Abstract: The disclosure provides various methods for separating and recovering free fatty acids crude oil containing free fatty acids using certain ion-exchange resins to reduce the amount of free fatty acids in the crude oil to 3% or less such that the resultant oil is useable in downstream chemical processes. After separation and removal of the free fatty acids form the crude oil, the ion-exchange resin is reusable in further free fatty acid separation reactions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for winterizing crude fish oil by an improved winterization process, wherein a solubilizing agent is added to the fish oil prior to the winterization. The solubilizing agent is preferably a fat-soluble edible organic compound, such as fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures. The invention further relates to compositions obtainable by the process.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a C2-C20 fluorine-containing organic acid with reduced fluorine-free organic compound. A method for producing a C2-C20 fluorine-containing organic acid, the method including contacting a mixture containing a C2-C20 fluorine-containing organic acid and a fluorine-free organic compound with a concentrated sulfuric acid and then separating a C2-C20 fluorine-containing organic acid phase from a concentrated sulfuric acid phase. The contacting is conducted such that an amount of water present in the concentrated sulfuric acid phase is 10% by mass or less, and the C2-C20 fluorine-containing organic acid is obtained in the form of the C2-C20 fluorinated organic acid phase having a reduced content ratio of the fluorine-free organic compound compared with said mixture.

Abstract: Provided are methods for removing a perfluorinated alkanoic acid from solutions containing the perfluorinated alkanoic acid and a fluorinated alkoxy acid. These methods include contacting the first solution with an anion-exchange resin to produce a second solution and a resultant anion-exchange resin having perfluorinated alkanoic acid adsorbed thereto, wherein the perfluorinated alkanoic acid is present in the first solution at a first concentration and is present in the second solution at a second concentration which is lower than the first concentration, and separating the second solution from the resultant anion-exchange resin.

Abstract: A method of producing a composition comprising a high concentration of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) from natural oils such as fish oil, squid oil, algal oil and krill oil. In addition, a composition comprising a high concentration of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids isolated from such natural sources; as well as to a process for isolating separate fractions of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids having identical chain lengths but different degrees of unsaturation from such highly concentrated compositions is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for solubilising and separating one or a plurality of carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives from an aqueous or organic solution, emulsion or suspension, involves (i) preparing the solution or emulsion or suspension with the carboxylic acid or the carboxylic acid derivatives; (ii) adding a quantity of a solubilising compound, in particular arginine or an arginine derivative, to the solution, suspension or emulsion in the presence of a minimum amount of water, a demobilised solubilising compound being used as a solubilising compound; (iii) separating the solubilised carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives as a carboxylic acid phase or carboxylic acid derivative phase from the solution or emulsion or suspension; and (iv) preferably regaining at least one portion of the solubilising compound or one portion of a derivative of the solubilising compound, in particular of the arginine or the arginine derivative, from the solubilised and separated carboxylic acid phase or carboxylic acid der

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing phosphorus-containing compounds from triglyceride-containing compositions.

Abstract: A method of reducing the proportion of agricultural residues (ARs), such as pesticides and herbicides, present in an essential oil, comprising the treatment of the oil with an ionic liquid that has at most limited solubility in the oil, the ionic liquid having an anion and a cation chosen from the following table: cation anion dialkylimidazolium alkylsulfate trialkylimidazolium dicyanamide dialkylpyridinium alkylsulfonate dialkylpyrrolidinium alkylphosphate thiocyanate fluoroacetate fluoroalkyl sulfonate tetrafluoroborate halide The method is particularly effect with citrus oils, especially orange oil, and it can remove most ARs, without removing essential components of the oil.

