Abstract: A composition and processes for the reduction of the tendency to baking, moisture absorption and/or dust formation of a granulate being susceptible therefore, such as fertilizers, minerals, ores, as well as to obtain stable coloring dispersions, density control of cokes and the reduction of foam in industrial processes, wherein synthetic polymers of fatty alkyl compounds, especially fatty acid esters and fatty-alcohols, fatty amines, fatty amides and fatty ethers, or distillation residues of the original monomers themselves, can be used, are disclosed. The distillation residues are preferably derived from the bottom fraction, obtained by distillation of the fraction being suitable as biodiesel during the biodiesel production process.

Abstract: A process for producing triglycerides comprises: (a) subjecting a first triglyceride comprising at least 40% by moles of oleic acid residues, based on total acyl groups in the triglyceride, to a reaction with stearic acid, at least one ester of stearic acid or a mixture thereof, to obtain a composition comprising 1,3-distearoyl 2-oleoyl glyceride and trioleoyl glyceride; (b) treating the composition to form a first fraction having an increased amount by weight of oleoyl groups compared to said composition and a second fraction having an increased amount by weight of stearoyl groups compared to said composition; (c) hydrolysing the first fraction to form oleic acid; and (d) reacting said oleic acid or an ester thereof with a triglyceride comprising at least 50% by moles of palmitic acid residues, based on total acyl groups, to form a composition comprising 1,3-dioleoyl 2-palmitoyl glyceride.

Abstract: The present application relates to compositions and the treatment of skin disorders, dry skin, protection of skin in inflammatory events and neurological disorders. The present application more particularly discloses the identification of new genes and metabolic pathways involved in skin disorders, which provide novel targets and approaches for treating said disorders and for screening biologically active compounds. The present invention also provides various products and constructs, such as probes, primers, vectors, recombinant cells, which can be used to implement the above methods. The invention may be used to detect or treat various skin disorders, particularly dry and inflammatory skin disorders and neurological disorders, in various subjects, including mammalian subjects, particularly human beings.

Abstract: Use of polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives as medicaments or functional foods. The present invention relates to the use of 1,2-fatty acid derivatives in the treatment or prevention of common diseases whose etiology is based on alterations (of any type) of the cell membrane lipids, for example, changes in levels, in the composition or in the structure of these lipids. In addition, for diseases in which the regulation of lipid composition and of the structure of the membranes (or proteins that interact with membranes) causes the reversion of pathological state.

Abstract: A new compound that comprises a branched ester based primarily on renewable resources preferably has good friction properties, a low pour point; acceptable viscosity, and good thermal oxidative stability and is useful as a functional fluid such as a lubricant. The branched ester is a double ester of a polyhydric alcohol having at least two active hydrogen groups separated by at least one carbon atom, wherein each hydroxyl group of the polyhydric alcohol is esterified with one monobasic secondary hydroxy fatty acid group and each hydroxyl of a fatty acid is esterified with one alkyl or cycloalkyl monobasic carboxylic acid group that has from 2 to 22 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a commercial process for the production of refined palm oil rich in natural carotene. The process for the production of natural carotene rich refined oil comprises the steps of: (i) fractionating crude palm oil to form a liquid fraction and a solid portion; (ii) separating the liquid fraction from the solid portion; (iii) degumming the liquid fraction; (iv) neutralizing the degummed liquid fraction to substantially remove free tatty acids and impurities; (v) washing off the soap resulting from the neutralization step; and (vi) deodorizing the neutralized the product of step (v) to remove remaining free fatty acids and other impurities contained therein, thus forming a refined palm oil that contains less than 0.1% free fatty acid, has a carotene content retained of about 75%, an iodine value of less than 60 and a peroxide value of zero.

Abstract: Solvent-less methods to convert oil derivatives, and modified oils to highly functionalized esters, ester polyols, amides, and amide polyols. The products can be used to make polyurethane and polyester films and foams.

Abstract: Salts and/or co-crystals of (+)-3-[2-(dimethylamino)-methyl-1-hydroxycyclohexyl]-phenol or of (?)-3-[2-(dimethylamino)methyl-1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]phenol, present in crystalline form, with cinnamic acid, C8- to C10-alkane-monocarboxylic acids, C6- to C10-alkanedicarboxylic acids, C15- to C17-alkane-monocarboxylic acids, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, hippuric acid and/or embonic acid, a process for their production, and the use of such salts and/or co-crystals as medicaments.

