Abstract: The present invention provides for methods for treating and/or reducing cardiac dysfunction by administering to subject a therapeutically effective amount of a bisphosphonate, functional analogue or a pharmaceutically effective salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of (2-Amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride (Fingolimod) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and intermediates formed in such processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to curable compositions which comprise epoxy resins, amino hardeners, and a phosphonate of the formula I. Addition of phosphonate of the formula I can give cured epoxy resins which have not only improved flame retardants but also an increased glass transition temperature when comparison is made with the corresponding resins without said addition.

Abstract: Mixtures of three types of linear, branched or cyclic phosphates are useful flame retardants, especially for thermoplastic resins or as functional additives in polymer matrices.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyfluoroalkylphosphonic acid oxyalkylene ester of the formula: CnF2n+1(CH2CF2)a(CF2CF2)b(CH2CH2)cP(O)[O(RO)mR?]d(OH)2?d (RO is a C2-C6 linear or branched oxyalkylene group, R? is a hydrogen atom or a C1-C20 alkyl group or aralkyl group, n is 1 to 6, a is 1 to 4, b is 1 to 3, c is 1 to 3, d is 1 or 2, and m is 1 to 100), which is a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group containing 6 or less carbon atoms and referred to as having low bioaccumulation potential, and exhibiting, when used as an active ingredient of a mold-releasing agent, mold release performance equivalent to that of a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group containing 8 or more carbon atoms. This compound is produced by subjecting a polyfluoroalkylphosphonic acid of the formula: CnF2n+1(CH2CF2)a(CF2CF2)b(CH2CH2)cP(O)(OH)2 and a polyalkyleneglycol or a monoether thereof of the formula: HO(RO)mR? to a condensation reaction.

Abstract: A composition includes an inorganic particle core and an initiator molecule chemically bonded thereto. The particle core is formed of a material having a dielectric constant of about fifteen or more. The initiator molecule includes a chain having about twenty or fewer carbon atoms and a phosphorous atom chemically bonded to an end of the chain. An alkyl derivative of an aryl moiety terminates another end of the chain.

Abstract: A compound having the formula: Wherein Hal independently indicates a halogen atom; R is selected from the group consisting of a straight or branched, optionally substituted C1-C5 alkyl and halogenated benzyl; and m and n are, independently, integers in the range between 3 and 5, inclusive.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a sterically hindered phenolic phosphonate resin compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. The present invention also provides a polycarbonate resin composition including the sterically hindered phenolic phosphonate resin compound as a flame retardant. wherein R1 is a C1-C6 alkyl group or a C6-C14 aryl group; each R2 is independently a C1-C6 linear alkyl group or a C3-C6 branched alkyl group; and each n is independently 1-3.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dental resin cement which is excellent in a mechanical strength, workability and storage stability, and a dental primer which significantly improves adhesiveness of the dental resin cement both to enamel and dentin of a tooth. According to the present invention, a salt of barbituric acid is used as a polymerization initiator in the dual-cure two-paste type dental resin cement being excellent in workability and storage stability to improve the storage stability, and a primer containing barbituric acid and amine is applied to a surface of a tooth to significantly improve adhesiveness of the dental resin cement both to enamel and dentin of teeth.

Abstract: A compound having the formula: Wherein Hal independently indicates a halogen atom; R is selected from the group consisting of a straight or branched, optionally substituted C1-C5 alkyl and halogenated benzyl; and m and n are, independently, integers in the range between 3 and 5, inclusive.

Abstract: Crosslinkers having a covalently bonded phosphorous atom, the phosphorous atom having at least one covalently bonded oxygen atom. Crosslinkers can be used with resins such as epoxy, acrylic, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polysiloxane, polyvinyl, polyether, aminoplast, and polyester resins. A process to produce a crosslinker includes incorporating a pendent group comprising a covalently bonded phosphorous atom.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel process for the removal and recovery of radionuclides from waste waters and process streams. The process of the present invention utilizes a combination of a supported liquid membrane (SLM) and a strip dispersion to improve extraction of the target species while increasing membrane stability and reducing processing costs. Additionally, the invention provides a family of new extractants, alkyl phenylphosphonic acids, for the removal and recovery of radionuclides and/or metals, including the use of the new extractants in the process. The new extractant selectively removes radionuclides and metals from the feed stream to provide a concentrated strip solution of the target species.

