Abstract: The present invention provides a class of molecular glass photoresist (I and II) comprising bisphenol A as a main structure and their preparation. The molecular glass photoresist is formulated with a photoacid generator, a cross-linking agent, a photoresist solvent, and other additives into a positive or negative photoresist. A photoresist with a uniform thickness is formed on a silicon wafer by spin-coating. The photoresist formulation can be used in modern lithography, such as 248 nm photolithography, 193 nm photolithography, extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, nanoimprint lithography, electron beam lithography, and particularly in the EUV-lithography technique.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide: a nonaqueous-electrolyte battery excellent in terms of safety during overcharge and high-temperature storability; and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution which gives the battery. The present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolytic solution comprising an electrolyte and a nonaqueous solvent, wherein the nonaqueous electrolytic solution comprises at least one of specific compounds.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition comprising a chiral dopant compound represented by the following structure (Structure 1): wherein: R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, —(C?O)R9, —(C?O)R10, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyaryl, or heterocyclic all either substituted or unsubstituted, or combine to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; and R3-R9 are as described in the disclosure. Also featured are liquid crystal compositions comprising a chiral dopant compound represented by any of Structure 2-4 as described in the disclosure.

Abstract: A solid, hydrocarbon-insoluble, catalyst component useful in polymerizing olefins, said catalyst component containing magnesium, titanium, and halogen, and further containing an internal electron donor having a structure: [R1—O—C(O)—O—]xR2 wherein R1 is independently at each occurrence, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, or substituted hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; x is 2-4; and R2 is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, or substituted hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, provided that there are from 3 to 4 atoms in the shortest chain connecting a first R1—O—C(O)—O— group and a second R1—O—C(O)—O— group.

Abstract: Carbonates of anti-aging ingredients, in particular anti-oxidants and skin illuminating phenol ingredients, have been prepared as derivatives of these ingredients with enhanced physical properties. It has been demonstrated that these carbonates will hydrolyze under enzymatic catalysis to release the parent ingredient. In contrast, esters of the phenolic groups in many cases do not hydrolyze under the same conditions.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to reagents and methods useful in the synthesis of aryl fluorides, for example, in the preparation of 18F labeled radiotracers. The reagents and methods provided herein may be used to access a broad range of compounds, including aromatic compounds, heteroaromatic compounds, amino acids, nucleotides, and synthetic compounds.

Abstract: A compound suitable for use as an internal electron donor having a structure: wherein R1 is independently at each occurrence, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, or substituted hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R2 is independently at each occurrence, a hydrogen atom or aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, or substituted hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R3 is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Phenolic molecular glasses such as calixarenes include at least one fluoroalcohol containing unit. The fluoroalcohol containing molecular glasses can be used in photoresist compositions. Also disclosed are processes for generating a resist image on a substrate using the photoresist composition.

Abstract: This invention describes the use of resveratrol and curcumin, representatives of naturally occurring polyphenols, in their native form, after hydrogenation, and as their respective allyl derivatives, individually, in combination with themselves and other commercial monomers, to make representative varieties of polymers, e.g., polycarbonates (PC), polyurethanes (PU), co-polymers and biodegradable polymers.

Abstract: There is disclosed A resist underlayer film composition, the resist underlayer film composition contains a truxene compound having a substituted or an unsubstituted naphthol group as shown by the following general formula (1). There can be provided a resist underlayer film composition to form a resist underlayer film being capable of reducing reflectance and having high etching resistance, heat resistance.

Abstract: A printing or coating composition has a non-volatile liquid vehicle carrying a conductive polymer to be deposited on a substrate and is cleavable by heat or acidification without decomposition of said material, cleavage of said vehicle producing decomposition products that are more volatile than said vehicle and which can be evaporated to dry the composition. Suitably, that vehicle is a carbonic acid diester or a malonic acid diester, e.g. of the formula: wherein R2 is an organic substituent such that R2—OH is a volatile alcohol; R1 is an aliphatic or aromatic substituent of more than three carbon atoms such that is volatile; and R3 is C1-3 alkyl.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound represented by formula (1): wherein R1 and R3 each independently represent an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an arylene group; R2 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group; and l, n and m each independently represent a natural number of 1 to 3.

Abstract: A photoacid generator which can generate an acid efficiently when energy was absorbed, is excellent in the developing property and can form fine patterns, and a cationic polymerization initiator excellent in curability are provided; and a resist composition and a cationically polymerizable composition using them are provided. An aromatic sulfonium salt compound represented by the General Formula (I) below: (wherein each of E1 to E4 independently represents a substituent represented by the General Formula (II) below or the General Formula (III) below). Preferably, in the General Formula (I), r and s are 0; m and n are 0; or n and r are 0, and more preferably, one of m and s in the General Formula (I) is 1.