Abstract: The invention relates to trans carotenoid compounds and salts thereof as well as compositions thereof, methods for making them, and uses thereof. These compounds are useful in improving diffusivity of oxygen between red blood cells and body tissues in mammals including humans.

Abstract: The present invention concerns polymeric material containing at least an embedded insecticidally active ingredient and an additive, which are released at room temperature. It similarly concerns materials produced from this polymer, for example in the form of self-supporting film/sheet, threads, wovens, fabrics, textiles, nets, curtains and pellets. The invention further concerns processes for producing such polymeric material and also the use of the self-supporting film/sheet, threads, wovens, fabrics, textiles and nets and curtains produced from the material for protecting humans, animals and plants and buildings, machines and packaging against arthropods, particularly for controlling insects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing a fluid concentrated ingredient based on crystals based on a fatty acid ester, and also to the use of this fluid concentrated ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the use for preventing or treating intestinal infections caused by gram-positive bacteria in animals of an antibacterial compound selected from lactylate in accordance with formula 1, Formula 1 R2 -COO—[—CH(CH3)—COO]n—R1 or a Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe(II), Zn, NH4, or Cu(II) salt thereof, a glycolylate of formula 2, Formula 2: R2-COO—[—CH2-COO]n—R1 or a Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe(II), Zn, NH4, or Cu(II) salt thereof, a lactate ester of formula 3, Formula 3: HO—CH(CH3)—COO—R2 and/or a glycolic acid ester of formula 4, Formula 4: HO—CH2-COO—R2 wherein R1 is selected from H, n stands for an integer with a value of 1-10, and R2 stands for a C1-C35 alkyl or alkenyl chain which may be branched or unbranched. The compound, which preferably is a lactylate or a Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe(II), Zn, NH4, or Cu(II) salt thereof, is particularly useful in the treatment or prevention of Clostridia. An animal nutrition composition and a method for preventing or treating infections are also claimed.

Abstract: The subject application provides an aqueous composition suitable for use as an artificial tear solution comprising one or more lipids produced by an enzyme of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) family and/or the acyl-CoA cholesterol acytransferase (ACAT) family. This invention also provides related methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical agent having high safety and a neurotrophic factor-like activity, which contains, as an active ingredient, any one compound included in fatty acids each having 8 carbon atoms (C8) or having 10 carbon atoms (C10) to 12 carbon atoms (C12) or fatty acid esters thereof, such as 3,7-dimethyloctanoic acid ethyl ester, geranic acid ethyl ester, and the like, each of which has 8 carbon atoms (C8), decanoic acid methyl ester, trans-2-decenoic acid, trans-2-decenoic acid methyl ester, trans-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester, trans-2-decenoic acid-2-decenyl ester, trans-2-decenoic acid cyclohexyl ester, trans-2-decenoic acid isopropyl ester, trans-3-decenoic acid methyl ester, trans-9-decenoic acid methyl ester, and the like, each of which has 10 carbon atoms (C10), trans-10-undecenoic acid methyl ester, trans-10-undecenoic acid ethyl ester, and the like, each of which has 11 carbon atoms (C11), and dodecanoic acid, and the like, each of which has 12 carbon atoms (C12), or salts

Abstract: The present invention is related to the use of novel agents effective for differential killing of abnormal cells such as cancer cells without damaging or being toxic to normal cells. Further these agents may be used for treating a host of ailments including various types of cancers, skin diseases, prevention and reversal of ageing process, prevention of inflammatory reactions, cure of bacterial infections, cure of fungal infections, etc. The agents are prepared by air oxidation of natural oils optionally in the presence of a catalyst wherein the isolated agents have Iodine value 40-60% of the starting oil, Saponification value 20-60 higher than that of the starting oil, Peroxide value 2-3 times that of the starting oil. These agents on saponification and acidification yield free fatty acids and ether linked fatty acid dimmer wherein the dimmer also acts as an active.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for decreasing the amount of environmental pollutants in a mixture comprising a fat or an oil, being edible or for use in cosmetics, the fat or oil containing the environmental pollutants, which process comprises the steps of adding a volatile working fluid to the mixture, where the volatile working fluid comprises at least one of a fatty acid ester, a fatty acid amid, a free fatty acid and a hydro-carbon, and subjecting the mixture with the added volatile working fluid to at least one stripping processing step, in which an amount of environmental pollutant present in the fat or oil, being edible or for use in cosmetics, is separated from the mixture together with the volatile working fluid. The present invention also relates to a volatile environmental pollutants decreasing working fluid, for use in decreasing an amount of environmental pollutants present in a fat or oil, being edible or for use in cosmetics.