Abstract: Improved methods and compositions for treating subterranean formations penetrated by well bores are provided. A method of the invention for fracturing a subterranean formation comprises the steps of preparing a gelled hydrocarbon fracturing fluid comprised of a hydrocarbon liquid, a ferric iron or aluminum polyvalent metal salt of a phosphonic acid ester, a proppant material, water and a delayed gel breaker, and then contacting the subterranean formation with the gelled liquid hydrocarbon fracturing fluid under conditions effective to create at least one fracture in the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A process for preparing vinylphosphonic acid compounds of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: Improved methods for converting phosphite or phosphonate esters into corresponding thiophosphites or thiophosphonates and for synthesizing specific thiophosphite and thiophosphonate compounds so produced are disclosed and claimed. The methods start from phosphite diesters using P4S10 as the thionation reagent. The reaction mixture is refluxed until the reaction is complete and may be followed by separation and chloroformate ester phosphonation steps to produce pure thiophosphonocarboxylate triesters. Alternatively, these esters may be prepared directly by action of P4S10 on the corresponding phosphonocarboxylate esters. The former method was used to prepare dimethyl thiophosphite and thence trimethyl thiophosphonoformate, a key intermediate in synthesis of salts of thiophosphonoformic acid, which have anti-viral properties.

Abstract: Improved methods for converting phosphite or phosphonate esters into corresponding thiophosphites or thiophosphonates and for synthesizing specific thiophosphite and thiophosphonate compounds so produced are disclosed and claimed. The methods start from phosphite diesters using P.sub.4 S.sub.10 as the thionation reagent. The reaction mixture is refluxed until the reaction is complete and may be followed by separation and chloroformate ester phosphonation steps to produce pure thiophosphonocarboxylate triesters. Alternatively, these esters may be prepared directly by action of P.sub.4 S.sub.10 on the corresponding phosphonocarboxylate esters. The former method was used to prepare dimethyl thiophosphite and thence trimethyl thiophosphonoformate, a key intermediate in synthesis of salts of thiophosphonoformic acid, which have anti-viral properties.

Abstract: Benzyl-phosphonate compounds represented by the formula I: ##STR1## are disclosed as useful in treating bone wasting diseases and as an immunosuppresant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and solution for providing corrosion protection for electrical contact members. The contact members are exposed to the solution, which in one embodiment includes a phosphonate, a lubricant, and a solvent. In a preferred embodiment, the phosphonate is phosphonic acid, the lubricant is polyphenyl ether or tricresylphosphate, and the solvent includes an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon. In a further embodiment, the lubricant can be omitted from the solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel substituted bicyclic 2-mesityl-cyclopentane-1,3-dione derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which A and Q together represent alkanediyl or alkenediyl, which is in each case optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxyl, mercapto or in each case optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, cycloalkyl, benzyloxy or aryl, and which furthermore optionally contains one of the following groups ##STR2## or is bridged by an alkanediyl group andB, B' and G have the meaning given in the description,process for their preparation and their use as agents for controlling pests, and herbicides.

Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated monomers are protected from premature polymerization during manufacture and storage by the incorporation therein of an effective stabilizing amount of a 7-substituted quinone methide compound.

Abstract: New materials having improved biocompatibility have novel zwitterionic groups at the surface. The zwitterion is characterized by having at least one monovalent substituent at the atom carrying the cationic charge which is an aryl group. Preferably the atom carries at least two, and preferably three such aryl, usually phenyl, groups. The cationic group is preferably a triphenylphosphonium. Treatment of surfaces to provide pendant zwitterionic groups of the specified type have reduced platelet activation, whilst they do not appear to reduce platelet adhesion. The invention has utility in the field of blood contacting device, especially devices for implantation, such as vascular grafts.

