Abstract: The present teachings contemplate a method that includes a step of providing a first amount of esterified reaction product of an acid and an epoxy-based material. The esterified reaction product may be further reacted an epoxy resin to form a polymeric epoxy. The resulting material may have a generally linear backbone, foaming and curing capability and flame retardant properties.

Abstract: A flame retardant for thermosetting resin containing an aromatic phosphoric acid ester represented by the general formula (I): wherein R1 to R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-4 alkyl group, or a C1-4 alkoxy group; R5, R6, and R9 each independently represent a C1-10 alkyl group or a C1-10 alkoxy group; R7 and R8 each independently represent a C1-4 alkyl group or a C1-4 alkoxy group; n represents an integer of 1 to 10; n1 and n2 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3; m1 and m2 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4; p represents an integer of 0 to 26; and k represents an integer of 1 to 12; and when p is 2 or more, any two substituents R9 may be bonded to each other, and may be bonded to a carbon atom(s) of a ring to which the above substituents R9 are bonded, forming another ring.

Abstract: A method for controlling growth of Red Palm Weevil includes administering to the Red Palm Weevil a composition including a pesticidally effective amount of coumarin and an agriculturally-acceptable carrier.

Abstract: A particulate material for the production of a cement foam which material includes particles including, attached to the particle surface, a surfactant which renders the particles hydrophilic, the surfactant including a moiety which is hydrolysable under alkaline conditions, which surfactant, after loss of the moiety by alkaline hydrolysis, renders the particles partially hydrophobic.

Abstract: This invention provides novel compositions to inhibit the aggregation of amyloid proteins. In various embodiments the compositions comprise a molecular tweezers that binds lysine and/or arginine and thereby inhibits the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins.

Abstract: Provided are an additive for lubricating oil, including a compound represented by the following general formula (1) as an essential component, and a lubricating oil composition blending same: where R1, R3, R5, and R7 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R2, R4, R6, and R8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, A represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and n represents a number from 1 to 10.

Abstract: Provided is a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine, including as essential components the following component (A), component (B), and component (C), in which a phosphorus content of the composition is 50 ppm by mass to 1,000 ppm by mass: Component (A): a base oil; Component (B): a compound represented by the following general formula (1); and Component (C): a metal-containing antioxidant: where R1 to R8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Z represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and n represents a number of 1 to 10.

Abstract: Provided is a lubricating oil composition, including a base oil and a specific condensed phosphate blended with various additives.

Abstract: Disclosed are oligomeric phosphonates including oligophosphonates, random or block co-oligo(phosphonate ester)s and co-oligo(phosphonate carbonate)s produced using a condensation process terminated with hydroxyl, epoxy, vinyl, vinyl ester, isopropenyl, isocyanate groups, and the like. These materials can be used as a reactive additive to other polymers, oligomers or monomer mixtures to impart flame resistance without diminishing melt processability which is important in the fabrication of polymers for many applications.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to cannabinoid derivative compounds, pharmaceutical compositions made thereof, and methods for treating various diseases and disorders including cancer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to biaryl diphosphine ligands of the formula (B), processes for the production of the ligands and the use of the ligands in metal catalysts for asymmetric synthesis. The disclosure also relates to intermediates used for the production of the biaryl diphosphine ligand.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound that has a high whitening effect and is excellent in safety and stability and provides an external preparation for skin comprising the same. The compound of the present invention is a 4-alkylresorcinol derivative represented by formula (1) or a salt thereof: wherein R1 is a branched or cyclic alkyl group of 3 to 7 carbon atoms or a linear alkyl group of 2 to 5 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a group represented by —P(O)(OR4)(OR5), and at least one of R2 and R3 is a group represented by —P(O)(OR4)(OR5); and R4 and R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group of 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound that has a high whitening effect and is excellent in safety and stability and provides an external preparation for skin comprising the same. The compound of the present invention is a 4-alkylresorcinol derivative represented by formula (1) or a salt thereof: wherein R1 is a branched or cyclic alkyl group of 3 to 7 carbon atoms or a linear alkyl group of 2 to 5 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a group represented by —P(O)(OR4)(OR5), and at least one of R2 and R3 is a group represented by —P(O)(OR4)(OR5); and R4 and R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group of 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a phosphorus compound represented by Formula 1: wherein each R is the same or different and is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or C6-C12 aryl.