Abstract: Polyester oil structurants are obtainable by the reaction of a dimer based dicarboxylic acid, a polyol and a C16 to C30, particularly a C20 to C24, monocarboxylic fatty acid. The structurants can be used to provide structure, particularly thickening and/or gelling, in oils of a wide range of polarity. Thickened oils can find application in a range of personal care and other applications.

Abstract: A lubricant from plant and/or animal oils and fats; a method for producing a lubricating oil, and the oil produced thereby. The lubricant comprises a diester produced by epoxidising an animal or plant fat or oil having an iodine number above about 7 and reacting the epoxidised oil or fat with a carboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of a basic catalyst.

Abstract: A novel composition and methods of its use and preparation of polybasic metal carboxylate complexes having the general formula: (A)2M.nD(OH)2.xH2O.m(B)2N wherein: A is an organic fatty acid and is selected from the group consisting of saturated C12-24 carboxylic acids, unsaturated C12-24 carboxylic acids, aromatic C12-24 carboxylic acids, alicyclic C12-24 carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acid derivatives thereof, anhydride derivatives thereof and blends thereof, preferably stearate; M is a divalent metal cation, preferably calcium; n is a fractional or whole number from about 1 to about 10 inclusive; D is an alkali earth metal, preferably calcium; x is a fractional or whole number from about 0 to about 3 inclusive; N is a divalent metal cation other than calcium, preferably zinc; and m is a fractional or whole number from 0 to about 1.

Abstract: A process for producing triglycerides comprises: (a) subjecting a first triglyceride comprising at least 40% by moles of oleic acid residues, based on total acyl groups in the triglyceride, to a reaction with stearic acid, at least one ester of stearic acid or a mixture thereof, to obtain a composition comprising 1,3-distearoyl 2-oleoyl glyceride and trioleoyl glyceride; (b) treating the composition to form a first fraction having an increased amount by weight of oleoyl groups compared to said composition and a second fraction having an increased amount by weight of stearoyl groups compared to said composition; (c) hydrolysing the first fraction to form oleic acid; and (d) reacting said oleic acid or an ester thereof with a triglyceride comprising at least 50% by moles of palmitic acid residues, based on total acyl groups, to form a composition comprising 1,3-dioleoyl 2-palmitoyl glyceride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for decreasing the amount of environmental pollutants in a mixture comprising a fat or an oil, being edible or for use in cosmetics, the fat or oil containing the environmental pollutants, which process comprises the steps of adding a volatile working fluid to the mixture, where the volatile working fluid comprises at least one of a fatty acid ester, a fatty acid amid, a free fatty acid and a hydrocarbon, and subjecting the mixture with the added volatile working fluid to at least one stripping processing step, in which an amount of environmental pollutant present in the fat or oil, being edible or for use in cosmetics, is separated from the mixture together with the volatile working fluid. The present invention also relates to a volatile environmental pollutants decreasing working fluid, for use in decreasing an amount of environmental pollutants present in a fat or oil, being edible or for use in cosmetics.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compositions of matter which may advantageously be used as lubricants or pressure transfer media or else for functional liquids and lubricant additives. The lubricants according to the invention are the reaction products of an electro-philic addition of linear or branched, aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acids, carboxylic anhydrides, carbonyl halides or novel neoacids to the double bonds of fatty acids, esters thereof and/or of other fatty acid derivatives and also of synthetic esters. Owing to their increased oxidation resistance compared to the starting materials and also their low toxicity, the novel class of synthetic esters based on oleochemicals may find use in novel environmentally compatible lubricants, pressure transfer systems, functional liquids and lubricant additives.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a group of related lipid molecules, and methods for their use, that maybe used to treat inflammation and certain inflammation related diseases. The group of related lipid molecules are capable of inhibiting certain enzyme systems including phospholipase A2, and cyclooxygenase-2. The group of related lipid molecules of the invention may be characterized by specific structural characteristics, or by specific biological activity, including inhibition of the previously listed enzymes.