Abstract: The preparation of .alpha.-carbonylphosphine oxides by oxidizing an .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl phosphine oxide with an organic hydroperoxide or of an organic peroxy acid in the presence of a compound of a Group IV to Group VIII metal in the periodic table, and novel .alpha.-hydroxybenzyl phosphine oxides. .alpha.-Carbonylphosphine oxides are used as photoinitiators for polymerizable compositions.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of hydroxybenzylphosphonates of the formula I ##STR1## which involves A) reacting a phenol of the formula II ##STR2## with an amine of the formula III ##STR3## formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde and a protonic acid H.sub.n A to give a salt of the formula IV ##STR4## B) distilling off the water of reaction which forms, and C) reacting the reaction mixture, or the salt IV isolated therefrom, with a trialkyl phosphite of the formula ##STR5## in which H.sub.n A is an organic or inorganic acid having n protons,n is 1, 2, 3 or 4,R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another are C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl,R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently of one another are C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or form, together with the nitrogen atom attached to them, a piperidyl or morpholinyl radical, and R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 independently of one another are C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Novel ammonium salts of organo-oxyphosphorus acids, organo-thiophosphorus acids and their esters and to the use thereof as additives for lubricants, especially for providing protection against extreme pressure and corrosion, to compositions containing these novel salts, a method for lubricating metal surfaces in frictional contact, and a metal surface treated with the salt or lubricant composition.

Abstract: Novel benzylphosphonate compounds of the general formula I: ##STR1## are disclosed as useful in treating bone wasting diseases including postmenopausal osteoporosis in increasing in mammals bone formation and bone mass.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the formula I: ##STR1## are disclosed as agents for use in treating bone wasting diseases.

Abstract: Novel naphthyl-substituted .alpha.-amino acid derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same and a method of using the same, for the blockade of aspartate and glutamate receptors, are described. Novel intermediates of the napthyl-substituted .alpha.-amino acid derivatives are disclosed.

Abstract: Diethyl ethylphosphonate is formed by the catalytic rearrangement of triethyl phosphite in a reaction medium at elevated temperature, preferably using an ethyl iodide as the rearrangement catalyst, employing a heel of diethyl ethylphosphonate in the reaction medium when the reaction is begun with maintaining of the reaction medium at a temperature above the boiling point of the triethyl phosphite (for example, a temperature of from about 175.degree. C. to about 185.degree. C.) and addition of the triethyl phosphite to the reaction medium at a rate slow enough to maintain that temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono- and phosphinocarboxylic acids containing hydroxyl and/or mercapto groups, their use as waterproofing and/or oil-repellency agents, and a method for their preparation.

Abstract: The bisphosphonates of formula (III)R.sub.2 --X--(CW).sub.m1 --CR.sub.3 R.sub.4 --CH.sub.2 --CM[PO--(OR.sub.1).sub.2 ].sub.2 (III)bicyclic bisphosphonates (V), and cyclic bisphosphonates (VII) are useful as anti-arthritic agents and do not have the side effects of anti-arthritic agents which are prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for producing diesters of phosphorous acid. The process comprises (a) reacting phosphorous acid with monohydric alcohol in a petroleum distillate solvent while maintaining a reaction mass temperature within the range of from about 130.degree. to about 138.degree. C., and (b) refluxing the reaction mass during the reaction, wherein the phosphorous acid contains about 20 up to about 35 wt. % water, the molar ratio of alcohol to phosphorous acid used is within the range of from about 2.0:1 to about 4.0:1, and water is removed from the reaction mass essentially as it is formed during steps (b) and (c).