Abstract: This invention describes the use of resveratrol and curcumin, representatives of naturally occurring polyphenols, in their native form, after hydrogenation, and as their respective allyl derivatives, individually, in combination with themselves and other commercial monomers, to make representative varieties of polymers, e.g., polycarbonates (PC), polyurethanes (PU), co-polymers and biodegradable polymers.

Abstract: Bis-Phenol A (BPA) can now be replaced in industrial processes by BPA substitutes. The BPA substitutes can have structures that are derivatives of BPA. The BPA substitutes can be used in preparing epoxy composition, polycarbonate compositions, and polysulfonate compositions or for other uses in place of BPA.

Abstract: Phenolic molecular glasses such as calixarenes include at least one fluoroalcohol containing unit. The fluoroalcohol containing molecular glasses can be used in photoresist compositions. Also disclosed are processes for generating a resist image on a substrate using the photoresist composition.

Abstract: A flame-retardant compound has a structure represented by formula (2): (Ar2—O—CO—O—)nA2-X-A1(—O—CO—O—Ar1)m??(2) wherein A1 and A2 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group; X represents a divalent group represented by —S—, —O—, —CO—, —CN—, —CH2—, —C(CH3)2—, —CH(CH3)—, —NH—, —SO— or —SO2— Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group; and m and n each independently represents an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: Carbonates of anti-aging ingredients, in particular anti-oxidants and skin illuminating phenol ingredients, have been prepared as derivatives of these ingredients with enhanced physical properties. It has been demonstrated that these carbonates will hydrolyze under enzymatic catalysis to release the parent ingredient. In contrast, esters of the phenolic groups in many cases do not hydrolyze under the same conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polycarbonate comprising at least one phosphorus-containing group, to the use of the polycarbonate as flame retardant, to a process for producing a polyurethane by using this polycarbonate, and to a polyurethane obtain-able by this process.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to reagents and methods useful in the synthesis of aryl fluorides, for example, in the preparation of 18F labeled radiotracers. The reagents and methods provided herein may be used to access a broad range of compounds, including aromatic compounds, heteroaromatic compounds, amino acids, nucleotides, and synthetic compounds.

Abstract: Biocompatible, bioresorbable polymers comprising a plurality of monomeric repeating units containing an amide group, wherein said amide groups are N-substituted and the N-substituent and degree of N-substitution are effective to lower the melt viscosity, the solution viscosity, or both, compared to the same polymer without N-substitution.

Abstract: The invention provides a polycarbonate diol and a polycarbonate diol copolymer each having excellent mechanical performance, hydrolysis resistance, etc. and exhibiting excellent industrial productivity. The polycarbonate diol includes a repeating unit represented by formula (1), and the polycarbonate diol copolymer includes a repeating unit represented by formula (1) and a repeating unit represented by formula (3): (wherein each of Z1 and Z2 represents a C1 to C10 linear or branched alkanediyl group).

Abstract: A photoacid generator which can generate an acid efficiently when energy was absorbed, is excellent in the developing property and can form fine patterns, and a cationic polymerization initiator excellent in curability are provided; and a resist composition and a cationically polymerizable composition using them are provided. An aromatic sulfonium salt compound represented by the General Formula (I) below: (wherein each of E1 to E4 independently represents a substituent represented by the General Formula (II) below or the General Formula (III) below). Preferably, in the General Formula (I), r and s are 0; m and n are 0; or n and r are 0, and more preferably, one of m and s in the General Formula (I) is 1.

Abstract: A solid, hydrocarbon-insoluble, catalyst component useful in polymerizing olefins, said catalyst component containing magnesium, titanium, and halogen, and further containing an internal electron donor having a structure: [R1—O—C(O)—O—]xR2 wherein R1 is independently at each occurrence, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, or substituted hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; x is 2-4; and R2 is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, or substituted hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, provided that there are from 3 to 4 atoms in the shortest chain connecting a first R1—O—C(O)—O— group and a second R1—O—C(O)—O— group.

Abstract: A solid, hydrocarbon-insoluble, catalyst component useful in polymerizing olefins, said catalyst component containing magnesium, titanium, and halogen, and further containing an internal electron donor having a structure: [R1—O—C(O)—O—]xR2 wherein R1 is independently at each occurrence, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, or substituted hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; x is 2-4; and R2 is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, or substituted hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, provided that there are 2 atoms in the shortest chain connecting a first R1—O—C(O)—O— group and a second R1—O—C(O)—O— group.

Abstract: A compound shown by the following formula (1).

Abstract: The instant invention relates to new compounds of the formula I R1 and R2 are each independently of the other a fluorine containing group, R3 and R4 are each independently of the other hydrogen, a fluorine containing group, C1-C12alkyl, phenyl or R4, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a C5-C8-cycloalkylidene ring that is unsubstituted or substituted by from 1 to 3 C1-C4alkyl groups; R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently of the other hydrogen, C1-C12alkyl or C3-C12alkenyl, X1 and X2 are each independently of the other a direct bond or C1-C12alkylene, m is 1 to 10,000, and n is 0 to 10,000. These new compounds of the formula I are useful as reducers of surface energy for organic materials such as polycarbonates, polyesters or polyketones or their mixtures, blends or alloys.

