Abstract: A levoglucosan-based flame retardant compound, a process for forming a flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a polymer that contains the levoglucosan-based flame retardant compound. The levoglucosan-based flame retardant compound has phosphorus-based flame retardant functional groups. At least one of the phosphorus-based flame retardant groups includes a phenyl substituent. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes providing a phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule, providing levoglucosan, chemically reacting the phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule and the levoglucosan derivative to form a levoglucosan-based flame retardant compound, and incorporating the levoglucosan-based flame retardant compound into a polymer by covalent binding to form the levoglucosan-based flame retardant polymer.

Abstract: A compound having a structure represented by the following Formula (I), where Q1 and Q2 individually represent a functional group containing a C?C unsaturated bond and J1 and J2 individually represent a flame retardant group containing a phosphorus atom, useful in a resin composition for fabricating articles such as a prepreg, a resin film, a laminate or a printed circuit board, such that the articles have improved one or more properties including glass transition temperature, ratio of thermal expansion, peel strength, thermal resistance, dielectric constant, dissipation factor and flame retardancy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a polymerizable phosphate containing at least one selected from polymerizable phosphates represented by formula (II), (III) or (IV) by a batch reaction, including a step of adding a compound represented by formula (I) into a mixture of a polymerizable phosphate reaction product containing at least one selected from polymerizable phosphates represented by formula (II), (III) or (IV), obtained by a pre-batch reaction, and phosphoric acid anhydride to react them: wherein R1 represents H or a C1-4 alkyl group, R2 represents a C2-6 alkylene group and n denotes an integer from 1 to 3.

Abstract: A method of making hydroxymethylphosphonate comprising heating paraformaldehyde in a solvent to a desired reaction temperature, wherein the solvent is present in at least an amount necessary to solvate or suspend the paraformaldehyde; adding at least one alkyl phosphite to the heated paraformaldehyde, to provide hydroxymethylphosphonate, the alkyl phosphite being added to the heated paraformaldehyde at a rate which will avoid or inhibit the production of a significant exotherm and resulting high/significant level of acid by-product(s), there being present in the reaction medium at least one hindered amine catalyst in which the nitrogen in the amine is directly bound to a secondary and/or tertiary carbon of an organic group; and, optionally, following the completion of the addition, heating the reaction mixture to an elevated temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new method and compositions from the method consisting of block copolycarbonate/phosphonates that exhibit an excellent combination of flame resistance, hydrolytic stability, high Tg, low melt viscosity, low color and high toughness. Also disclosed are polymer mixtures or blends comprised of these block copolycarbonate/phosphonate compositions and commodity and engineering plastics and articles produced therefrom. Further disclosed are articles of manufacture produced from these materials, such as fibers, films, coated substrates, moldings, foams, adhesives and fiber-reinforced articles, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A scale and corrosion inhibitor for use in the treatment of water comprises at least one oxyalkylene unit and at least one phosphonate unit (e.g. a unit derived prom a mono- or di-phosphonic acid such as VPA or VDPA). Inhibitors according to the present invention have been found to exhibit both scale-inhibiting and corrosion-inhibiting properties, especially in the treatment of cooling water and water used in oilfield applications.

Abstract: A process for the formation of a di(hydroxyalkylaryl) aryl phosphate is disclosed which comprises the reaction of an o-alkyl substituted aromatic diol, e.g., an o-alkyl substituted hydroquinone such as o-t-butylhydro-quinone, and monoaryl dihalophosphate, such as monophenyl dichlorophosphate. This process can, in particular, be used to make certain di(hydroxy-o-alkylphenyl) phenyl phosphate compounds, preferably those that are p-hydroxy, such as di(p-hydroxy-o-t-butylphenyl) phenyl phosphate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a phosphate ester is disclosed. A triaryl phosphate is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of a catalytic quantity of a base to produce the phosphate ester product. The base has a base strength of less than 11, and is preferably potassium fluoride or potassium carbonate. Trialkyl phosphates, dialkyl monoaryl phosphates, monoalkyl diaryl phosphates, and mixtures of these compounds can be produced by this process.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the production of asymmetrical phosphoric acid diesters.The process is characterized in that a phosphoric acid ester is condensed with a compound containing hydroxy groups in the presence of an arylsulfonic acid chloride and an organic base, the residue of evaporation is stirred out with an organic solvent after the hydrolysis, the arylsulfonic acid pyridine salt which forms is nearly completely crystallized and recycled, the lipid derivative that is formed is precipitated as a sparingly soluble salt by addition of a solution containing alkaline-earth ions and isolated, the sparingly soluble salt is isolated as the free acid in an organic solvent by suspension in a water-immiscible organic solvent and a dilute aqueous mineral acid, the crude product is purified if desired, by means of preparative chromatography on a RP phase and subsequently the free acid is converted if desired into any desired salt.

Abstract: Monoalkyl monoaryl arylphosphonites of the formula (I); ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is the radical ##STR2## in which R' is identical or different and is (.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkoxy, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkylthio, or halogen, and n is an integer from 0 to 3, or is the naphthyl radical which can bear 1 to 3 substituents R';R.sub.2 is a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkyl radical, andR.sub.3 is as R.sub.1, where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can be identical or different with respect to one another; is described.

Abstract: Heterosubstituted acetals of the formula ##STR1## can be obtained by reacting vinyl compounds of the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CH-A.sup.1 (II)with alkyl nitrites of the formulaR.sup.1 --ONO (III.)The reaction is performed in the presence of palladium in metallic or bonded form and in alcohols or ethers as reaction medium at from 0.degree. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for making phosphite esters is provided. The process involves reacting triphenyl phosphite with alcohol using a sodium phenate catalyst. The process yields high purity phenol which may be recycled and reacted with PCl.sub.3 to yield triphenyl phosphite.

Abstract: The reaction product of a long chain vicinal diol containing at least 10 carbon atoms and at least one sulfur atom in the chain, with dihydrocarbyl hydrogen phosphites are effective friction reducing antiwear additives in lubricating oils, greases and fuels.

Abstract: An improved transesterification process for preparing bis-(2,4-dialkylphenyl) pentaerythritol phosphates using n-alkanes or cycloalkanes as solvents to provide high spiro/cage isomer ratios.