Abstract: A compound having the formula ##STR1## where X is a radical of myo-inositol or a radical of a configuration isomer thereof where at least one R is ##STR2## where Y is (1) oxygen, (2) a straight or branched alkyl with 1-10 carbon atoms, where Z is ##STR3## where A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are the same or different and are hydrogen or methyl and n is 3-10, or ##STR4## where A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are hydrogen or methyl and where m is 1-5, where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, straight or branched alkyl, aryl or alkaryl, alkoxy or aryloxy, where R.sup.2 is(1) R.sup.1,(2) hydroxyl, or(3) OZOCOR.sup.1,and where the remaining R is/are hydroxyl.

Abstract: A process for preparing carboxylic acid esters of of the formulaX--(COOCH.sub.2 A).sub.nwherein A is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted 3- or 4-benzocyclobutene compound, X is an n-valent organic bridging group, and n is 2,3, or 4, comprises reacting a substituted or unsubstituted 3- or 4-hydroxymethylbenzocyclobutene compound with a compound of the formula X--(COY).sub.n, wherein X is an n-valent organic bridging group and Y is Cl or Br. Esters of inorganic acids of the formulaX'(OCH.sub.2 A).sub.nwherein X' is a residue of an inorganic acid halide, n is 2 or 3, and A is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted 3- or 4-benzocyclobutene compound, are prepared by reacting an inorganic halide of the formula X'Y.sub.n, wherein Y is Br or Cl, with a substituted or unsubstituted 3- or 4-hydroxymethylbenzocyclobutene compound. Biscarbonates of the formula X"[OC(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2 A].sub.

Abstract: The use of a compound of the formula I ##STR1## in which V is an alkyl group, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, n is an integer from 1 to 5, W is an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or alkoxy group, cyanide, nitro, carboxyl, hydrogen or a cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or carboalkoxy group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl or halogenoalkyl group, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, lithium, ammonium, triethylammonium or hydrogen, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a cyclic diester, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carboalkoxy, cycloalkyl or alkoxy group, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine and X, Y and Z are oxygen or sulfur, for the treatment of diseases caused by DNA viruses or RNA viruses is described.

Abstract: This invention relates to substituted bicycloheptadione derivatives with high herbicidal activity which are represented by general formula (I) ##STR1## (where R.sup.1 is a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group which may be substituted, an aralkyl group which may be substituted, or a heterocyclic group which may be substituted;R.sup.2 is, same or different, a halogen, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, or an alkoxylcarbonyl group, and n is 0 to 4;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are, same or different, hydrogen or a lower alkyl group).

Abstract: It has now been discovered that oligomers of C.sub.6 - C.sub.20 alpha-olefins, such as 1-decene, with branch ratios below 0.19 and high viscosity indices (HVI) can be functionalized to provide unique phosphite derivatives. Functionalized polyalpha-olefin lubricants compositions are prepared with superior properties by adding functionalized organophosphites to the olefinic bond of HVI-PAO. The invention encompasses a process for the preparation of lubricant range hydrocarbons containing phosphonate functional groups, comprising;reacting olefinic C.sub.20 + polyalpha-olefin oligomers having a branch ratio of less than 0.19 and phosphite ester in a mixture with peroxide catalyst at elevated temperature whereby phosphite ester adduct of said polyalpha-olefin is formed;separating said reaction mixture products and recovering said adduct.

Abstract: Novel phosphite derivatives of propylene based lube olefins are novel lubricating fluid media with internal synergistic multifunctional extreme pressure, antiwear and antioxidant properties. These compounds exhibit the same multifunctional characteristics when used in minor additive amounts in either mineral or synthetic lubricating oils as well as fuels.

Abstract: Herbicidal (hetero)aryloxynaphthalene derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which X is N or --C--R.sup.5,R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen or halogen or R.sup.1 may be cyano or trifluoromethyl,R.sup.3 is halogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylthio or trifluoromethylsulphonyl,Y is optionally halogen-substituted alkanediyl or alkenediyl, andZ is CN or --CC--Z', whereZ' is halogen, hydroxyl, amine, alkoxy, or the like.Intermediates of the formula ##STR2## are also new.