Abstract: Provided are an additive for lubricating oil, including a compound represented by the following general formula (1) as an essential component, and a lubricating oil composition blending same: where R1, R3, R5, and R7 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R2, R4, R6, and R8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, A represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and n represents a number from 1 to 10.

Abstract: A polyphosphonate having an acid value of about 5.5 mg KOH/g or less and represented by Formula 1: wherein: A is a single bond, C1 to C5 alkylene, C1 to C5 alkylidene, C5 to C6 cycloalkylidene, —S— or —SO2-, R is substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C20 aryl or substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C20 aryloxy, R1 and R2 are the same or different and are each independently substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C 12 aryl or halogen, a and b are the same or different and are each independently an integer from about 0 to about 4, and n is an integer from about 1 to about 500.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a phosphorus compound represented by Formula 1: wherein each R is the same or different and is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or C6-C12 aryl.

Abstract: This invention provides novel compositions to inhibit the aggregation of amyloid proteins. In various embodiments the compositions comprise a molecular tweezers that binds lysine and/or arginine and thereby inhibits the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins.

Abstract: A process for preparing halogen-substituted aryl phosphonates represented by formula (I): wherein each Hal independently represents halogen; k is 1 or 2; n is an integer between 1 and 5, inclusive; m is an integer between 1 and 3, inclusive; and R is a straight or branched C1-C5 alkyl group which may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, which process comprises reacting under heating a compound represented by the following formula: wherein X is a leaving group, with trialkyl phosphite of the formula (RO)3P, wherein the product of Formula I is produced and maintained in a liquid form and functions as an indigenous reaction liquid medium for suspending or dissolving the reactants, wherein the temperature of the reaction mixture is not less than the melting temperature of said compound of Formula I during at least a portion of the reaction time, and recovering the product of Formula I in a liquid form.

Abstract: A compound has general Formula I, II, III, or IV: where X and Y are independently a group of Formula (A): and Z a group of Formula (B): The compounds may be used in electrolytes and electrochemical devices.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a hair nourishing cosmetic which allows an antioxidative action of ubiquinone to contribute to hair nourishment. The hair nourishing cosmetic of the present invention comprises a ubiquinone derivative represented by the following formula (1) and/or its salt, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a phosphoric acid group, at least one of R1 and R2 is a phosphoric acid group, and n is an integer of 1 to 9.

Abstract: Sterically hindered phenol and phosphite based compounds, represented by a formula selected from I-III: and their use as antioxidants in a wide range of materials including, but not limited to, food, plastics, elastomers, composites and petroleum based products is disclosed herein.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds having the following formula (I): of compositions including them, uses of these compounds, particularly for preparation of medicines, and in vitro induction processes for apoptosis and direct death of cancer cells.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for hydrocyanating ethylenically unsaturated organic compounds to compounds containing at least one nitrile function. It relates more particularly to the hydrocyanation of diolefins such as butadiene or of substituted olefins such as alkenenitriles, for instance pentenenitriles. According to the process of the invention the reaction is implemented in the presence of a metal complex catalyst comprising a transition metal such as nickel and an organic ligand.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for hydrocyanating ethylenically unsaturated organic compounds to compounds containing at least one nitrile function. It relates more particularly to the hydrocyanation of diolefins such as butadiene or of substituted olefins such as alkenenitriles, for instance pentenenitriles. According to the process of the invention the reaction is implemented in the presence of a metal complex catalyst comprising a transition metal such as nickel and an organic ligand.

Abstract: This invention relates to attachment chemistries for binding macromolecules to a substrate surface or to other conjugation targets. More particularly, this invention relates to attachment chemistries involving branched or linear structures having one or more hydrazide attachment moieties for binding the macromolecules to a substrate surface, or for other conjugation reactions. Novel modifying reagents are provided for the introduction of protected hydrazide attachment moieties or precursor forms of such hydrazides to the macromolecule, either as a single hydrazide or as multiple hydrazides.

