining and producing these formulations.

Abstract: According to the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3 and n have meanings given in the description, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate, salt or prodrug thereof for use as an anticoagulant.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a phenanthrene derivative having the following structure: wherein Ar1 and Ar2 independently are phenyl, nathphyl, heterocyclic group, polycyclic aromatic or polycyclic heterocyclic group with at least one conjugated substituent. The conjugated substituent can be an electron withdrawing group or electron donating group. The phenanthrene derivatives have semiconductor properties of electron transfer, electroluminescence (EL), and photoluminescence (PL). Intermolecular stacking can be avoided and electron-luminescent emission stability is enhanced when the derivatives are applied as a light-emitting material in organic EL devices due to the presence of the two stereo cyclopentane rings, such as a host compound or a dopant emitting blue light.

Abstract: Novel crystalline forms of anti Pneumocystis carinii compound (2-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) commonly known as Atovaquone and methods for producing the same is disclosed herein. This also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the said polymorphs of Atovaquone and method of treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, the method comprising administering to a warm blooded animal an effective amount of a product-by-process composition of matter comprising polymorphic forms of Atovaquone.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of targeting a drug to areas of hypoxic and/or ischemic tissue within the body in which the desired drug species is linked to a non-cytotoxic bioreductive carrier. Also provided by the invention are novel bioreductive conjugates comprising a non-cytotoxic bioreductive moiety with linked-thereto at least one therapeutic agent. The compounds of the invention are particularly suitable for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritic conditions, diabetes, atherosclerosis, stroke, sepsis, Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders, cancer, kidney disease, digestive diseases, liver disease, chronic periodontitis or ischemia following tissue transplantation.

Abstract: A method for producing menatetrenone that does not have a deleterious influence on the environment, that is safe even when applied to large-scale production, and that is also simple to operate, wherein a compound represented by the following formula (1) is produced by treating with an oxygen source, and without the addition of an additive other than water or aqueous sodium chloride solution, a reaction solution consisting essentially of a solution of a compound represented by the following formula (2) dissolved in a solvent:

Abstract: A naphthoquinone derivative is utilized in an electrophotographic photoreceptor as an electron-transporting material. The electrophotographic photoreceptor is improved in terms of solubility in an organic solvent, compatibility with a binder resin, and electron transport capability.

Abstract: A phenanthrene compound represented by the formula (I): in which, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are identical or different and may each be hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, or a conjugated group. The phenanthrene compound has a polycyclic structure and semiconductor properties including electron transfer, electroluminescence, and photoluminescence.

Abstract: This invention provides analogs of triptycene which are useful as anticancer drugs, as well as for other uses. The potency of these compounds is in a similar magnitude as daunomycin, a currently used anticancer drug. Each compound of the invention produces one or more desired effects (blocking nucleoside transport, inhibiting nucleic acid or protein syntheses, decreasing the proliferation and viability of cancer cells, inducing DNA fragmentation or retaining their effectiveness against multidrug-resistant tumor cells).

Abstract: A naphthoquinone derivative is utilized in an electrophotographic photoreceptor as an electron-transporting material. The electrophotographic photoreceptor is improved in terms of solubility in an organic solvent, compatibility with a binder resin, and electron transport capability.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the preparation of 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone by oxidizing 2-methylnaphthalene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of acetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a naphthoquinone derivative of the formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 alkyl group, and the electrophotosensitive material comprises a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains the naphthoquinone derivative (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds of the formula R1aRebOc.Ld  (I), in which and the total of a, b and c is such as to comply with the pentavalency or heptavalency of rhenium, with the proviso that c is not larger than 3×b, and in which R1 is absent or identical or different, and is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl radical having 7 to 9 carbon atoms, it being possible for the R1 radicals where appropriate to be substituted identically or differently, independently of one another, as catalysts for oxidizing electron-rich aromatic compounds and their derivatives, the catalysts being employed in a peroxide-containing solution in the presence of an anhydride of a carboxylic acid and/or of a dehydrating agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain naphthoquinone derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## or a salt thereof, in which m, n, R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 are as defined in the description; processes for their preparation; compositions containing such compounds and their use as a pesticide, such as a fungicide and, especially, an insecticide or an acaricide.