Abstract: Mercaptan odors in a thiophosphate compound or formulation are suppressed by treatment of the compound during preparation of the formulation with treatment agents selected from iodine, and alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, hypochlorites and iodates. Depending on the particular agent and method of treatment used, the agent and any reaction products resulting from the treatment may be either removed from the thiophosphate or retained with it in the final formulation. Formulations of particular interest are granular formulations for field application.

Abstract: Metal salts of phosphoric and phosphonic acid esters of formula ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or straight chain or branched unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenyl,R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,X is a metal cation, andn is an integer from 1 to 3 corresponding to the valence of X,are prepared by reacting n moles of a phosphoric or phosphonic acid or an ester thereof, of formula ##STR2## wherein R, R.sub.1 and n are as defined above, with 1 mole of a metal X.sup.n, if desired with cooling. These salts can be used, for example, as flame retardants, fertilizers or emulsifiers for aqueous plastics dispersions.

Abstract: Substituted benzoyl-bicycloalkyl-1,1,3-diones and related compounds, intermediates therefor, synthesis thereof, and the use of said diones for the control of weeds.

Abstract: Phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid and phosphine oxide derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## where A, B and R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 have the meanings stated in the description, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical agents containing them, and their use for the treatment of acne and psoriasis are described .

Abstract: Compounds and compositions containing them, for insecticidal control, particularly for use as soil and/or foliar insecticides, have the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is methyl or ethyl;R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl; andR.sub.3 is C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloakyl.

Abstract: New hydroquinones have the formula: ##STR1## wherein p is 1 or 2 and q is 0 or 1, provided that p+q is 1 or 2; R is a residue of formula: ##STR2## wherein Q is (i) -OX or (ii) -PO(OR.sub.11)((O).sub.x R.sub.11); and salts thereof with organic or inorganic acid bases.The groups X and R.sub.11 and x are defined hereinafter.The compounds of formula I are useful as stabilisers in photographic materials.

Abstract: S,S-Di(tert-butyl) ethylphosphonodithioate is disclosed as well as its use as an insecticide and nematocide, e.g. in controlling corn rootworm.

Abstract: Lubricating and functional fluid compositions are described which comprise at least one oil of lubricating viscosity and an extreme-pressure and friction-modifying amount of(A) at least one phosphite ester characterized by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a straight-chain hydrocarbyl group and R.sup.2 is a branched-chain hydrocarbyl group. The invention also relates to compositions which comprise the combination of such phosphite esters as represented by Formula I and various sulfur-containing compositions. The compositions comprising said combinations also are useful in lubricating and functional fluid compositions including lubricating oils and greases. Aqueous systems containing the phosphite esters represented by Formula I as well as combinations of phosphite esters with sulfur-containing compositions also are described.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## in which R is methyl or ethyl, Y is sulfur or oxygen, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different tertiary alkyl groups each having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, are insecticides and nematicides, especially for control of soil insects and nematodes.Symmetrical compounds (R.sub.1 .dbd.R.sub.2) may be prepared by reaction of an alkali metal mercaptide with an alkyl (thio) phosphonic dihalide. The alkali metal mercaptide may be prepared by reaction of a tertiary alkyl mercaptan with an alkali metal or alkali metal hydride.

Abstract: Compounds and compositions containing them, for insecticidal control, particularly for use as soil and/or foliar insecticides, have the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is methyl or ethyl;R.sub.2 is secondary butyl or tertiary butyl;R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl;R.sub.4 is hydrogen, methyl or fluoro; andR.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are either both hydrogen or both fluoro.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is methyl or ethyl; R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl; R.sub.3 is halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, thio-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl) or phenoxy, and n is 0, 1 or 2; provided that if R.sub.2 is methyl, then R.sub.1 is methyl, are insecticides.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is methyl or ethyl; R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl; R.sub.3 is hydrogen, halogen or methyl; and R.sub.4 is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl; or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 taken together form a tetramethylene chain; provided that R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are not both hydrogen, are insecticides and/or nematicides.