Abstract: The invention relates to carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof and pharmaceutical compound containing them. The active compounds are represented by the formula compound represented by formula I, wherin R1-R4 each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl or heterocyclyl radical, Q represents a diradical consisting of a linear chain of 11 to 18 carbon atoms, one or more of which may be replaced by heteroatoms, said chain being optionally substituted by inert substituents and one or more of said carbon or heteroatom chain members optionally forming part of a ring structure, and where one or both of de carboxyl groups can be substituted by an in vitro hydrolyzable physiologically acceptable substituent; with the proviso that: compounds wherein R1-R4 each represents CH3 and Q represents a linear chain of 14 carbons, are excluded; and compounds wherein Q represents a linear chain of carbon atoms one of which is replaced by oxygen or sulfur, are excluded.

Abstract: The invention relates to carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof and pharmaceutical compound containing them. The active compounds are represented by the formula compound represented by formula I, wherin R1-R4 each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl or heterocyclyl radical, Q represents a diradical consisting of a linear chain of 11 to 18 carbon atoms, one or more of which may be replaced by heteroatoms, said chain being optionally substituted by inert substituents and one or more of said carbon or heteroatom chain members optionally forming part of a ring structure, and where one or both of the carboxyl groups can be substituted by an in vitro hydrolyzable physiologically acceptable substituent; with the proviso that: compounds wherein R1-R4 each represents CH3 and Q represents a linear chain of 14 carbons, are excluded; and compounds wherein Q represents a linear chain of carbon atoms one of which is replaced by oxygen or sulfur, are excluded.

Abstract: An ester compound of the following formula (1) is provided.

Abstract: An oily base, which has excellent stability, a low melting point and does not irritate the skin and an external composition which contains the oily base. The present invention is directed to an alpha-hydroxy fatty acid derivatives represented by the general formula (1): wherein R1 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 10 to 24 carbon atoms, R2 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 31 carbon atoms, and R3 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 11 to 31 carbon atoms, and an external composition contains at least one of the derivatives.

Abstract: The invention is a method for recovering azelaic acid from a mixed oxidation product by prepurifying the azelaic acid and introducing the prepurified azelaic acid into the central portion of a dual countercurrent extraction column operated at an elevated temperature and introducing an aqueous phase into the top of the extraction column and a water immiscible solvent for the monocarboxylic acids in the prepurified azelaic acid into the bottom portion of the extraction column and recovering the purified azelaic acid from the aqueous phase. The azelaic acid can be recovered from the aqueous phase by drying the aqueous phase and separating a low boiling fraction and a high boiling fraction from the azelaic acid product by distillation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a CLA-enriched structured lipid by a transesterification of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) with ester or free fatty acid form of CLA using lipases, and use of the same. It has been known that CLA mainly exists in an acid form, and has various beneficial biological activities, but rapid oxidation property during storage. And also, animal fat or plant oil, widely ingested by animals or humans, is naturally produced as an acylglycerol form containing various fatty acids. The CLA-containing structured lipid is manufactured by mixing free or ester form of CLA with acylglyceride at a molar ratio of 1:1˜1:5, adding immobilized lipase of 2.2˜20% by weight of CLA and acylglyceride to the mixture with a solvent, and incubating at 35˜75° C. for 1-36 hours.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a group of related lipid molecules, and methods for their use, that maybe used to treat inflammation and certain inflammation related diseases. The group of related lipid molecules are capable of inhibiting certain enzyme systems including phospholipase A2, and cyclooxygenase-2. The group of related lipid molecules of the invention may be characterized by specific structural characteristics, or by specific biological activity, including inhibition of the previously listed enzymes.

Abstract: Monoesters, diesters and polyesters are provided wherein both the acid-derived moiety and the alcohol-derived moiety of the esters are carotenoid compounds. The synthetic ester linkage between two or more carotenoids provides new compounds in which the similar and complementary properties of the individual carotenoids are combined. The new all-carotenoid esters may be useful as antioxidants, therapeutic agents, pigmenting ingredients in poultry feed or as coloring agents for fats. The polyesters have the potential to act as molecular wires with unique electrical conductance characteristics. The all-carotenoid esters may be prepared from the esterification of at least one hydroxy carotenoid with at least one carboxylic carotenoid, or via the reaction of the acid chloride of a carboxylic carotenoid with a hydroxy carotenoid. Preferred hydroxy carotenoids include lutein, zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin, carotene diol, hydroxy carotene, hydroxylycopene, alloxanthin and dehydrocryptoxanthin.