Abstract: Multiple micro-encapsulations of a high concentration oleophilic substance using heat to set the primary particle renders the composition suitable for the production of free-flowing powders or beadlets. Microencapsulation involves forming an emulsion out of the oleophilic substance and a polymer, and then use heat setting and/or cross-linking the polymer encapsulates the oleophilic composition. This process is then repeated with a second polymer or third polymer, and with or without cross-linked via the same or different mechanism to further protect the oleophilic substance.

Abstract: A nitro group-containing naphthoquinone derivative represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having a nitro group, and a ring A may be substituted with a substituent.This compound is a novel substance and is useful as an electron-transporting agent for an electrophotosensitive material. The electrophotosensitive material using the electron-transporting agent is highly sensitive, exhibits favorable repetitive properties, and makes it possible to favorably form images for extended periods of time.

Abstract: Multiple micro-encapsulations of a high concentration oleophilic substance using heat to set the primary particle renders the composition suitable for the production of free-flowing powders or beadlets. Microencapsulation involves forming an emulsion out of the oleophilic substance and a polymer, and then use heat setting and/or cross-linking the polymer encapsulates the oleophilic composition. This process is then repeated with a second polymer or third polymer, and with or without cross-linked via the same or different mechanism to further protect the oleophilic substance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a naphthoquinone derivative represented by the general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an aryl group which may have a substituent; and R.sup.2 represents an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to certain naphthoquinone derivatives, some of which are novel, of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl or an ethanoyloxy group; methods for their preparation; compositions containing such compounds and their use as pesticides, such as fungicides and, especially, insecticides and acaricides. Compounds of formula I may be derived from plants of the genus Calceolaria and the invention therefore also relates to extracts of a Calceolaria species and their use as pesticides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar represents an optionally substituted aromatic group; Q represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group; R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, cyano, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, a group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sub.4 independently represent hydrogen, acyl or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 jointly form a ring, or acyl; R.sup.2 represents acyl; ......... represents a single bond or a double bond; m represents 1 or 2 or a salt, a process of producing thereof and an anti-neurodegenerative composition.