Abstract: An oligophosphate of general formula is disclosed. The oligophosphate is suitable as a flame retardant for thermoplastic molding compositions that exhibit a good flame-retardant effect, improved dimensional stability under the effect of heat, a good level of toughness and excellent flowability.

Abstract: A diphosphonic acid ester of formula [VII] or [VII?] and a diphosphonium salt of formula [VIII] or [VIII?] are provided: wherein R75, R76, R75? and R76? may be the same or different and independently represent an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl group or a phenyl group, R77, R78, R79 and R80 may be the same or different provided that at least three thereof are cyano groups and the others independently represent a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group or a halogen atom, R77?, R78?, R79? and R80? may be the same or different and independently represent a group selected from a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom provided that at least three thereof are fluorine atoms and X represents a halogen atom. These compounds are useful as synthetic intermediates for the preparation of luminescent bis(aminostyryl)benzene compounds.

Abstract: The compounds of formula (I) are hydrophilic aryl phosphate, thiophosphate, and aminophosphate intestinal apical membrane Na-mediated phosphate co-transportation inhibitors. The compounds can be administered orally, where they act to inhibit Na-dependent phosphate uptake in the intestines, or internally, where they interact with the phosphate control functions of the kidneys and parathyroid. They are therefore useful for inhibiting sodium-mediated phosphate uptake, reducing serum PTH, calcium, calcitriol, and phosphate, and treating renal disease in an animal, including a human.

Abstract: A bis(aminostyryl)naphthalene compound represented by the general formula [I] or the like below. (where R2 and R3 each denotes an unsubstituted aryl group; R1 and R4 each denotes an aryl group having a specific substituent such as methoxy group; and R5 and R6 each denotes a cyano group or the like.) A process for producing a bis(aminostyryl)naphthalene compound represented by the general formula [I] by condensation of, for example, 4-(N,N-diarylamino)benzaldehyde with diphosphonic ester or diphosphonium. The bis(aminostyryl)naphthalene compound emits intense yellow or red light. The process permits efficient production of the bis(aminostyryl)naphthalene compound.

Abstract: A new and more efficient synthesis of combretastatin A-3 (2a) was completed (8.4% overall yield) starting front methyl gallate and isovanillin with aldehyde 5 and phosphonium salt 8 as key intermediates. Conversion of combretastatin A-3 (2a) to a series of diphosphate prodrugs (IOa-IOl) containing selected anions was achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flame-retardant composition including an oligomer-type flame-retardant compound represented by formula 1, which gives good flame retardation, heat-resistance, hydrolysis-resistance and fluidity characteristics to resin.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a stabilizer mixture containing a low amount of chloride comprising a) 50-80% by weight of tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)biphenylene diphosphonite and its isomers, b) 5-25% by weight of bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)biphenylene monophosphonite and its isomers, and c) 5-25% by weight of a tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, and where the sum of components (a), (b) and (c) is not greater than 100% by weight, by reacting biphenyl under Friedel-Crafts condition with phosphorus trichloride and aluminium trichloride and by reacting the product mixture with 2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenol in the presence of a tertiary amine or an aromatic amine and a solvent, separating the formed two layers, which process comprises treating the solvent layer with water, a base and a desiccant, separating the precipitate from the solution containing the stabilizer mixture and evaporating the solvent.

Abstract: Emulsion formation is minimized or prevented and hydrolytic product degradation is suppressed during purification of impure bisphenol-A bis(diphenylphosphate). This is accomplished by forming a hydrocarbon solution of bisphenol-A bis(diphenylphosphate) plus impurities in a solvent comprising at least one aromatic hydrocarbon and at least one paraffinic hydrocarbon. Optionally, but preferably, this solution is washed with water or an aqueous buffer solution. Next, the hydrocarbon solution is washed one or more times with an aqueous alkaline washing solution that has a specific gravity that differs from the specific gravity of the hydrocarbon solution by at least about 0.05 gram per cubic centimeter. After each washing the mixture settles into a purified organic phase and a separate aqueous phase, and these phases are separated from each other.