Abstract: Perfluorinated esters of alkanoyl-L-carnitine of the formula (I): are useful as cationic lipids for the intracellular delivery of pharmacologically active compounds.

Abstract: A composition and method for supplementing feed, nutrition and diet systems with bioactive glycerides of conjugated linoleic acid comprised of a synergistic blend of conjugated linoleic bioactive isomers acid in mono-, di-, and/or triglyceride form. The composition comprises (A) bioactive glycerides of conjugated linoleic acid comprised of a synergistic blend of conjugated linoleic bioactive isomers acid in mono-, di- and/or triglyceride form, (B) a carrier medium, and (C) a delivery system as a dietary supplement. The composition provides an effective increase in nutritional, therapeutic, and pharmacological properties in nutrition and diet systems.

Abstract: 4-Methyl-4-(4-mlthylpent-3-en-1-yl)-2-oxetanone of formula (1): or its oligomer is an intermediate product for the preparation of a series of geranic acid derivatives, which are important synthetic building blocks in the preparation of perfumes and fragrances.

Abstract: The invention relates to carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof and pharmaceutical compound containing them. The active compounds are represented by the formula compound represented by formula I, wherin R1-R4 each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl or heterocyclyl radical, Q represents a diradical consisting of a linear chain of 11 to 18 carbon atoms, one or more of which may be replaced by heteroatoms, said chain being optionally substituted by inert substituents and one or more of said carbon or heteroatom chain members optionally forming part of a ring structure, and where one or both of de carboxyl groups can be substituted by an in vitro hydrolyzable physiologically acceptable substituent; with the proviso that: compounds wherein R1-R4 each represents CH3 and Q represents a linear chain of 14 carbons, are excluded; and compounds wherein Q represents a linear chain of carbon atoms one of which is replaced by oxygen or sulfur, are excluded.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of compounds for treating hyperlipidemia, obesity and impaired glucose tolerance/noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus without adversely affecting energy metabolism, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for the treatment of obesity, hyperlipidemia and maturity-onset diabetes.

Abstract: Water-soluble dodecandioates wherein the cationic moiety is selected from the group comprising the cations of basic aminoacids (e.g. lysine) and choline and orally or parenterally administrable compositions containing same, are disclosed.

Abstract: An additive for enhancing the performance of industrial pigments. The additive improves dispersibility and is the reaction product of an amine, a fatty amine, and a polybasic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lubricating oil or a lubricating oil additive, particularly suitable for a R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) or R-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane) refrigerant, consisting of a compound (X) that can be prepared by esterification of a polyoxyethoxylated glycerol with at least one polycarboxylic acid compound having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 13 carbon atoms, and at least one monocarboxylic acid compound having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 13 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to a mixture of imageable polyacetylenic compounds which have similar photosensitivities and which are visually imageable in complementary colors combinable to provide a black image, which mixture contains at least one polyacetylenic metal salt which produces a color, preferably a metal salt of a diacetylene C6 to C48 mono- or dicarboxylic acid, which is complementary to a color produced by another polyacetylenic metal salt or non-metallic polyacetylenic compound contained in the mixture or in an another integral color forming layer. The invention also pertains to the use of said mixture and the manner of its preparation.

Abstract: Wood preservative systems comprising (a) a biocidal effective amount of (i) at least one di C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 alkyl quaternary ammonium carboxylate having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are a C.sub.8 -C.sub.l2 alkyl group; R.sup.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted, interrupted or uninterrupted C.sub.1 -C.sub.100 group; l and q independently are 1, 2 or 3 and (l) (q) is 1, 2, or 3; and n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50; (ii) at least one di C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 alkyl quaternary ammonium borate having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are defined as above, and a is 2 or 3, but when a is 2, b is 0 or 1, and when a is 3, b is 0, 1, or 2; or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii); and (b) a solvent are provided. These carboxylate quats as well as carboxylate quats wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group are preferably prepared by an indirect or a direct synthesis.

Abstract: Wood preservative systems comprising (a) a biocidal effective amount of (i) at least one di C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 alkyl quaternary ammonium carboxylate having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are a C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 alkyl group; R.sup.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted, interrupted or uninterrupted C.sub.1 -C.sub.100 group; l and q independently are 1, 2 or 3 and (l) (q) is 1, 2, or 3; and n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50; (ii) at least one di C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 alkyl quaternary ammonium borate having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are defined as above, and a is 2 or 3, but when a is 2, b is 0 or 1, and when a is 3, b is 0, 1, or 2; or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii); and (b) a solvent are provided. These carboxylate quats as well as carboxylate quats wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group are preferably prepared by an indirect or a direct synthesis.