Abstract: Terpene-quinone with antitumor activity defined from a cyclocondensation reaction of Diels-Alder, used to obtain families or series of said compounds having a new structure and presenting a cytotoxic activity to cellular cultures P-388, A-549, HT-29 and MEL-28, with levels of IC.sub.50 lower than 1 microgram per unit of milliliter.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of vitamin K.sub.1 by the oxidation of an alkali metal salt of dihydrovitamin K.sub.1 with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an iron (III) salt at a pH of 13.7 to 14.3. The dihydrovitamin K.sub.1 alkali metal salt is produced by the saponification of a dihydrovitamin K.sub.1 diester with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Conveniently, the oxidation process follows the saponification of dihydrovitamin K.sub.1 without isolation of the product of the saponification reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds of the formulaRe.sub.a O.sub.b X.sub.c L.sub.d, (I)in whichX=F, Cl, Br, I or OH,L=Lewis base,a=an integer 1, 2 or 3b=zero or an integer from 2 to 9,c=zero or an integer from 1 to 9,d=zero or an integer from 1 to 6,and the sum of a, b and c is such that it is appropriate to the zerovalency or trivalency to heptovalency of the rhenium with the proviso that if b is not equal to zero, b.gtoreq.2.multidot.a, as catalysts for the oxidation of electron-rich aromatic compounds and derivatives thereof and a process for the oxidation of electron-rich aromatic compounds, in which electron-rich C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 aryl compounds and derivatives thereof are oxidized in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst of the formula (I) and of a peroxide-containing compound.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a quinone derivative represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical with or different from each other and mean individually a lower alkyl or lower alkoxy group, or may form an aromatic ring together, R.sup.3 denotes a lower alkyl group, n stands for 0 or an integer of 1-9, and a linkage --- is a single or double bond, such as a vitamin K derivative or coenzyme derivative; and a process for the preparation of the quinone derivative at a high yield without forming any geometric isomer; as well as a 1,4,4.sub.a,8.sub.a -tetrahydro-4.sub.a .alpha.-alkenyl-1.alpha.,4.alpha.-methanonaphthalene-5,8-dione derivative which is useful as an intermediate for the preparation of the quinone derivative.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a quinone derivative represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical with or different from each other and mean individually a lower alkyl or lower alkoxy group, or may form an aromatic ring together, R.sup.3 denotes a lower alkyl group, n stands for 0 or an integer of 1-9, and a linkage--is a single or double bond, such as a vitamin K derivative or coenzyme Q derivative; and a process for the preparation of the quinone derivative at a high yield without forming any geometric isomer; as well as a 1,4,4.sub.a,8.sub.a -tetrahydro-4.sub.a .alpha.-alkenyl-1.alpha.,4.alpha.-methanonaphthalene-5,8-dione derivative which is useful as an intermediate for the preparation of the quinone derivative.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone characterized by reaction between 2-methylnaphthalene and hydrogen peroxide and/or an organic peracid in a solvent comprising a carboxylic acid in the presence of a palladium compound and sulfuric acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to intermediates useful for the preparation of vitamin K derivatives.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a quinone derivative represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein E.sup.1 and E.sup.2 are identical with or different from each other and mean individually a lower alkyl or lower alkoxy group, or may form an aromatic ring together, E.sup.3 denotes a lower alkyl group, n stands for 0 or an integer of 1-9, and a linkage ------ is a single or double bond, such as a vitamin K derivative or coenzyme Q derivative; and a process for the preparation of the quinone derivative at a high yield without forming any geometric isomer; as well as a 1,4,4.sub.a,8.sub.a -tetrahydro-4.sub.a .alpha.-alkenyl-1.alpha.,4.alpha.-methanonaphthalene-5,8-dione derivative which is useful as an intermediate for the preparation of the quinone derivative.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a naphthoquinone derivative represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 means a hydrogen atom or methyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or methyl group, n stands for 0 or an integer of 1-9, and a linkage is a single bond or double bond with the proviso that if n is an integer of 2-9, the linkages may be identical with or different optionally from each other, such as a vitamin K derivative; and a process for producing the naphthoquinone derivative at a high yield without forming any geometric isomer; as well as 1,4,4.sub.a,5,8,9.sub.a -hexahydro-4.sub.a .alpha.-alkenyl-1.alpha.,4.alpha.-methanoanthraquinone derivatives and 1,4,4.sub.a,5,8,9.sub.a -hexahydro-1.alpha.,4.alpha.-methanoanthraquinone derivatives which are useful as intermediates for the preparation of the naphthoquinone derivatives.

Abstract: Quinone- and hydroquinone-containing cyclic enediyneols and enediyneones having 10-carbon atoms in the enediyne-containing ring that cleave DNA are disclosed, as are methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: Certain reducible compounds are useful in analytical compositions, elements and methods, for example for the detection of bacterial cells. These compounds comprise a moiety which provides an aniline dye upon reduction. Structurally, the reducible compounds are quinones having suitable substituents which promote varying amounts of aniline dye release at physiological pH.