Abstract: A method of making phosphoric acid esters by continuously reacting a phosphorus oxyhalide with a polyol to produce at least about 60% normalized monomeric halophosphate intermediate, and then reacting the monomeric halophosphate intermediate with an alcohol to produce a desired phosphoric acid ester is provided. In other embodiments, the reaction of the monomeric halophosphate intermediate with the alcohol can also be carried out continuously. Another aspect of the invention provides a method of making phosphoric acid esters by continuously reacting a phosphorus oxyhalide with a monohydric alcohol to produce at least about 60% normalized monohalomonophosphate diester intermediate, and then reacting the monohalomonophosphate diester intermediate with a polyol to produce a phosphoric acid ester. In other embodiments, the reaction of the monohalomonophosphate diester intermediate with the polyol may also be carried out continuously.

Abstract: The compounds of formula (I) are hydrophilic aryl phosphate, thiophosphate, and aminophosphate intestinal apical membrane Na-mediated phosphate co-transportation inhibitors. The compounds can be administered orally, where they act to inhibit Na-dependent phosphate uptake in the intestines, or internally, where they interact with the phosphate control functions of the kidneys and parathyroid. They are therefore useful for inhibiting sodium-mediated phosphate uptake, reducing serum PTH, calcium, calcitriol, and phosphate, and treating renal disease in an animal, including a human.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flame retardant comprising bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) and its dimer, the former having an HPLC determined 78 to 87 area % and an 85 to less than 90 normalized area %, the normalized area % being based on the total HPLC area % of the bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) and the dimer. The flame retardant also has a low isopropenylphenyl diphenyl phosphate and a low triphenylphosphate content.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing bis(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)resorcinol diphosphate, which has characteristics of high conversion and high selectivity, and which comprises of charging sequentially phenolic compounds, phosphoryl chloride, catalyst and organic base, heating the reaction mixture for carry out a three-stage esterification reaction and improving the purity of the product through molecular designing; dissolving the product in an organic solvent and removing residual hydrochloride salt with a small amount of ammonia gas, thereby achieving the object of purification without generation of waste water and waste product.

Abstract: The present invention provides crosslinking, conjugating and reducing agents which are functional with at least one phosphorothioate monoester group (--SPO.sub.3.sup.-2). Crosslinking and conjugation methods as well as solid phase reagents and conjugates which are useful in immunoassays are also provided.Crosslinking and conjugating agents of the invention generally comprise a compound corresponding to the formula (I), shown below, wherein n at least 1 and Q is a straight or branched monomer, polymer or oligomer having an average molecular weight between about 200 and about 1,000,000. Additionally, when n is 1, Q comprises at least 1 additional reactive functionality.Q--(S--PO.sub.3.sup.-2).sub.n (I)The reducing agents that are provided conform to a compound of the formula (Y), shown below, wherein (A) and (Z) can be independently selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl and CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.p wherein p is an integer between 1 and 5.

Abstract: A phosphorus ester oligomer having the structure: wherein A can be the same or different in each monomeric unit and each is independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino and aminoalkyl; B.sub.1 and B.sub.2 can be the same or different and each is independently selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, a labeling group, a protecting group, a phosphoramidate or a phosphomonoester; R.sub.1 can be the same or different in each monomeric unit, and in at least one of the non-nucleotide monomeric units, R.sub.

Abstract: A bisphosphite compound of the following formula (A): ##STR1## wherein --Ar--Ar-- is a bisarylene group represented by any one of the formulae (A-I) to (A-III) defined in the specification, and each of Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.4 is a C.sub.4-20 aromatic or heteroaromatic group which may have a substituent, wherein each of substituents on carbon atoms of an aromatic ring adjacent to the carbon atom bonded to the oxygen atom in each of Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.4, is a C.sub.0-2 group, and each pair of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2, and Z.sub.3 and Z.sub.4, are not bonded to each other.

Abstract: Novel chemotherapeutic agents having utility in treating infectious diseases such as periodontal disease, certain urinary tract infections, and infectious urinary tract stones, are obtained by combining chemically a diphosphonate compound with a therapeutic agent effective against the foregoing diseases.