Abstract: Dialkyl maleates can be hydrogenated with hydrogen in a catalytic liquid-phase hydrogenation to give dialkyl succinates, wherein the hydrogenation is carried out continuously at a pressure of from 50 to 400 bar and a reaction temperature of from 30 to 160.degree. C. over a fixed bed of oxygen-free and support-free shaped bodies comprising pressed powders of the elements of the iron subgroup of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements (Mendeleev) or their alloys or mixtures with one another with additions of elements of transition groups IV and/or V; hydrogenation-inert elements can additionally be present. The shaped bodies have a compressive strength of from 20 to 220N and an internal surface area of from 10 to 100 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: Esterification of an ultra-low unsaturation polyoxy(higher)alkylene polyol with a dicarboxylic acid or reactive derivative thereof to form a poly(half ester) followed by capping the poly(half ester) with a capping agent capable of forming an amide linkage or ester linkage while retaining primary hydroxyl functionality, generates high primary hydroxyl content polyols with substantially retained hydrophile/lipophile balance and low polydispersity. Low color products having primary hydroxyl contents in excess of 80 equivalent percent may be routinely achieved.

Abstract: A complex alcohol ester which comprises the reaction product of an add mixture of the following: a polyhydroxyl compound represented by the general formula:R(OH).sub.nwherein R is any aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic hydrocarbyl group and n is at least 2, provided that the hydrocarbyl group contains from about 2 to 20 carbon atoms; a polybasic acid or an anhydride of a polybasic acid, provided that the ratio of equivalents of the polybasic acid to equivalents of alcohol from the polyhydroxyl compound is in the range between about 1.6:1 to 2:1; and a monohydric alcohol, provided that the ratio of equivalents of the monohydric alcohol to equivalents of the polybasic acid is in the range between about 0.84:1 to 1.2:1; wherein the complex alcohol ester exhibits a pour point of less than or equal to -20.degree. C., a viscosity in the range between about 100-700 cSt at 40.degree. C. and having a polybasic acid ester concentration of less than or equal to 70 wt. %, based on the complex alcohol ester.

Abstract: Bleaching compositions are provided that comprise peracid activators. The peracid activators are ester derivatives of a carboxylic acid where the oxygen is covalently bound through a polyhydroxy linking group to a leaving group that is displaceable in a peroxygen bleaching solution by perhydroxide anion. When the peracid activator is combined with a source of peroxygen in aqueous solution, then a stain removing peracid is formed. One embodiment of the peracid activator has the structure ##STR1## where R' is a branched or linear C.sub.4-12 alkyl, n is 1 to about 7, and L is a leaving group.

Abstract: A Koch functionalized product which is the reaction product of at least one polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least 500 and at least ethylenic double bond per polymer chain, with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic trapping agent. The invention includes functionalized polymer, derivatives thereof and methods of making the same.

Abstract: Aromatic acid-derived lipophilic polyhalogenated compounds are provided for use as contrast agents in diagnostic imaging or as therapeutic agents. These compounds are particularly useful when incorporated into an oil-in-water emulsion for tissue-specific delivery to the liver. For hepatocyte-selective delivery, the emulsion is chylomicron remnant-like by being in a size range of 50 to 200 nm and having a composition simulating naturally-occuring chylomicron remnants.

Abstract: Solid diesters for hot-melt inks are prepared by reaction of polymerized fatty acid with long chain primary monohydric alcohols, optionally in the presence of diamine. The long chain alcohols have at least about 20 carbon atoms, and preferably have 24 or more carbon atoms. The esterification of liquid polymerized fatty acid with monohydric alcohol provides a diester that is solid at room temperature and has a melting point of less than about 150.degree. C. The diester can be formulated with colorants and/or other image-producing materials to provide an ink for hot-melt printing, e.g., hot-melt ink jet, gravure or intaglio printing.

Abstract: A Koch functionalized product which is the reaction product of at least one polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least 500 and at least one ethylenic double bond per polymer chain, with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic trapping agent. The invention includes functionalized polymer, derivatives thereof and methods of making the same.