Abstract: A three step process for precipitating impurities from crude edible oil source is disclosed. In the first step, residual water is removed from the oil source by passing the oil source through a bed of crosslinked superabsorbent granules. In the second step, a specific polymer is added for precipitating gossypol and elemental sulfur impurities. In the third step, a polymer specific for precipitating organic impurities is added.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing phosphorus-containing compounds from triglyceride-containing compositions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to solubilizing compounds, a device and a method for solubilizing and removing carboxylic acids and especially fatty acids from oils, fats, aqueous emulsion, aqueous media and organic solutions. Devices utilizing the inventive method shall be used for separating carboxylic acids from oils, fats, aqueous emulsion, lipophilic media or organic solutions, respectively by preparing an aqueous micro- or nanoemulsion of the carboxylic acids especially the fatty acids and the solubilizing compound which contains at least one amidino and/or gianidino group. Solubilization effects of solubilizing compounds combined with the inventive use of separation methods for carboxylic acids can be used to treat persons in need of removal of fatty acids or analyze carboxylic acids from blood or process other solutions in food, pharmacy, chemistry, bio fuel industry or other industrial processings.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester, including step 1 of adding at least one surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants and water to a crude fatty acid alkyl ester and stirring to obtain a mixture containing aggregates, and step 2 of separating the aggregates from the mixture from step 1 so that the removal rate of steryl glucoside is 60% or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester, including step 1 of adding at least one surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants and water to a crude fatty acid alkyl ester and stirring to obtain a mixture containing aggregates, and step 2 of separating the aggregates from the mixture from step 1 so that the removal rate of steryl glucoside is 60% or more.

Abstract: According to the present invention, crystals comprising (2R)-2-propyloctanoic acid and an amine, which can be used as bulk drugs for safely orally administrable solid preparations with keeping the pharmacological effect, are provided. Among these crystals, the crystal with dibenzylamine per se is particularly useful as bulk drug for pharmaceuticals and can be used as an intermediate to produce (2R)-2-propyloctanoic acid having an optical purity of more than 99.5% e.e. which has not been obtained.

Abstract: A process for extracting a wide range of lipophilic compounds from urea-containing solutions is described. The process utilises a near-critical fluid as the extraction solvent. The process is particularly applicable to the extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids from the filtrate obtained upon urea fractionation, as employed in the processing of fish and other oils. In contrast to known processes, the lipophilic compounds may be extracted without the use of non-food grade solvents, and are suitable for pharmaceutical and cosmetic use.

Abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acids, as free fatty acids, fatty acid esters or fatty acid amides, especially EPA and/or DHA, DPC 9/02, are recovered from urea adducts, such as obtained as by-products in the processing of fish and other oils, by treatment with a subcritical or supercritical fluid.

Abstract: To remove free fatty acids from fats or oils of biological origin or their steam distillates, it is proposed to extract the free fatty acids with a mixture of basic organic nitrogen compounds and water as extraction medium at a temperature below the boiling point of the organic nitrogen compounds. The content of the basic organic nitrogen compounds in the extraction medium shall be at least about 20% by weight and at most about 60% by weight, preferably between about 30% by weight and about 40% by weight. In this manner, the formation of a viscous soapstock which is difficult to remove is prevented. The boiling point of the basic organic nitrogen compound(s) used shall be the same as or above the boiling point of water and below the boiling point of the fatty acids to be extracted in order to enable simple recovery of the extraction medium.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids are sorbed from aqueous feedstocks onto a solid adsorbent in the presence of carbon dioxide under pressure. The acids are freed from the sorbent phase by a suitable regeneration method, one of which is treating them with an organic alkylamine solution thus forming an alkylamine-carboxylic acid complex which thermally decomposes to the desired carboxylic acid and the alkylamine.

Abstract: An additive for enhancing the performance of industrial pigments. The additive improves dispersibility and is the reaction product of an amine, a fatty amine, and a polybasic acid.

Abstract: Organic compounds containing at least one hydrophilic group are rendered soluble in fatty systems by the formation of a chemical complex with a carrier selected among fatty acid esters of polyhydric hydroxyalkanes having general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or --CH.sub.2 OR.sub.5, R.sub.2 is H or --CH.sub.2 OR.sub.6, and each of R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is independently a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid moiety having 1-30 carbon atoms or a saturated fatty acid moiety having 1-3 carbon atoms, with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid moiety having 1-30 carbon atoms, R2 and at least one or, when any of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is not H, at least two of R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is a saturated fatty acid moiety having 1-3 carbon atoms. Diacetates of common monoglycerides are especilally preferred as the carriers for forming such complexes.