Abstract: Novel phenanthrene derivatives represented by the general formula (1), ##STR1## wherein the group of the formula ##STR2## is a group of the formula ##STR3## (wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group), a group of the formula ##STR4## (wherein R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkanoyl group) or a group of the formula ##STR5## (wherein R.sup.2 is the same as defined above), and salts thereof, and other compounds derived therefrom and salts thereof; processes for preparing the same; and interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitors containing the abovementioned novel phenanthrene derivatives as to the active ingredient(s).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the treatment of diseases caused by invading organisms in a host by first identifying an enzymatic difference between the host and the invading organism and then administering to the host a pharmaceutically effective amount of a subversive substrate for the differing enzyme of the invading organism, whereby the action of the differing enzyme causes a result counter to the intended result and function of the enzyme that results in its debilitation or death. In particular, treatment of parasitic diseases caused by kinetoplastids including trypanosomes and leishmanias, e.g., African sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease, oriental sore and kala-azar is accomplished by administration of a pharmaceutically effective antiparasitic amount of a competitive toxigenic substrate for trypanothione reductase. Methods of treatment and compositions therefor contain a competitive toxigenic substrate for trypanothione reductase. Numerous compounds and corresponding compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of quinones by the catalytic oxidation of aromatic diols with a peroxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of certain cerium carboxylate salts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of quinones by the catalytic oxidation of aromatic diols with a peroxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a cerium carboxylate and a cupric carboxylate.

Abstract: Novel antiprotozoal naphthoquinones having the general formula ##STR1## (wherein either R.sup.1 is hydrogen and R.sup.2 is selected from C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, aralkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl-C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, phenyl substituted by one or two groups selected from halogen and C.sub.1-6 alkyl, halogen and perhalo-C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are both C.sub.1-6 alkyl or phenyl; and n is 0 or 1) and salt thereof. The compounds of formula (I) are useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of protozoal diseases including malaria, theileriosis and coccidiosis. Various processes for preparing compounds of formula (I) are described.

Abstract: A method of combating agricultural pests comprising applying a pesticidally effective amount of a substituted 1,4-naphthoquinone on agricultural pests and/or their environment, said 1,4-naphthoquinone being of the formula ##STR1## in which n represents the number zero or a number from 1 to 12,R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, or represents an unsubstituted or substituted radical R selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aralkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulphonyl and arylsulphonyl, andR.sup.2 represents halogenoalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl or substituted cycloalkyl.A substituted 1,4-naphthoquinone of the formula ##STR2## in which m represents the number 0 or a number from 1 to 12,A.sup.1 represents hydrogen, methyl, benzyl, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, benzenesulphonyl or toluenesulphonyl andA.sup.2 represents trifluoromethyl, 3-trifluoromethylcyclohexyl, 3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl, 4-trimethylsilyl-cyclohexyl or 4-trifluoromethylthiophenyl, with the proviso that m is other than 0 and 2 if A.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the treatment of diseases caused by invading organisms in a host by first identifying an enzymatic difference between the host and the invading organism and then administering to the host a pharmaceutically effective amount of a subversive substrate for the differing enzyme of the invading organism, whereby the action of the differing enzyme causes a result counter to the intended result and function of the enzyme that results in its debilitation or death. In particular, treatment of parasitic diseases caused by kinetoplastids including trypanosomes and leishmanias, e.g., African sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease, oriental sore and kala-azar is accomplished by administration of a pharmaceutically effective antiparasitic amount of a competitive toxigenic substrate for trypanothione reductase. Methods of treatment and compositions therefor contain a competitive toxigenic substrate for trypanothione reductase. Numerous compounds and corresponding compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of combating agricultural pest comprising applying a pesticidally effective amount of a substituted 1,4-naphthoquinone on agricultural pests and/or their environment, said 1,4-naphthoquinone being of the formula ##STR1## in which n represents the number zero or a number from 1 to 12,R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, t-butylcarbonyl or acetyl andR.sup.2 represents phenyl which is substituted by bromine, fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylsulphenyl, trifluoromethylsulphonyl or trimethylsilyl or cyclohexyl which is substituted by methyl, trifluoromethyl or trimethylsilyl orR.sup.2 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl which is substituted by fluorine, chlorine or bromine.

Abstract: An improved process for producing 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone with a high yield comprising reaction of a 1-lower-alkoxy-2-methyl naphthalene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a hexacyanoferric acid or a salt thereof as catalyst. This process does not employ hazardous chromium compounds unlike conventional methods.

Abstract: The compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, methyl or hydroxymethyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methoxy, R.sub.3 is hydroxy or methoxy, and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or a group ##STR2## is novel, and the compound is of use as inhibitors of animal tissue fibrosis, or biochemical reagents.