Abstract: A process for preparing aromatic bisphosphates includes: a first step of reacting an aromatic monohydroxy compound having a steric hindrance group at the ortho position, with a phosphorus oxyhalide in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst (a) to yield a reaction mixture containing diarylphosphorohalidate, and a second step of reacting the reaction mixture of the first step with an aromatic dihydroxy compound in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst (b) to obtain an aromatic bisphosphate, wherein the aromatic monohydroxy compound and the phosphorus oxyhalide are reacted in a molar ratio of 2.0:1.0-1.1 in the first step, and the reaction mixture of the first step is subjected to a distillation treatment before the reaction of the second step, thereby obtaining the aromatic bisphosphate of high purity.

Abstract: A process to prepare aryldiphosphate esters without forming an emulsion in the product is described. In one embodiment of this process, the ester is formed by initially reacting a phosphoryl oxyhalide with a dihydric aromatic compound in the presence of an insoluble catalyst to form an intermediate. The intermediate is then reacted with a monohydric aromatic compound in the presence of an insoluble catalyst to form the aryldiphosphate ester and the catalyst is then filtered from the aryldiphosphate ester. In another form of this process the ester is formed reacting a dihydric aromatic compound in the presence of an insoluble catalyst with a compound corresponding to the formula (RO).sub.2 POX, where X is bromine or chlorine and R is an aromatic group and contains no more than 1 ortho substituent. Thereafter, the catalyst is then filtered from the aryldiphosphate ester.

Abstract: A process for forming a composition containing over, for example, about 90% by weight of an alkylene-arylene bridging group-containing bis(diphenyl phosphate) compound and less than, for example, 10%, by weight, of monophosphate by-product. This process involves the reaction of a composition containing a diphenyl halophosphate and an alkylene-arylene bridging group-containing diol, in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Lewis acid catalyst, utilizing a means, during the course of the reaction, for removal of hydrohalide by-product. The preferred means that are used for removal of hydrohalide by-product include:performing the reaction in a hydrocarbon solvent;utilizing vacuum to remove such by-product;utilizing sparging with an inert gas; andcompatible combinations of one or more of the foregoing means.

Abstract: Phosphonite and phosphonate compounds ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are each independently a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, p is 0 or 1, q is independently 0 or 1 with regard to each repeat unit, and m is an integer of 2 to 10, a stabilizer for organic materials comprising said compound and a stabilized organic material comprising said compound. The compound of the present invention is less volatile at high temperatures. The use of the compound of the present invention as a stabilizer for organic materials affords an extremely useful organic material which is superior in heat stability and free of degradation caused by oxidation. The compound of the present invention has excellent compatibility with the above-mentioned organic materials and hardly migrate from the organic materials.

Abstract: A method of pulverizing aromatic phosphates which comprises stressing an oily product of an aromatic phosphate having a purity of 90% or more at a temperature lower by 5.degree. to 100.degree. C. than a melting point of the aromatic phosphate in a temperature-controllable kneader to solidify and pulverize the aromatic phosphate.According to the present invention, aromatic phosphates industrially obtained are able to be solidified and pulverized in a short time in a simple way without being subjected to specific purification. Further, the invention is industrially advantageous in that the solidification and pulverization can be performed successively after production of the aromatic phosphate.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): ##STR1## in which: R.sub.1, R.sub.2, which may be identical or different, represent hydrogen or halogen, or alkyl, alkoxy, nitro or trihalomethyl,X represents CO, SO.sub.2 or CH.sub.2,A.sub.1 represents any one of the groups as defined in the description,A.sub.2 represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.n or --CH.dbd.CH--,R.sub.3, R.sub.4, which may be identical or different, represent hydrogen or alkyl,its isomers as well as its addition salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable base and medicinal product containing the same are useful as angiogenesis inhibitors.

Abstract: Flame retardant compounds including at least one of a group of specified phosphoryl compounds which have a phenylene group in the molecule are applied to fiber materials composed of polyester-based synthetic fibers. Sufficiently long-lasting flame retardancy may be imparted to polyester-based synthetic fiber materials without the use of halogen compounds.

Abstract: This invention provides a new use of acids, esters, and salts of arylmethylphosphonates of Formula I, ##STR1## or a phosphonic acid of Formula II ##STR2## and derivatives as anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agents. Representative compounds include 4-dodecyloxybenzylphosphonic acid dimethyl ester, (2-naphthalenylmethyl)phosphonic acid dimethyl ester, and ([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)phosphonic acid dimethyl ester.