Abstract: 9,11- Diene C18 fatty acid cannot be separated from 10,12-Diene C18 fatty acid by conventional rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. 9,11-Diene C18 fatty acid can be readily separated from 10,12-Diene fatty acid by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are propyl formate, butyl ether, methyl pivalate and cyclopentanone.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for treating an oil composition containing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the form of triglycerides, with at least some of the unsaturated fatty acids being polyunsaturated, in order to obtain a refined product with a higher concentration of the polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Abstract: Linoleic acid cannot be separated from linolenic acid by distillation or rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. Linoleic acid is readily separated from linolenic acid by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are nonane, dimethyl formamide, 2-nitropropane and pentyl propionate.

Abstract: A triglyceride oil containing a membrane lipid in a concentration effective for crystallization modification the membrane lipid having a formula:C.sub.13 H.sub.27 --CH.dbd.CH--CH(OH)--CH(NHCOA.sub.2)--CH2--OA.sub.4,wherein C.sub.13 H.sub.27 -- is an unbranched alkyl chain, A.sub.2 is an unbranched C.sub.23 H.sub.47 -- hydrocarbon chain, and A.sub.4 is a sugar moiety selected from the group consisting o a monosaccharide residue, a disaccharide residue or an oligosaccharide residue, including glucose, fructose, galactose, saccharose, lactose and maltose. Said membrane is utilized to separate solid fatty materials from triglyceride oils by heating the oil in an inert solvent until a substantial amount of the solid material is no longer present, adding the membrane lipid as the crystallization modifying substance, cooling the oil to crystallize a solid stearin phase in combination with a liquid olein phase, and recovering the stearin phase by separating it from the olein phase.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids are sorbed from aqueous feedstocks into an organic liquid phase or onto a solid adsorbent. The acids are freed from the sorbent phase by treating it with aqueous alkylamine thus forming an alkylammonium carboxylate which is dewatered and decomposed to the desired carboxylic acid and the alkylamine.

Abstract: A method for recovering at least one unsaturated fatty acid having sixteen or more carbon atoms and/or at least one compound of such a fatty acid from a mixture derived from vegetable, animal or marine sources is provided. Fatty acids and/or fatty acid compounds of the mixture, in free acid or esterified form, are passed into a mobile phase of liquid carbon dioxide in a column over a stationary phase. The stationary phase contains a support and a material bound to the support which contains at least one free electron pair and/or multiple bond. After eluting any saturated fatty acid or fatty acid compound of the same number of carbon atoms from the column, the unsaturated fatty acid and/or fatty acid compound is recovered in pure chemical form or as an enriched mixture.

Abstract: A mixture of branched fatty acids containing 18 carbon atoms such as commercial iso-stearic acid is treated to lower the freezing point to below -10.degree. C., by mixing with urea and a lower alcohol, such as methanol, and filtering. The product is useful in the production of low freezing point esters for use as lubricants.

Abstract: An improved low temperature process for extracting oil from oil-bearing materials by extracting the oil-bearing material in an extraction zone with a normally gaseous solvent selected from propane, butane, and mixtures thereof. As the resulting solvent/oil mixture is passed through the bed of extracted oil-bearing material, from the extraction zone, and to a separation zone, it is done so under conditions that will maintain the solvent in liquid form. The resulting extracted materials have substantially more of their protein and vitamin value intact when compared with similar materials extracted by more conventional high temperature methods. The present process is also a lower energy consuming process than more conventional, extractive processes.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing phenyl esters of alkanoyloxyacetic acids in which phenyl chloroacetate is reacted with the salt of a carboxylic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of preparing Cocoa Butter Equivalent (CBE) from Chinese Vegetable Tallow (CVT) and to the product prepared. Crude CVT is first subjected to a semi-refining process comprising an alkali treatment, a water wash and an adsorption step. The semi-refined CVT is subjected to a single step fractional crystallization under controlled conditions. After removal of the solvent from the crude CBE found in the mother liquor after filtration, the crude CBE is subjected to a steam distillation process, addition of antioxidants and a final filtration. The resulting product meets all of the criteria necessary for Cocoa Butter Equivalent.