Abstract: A thermoacid generator for antireflective film formation, characterized by being represented by the following formula (1): (wherein R1 represents C1-20 alkyl, alkenyl, oxoalkyl, or oxoalkenyl (hydrogen atoms in these groups may have been replaced with fluorine atoms); R2 represents linear, branched, or cyclic C1-20 alkyl, alkenyl, oxoalkyl, or oxoalkenyl, C6-20 aryl, or C7-12 aralkyl or aryloxoalkyl; R3 represents hydrogen or alkyl; and Y? represents a non-nucleophilic counter ion); a composition for forming an antireflective film; and an antireflective film made from the composition. With the thermoacid generator and composition, satisfactory etching resistance and the satisfactory ability to prevent the reflection of short-wavelength light (ability to absorb short-wavelength light) are attained. Furthermore, the antireflective film can inhibit an overlying photoresist film from generating a scum.

Abstract: Pyrocatechin derivatives of formula I wherein R illustrates a group of formulae Ia, Ib, Ic or Id R1 is 4-halogen-but-2-enyl, R2 is lower alkyl or cycloalkyl, R3 is lower alkoxy and R4 is lower alkoxy lower alkoxy, or, where R is a group of formula (Ia), it is hydroxy, hydroxy lower alkoxy or a group of formula Ie R5 is reactive esterified hydroxy, R6 is azido and R7 is lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, cycloalkyl or aryl lower alkyl, and their salts, are valuable intermediates in the production of active ingredients for medicaments.

Abstract: A flame-retardant compound has a structure represented by formula (1): —X-A1(-O—CO—O—Ar1)m ??(1) wherein A1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, X represents a divalent group represented —S—, —O—, —CO—, —CN—, —CH2—, —C(CH3)2—, —CH(CH3)—, —NH—, —SO— or —SO2—; Ar1 represents a substituted or substituted phenyl group; and m represents an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: An improved method for the preparation of ester-substituted diaryl carbonates prepared by reacting phosgene with recycle streams of ester-substituted phenols from reaction processes using a tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide catalyst, a tetraalkyl phosphonium hydroxide catalyst, or both, where at least one alkyl group of the tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide or the tetraalkyl phosphonium hydroxide is a methyl group. The improvement includes the step of treating the recycle stream to reduce the concentration of a trialkyl amine, trialkyl phosphine, or both, if present, from the recycle stream prior to reacting it with phosgene to form the ester-substituted diaryl carbonate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to alkyne compounds of the formula I P1—Y1-A1-Y3-(T1-B1-)m-T3-C?C-T4-(B2-T2-)n-Y4-A2-Y2—P2 ??(I) in which P1, P2 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, a polymerizable group or a group suitable for polymerization or a radical which carries a polymerizable group or a group suitable for polymerization, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 are each, independently of one another, a linking unit, B1, B2 are each, independently of one another, —C?C— or a linking group as defined for Y1 to Y4, A1, A2 are each, independently of one another, a single chemical bond or a spacer having from one to 30 carbon atoms, T1, T2, T3, T4 are each, independently of one another, a divalent saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical, and m, n are each, independently of one another, 0 or 1, with the proviso that at least one of the linking units Y3 or Y4 is a group —O—CO—O—, —O—CO—N(R)—, —(R)N—CO—O— or —(R)N—CO—N(R)—.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydroquinone compounds comprising, reacting an aromatic hydroxy compound with an oxidizing agent in a biphasic solvent system. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a transition metal hydroxy phosphate catalyst to produce the corresponding hydroquinone compound.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously producing an alkyl aryl ether and a diaryl carbonate by reacting a dialkyl carbonate and an aromatic alcohol in presence of a transesterification catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aromatic polycarbonate resin which comprises repetitive units originating in residual groups of a 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)adamantane compound and a 1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)adamantane compound having a substituent on an aromatic ring and which is excellent in a transparency, a heat resistance and a mechanical strength and has a good moldability and a production process for the aromatic polycarbonate resin described above in which the adamantane compounds described above are reacted with a carbonic ester-forming compound. Further, it relates to an aromatic polycarbonate resin which is excellent in an optical characteristic and an optical part prepared by molding the same.

Abstract: Alkyl ester end-capped polycarbonates have improved release properties and may be produced by a method comprising the step of combining a polycarbonate having free terminal OH groups with an end-capping reagent comprising a symmetrical activated carbonate and an alkyl ester, whereby the end-capping reagent reacts with at least some of the free hydroxyl end groups of the polycarbonate to produce an end-capped polycarbonate comprising optionally substituted aliphatic ester end groups.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aromatic carbonate is disclosed. The process entails reacting an aromatic hydroxy compound of the formula R—(O—H)k, with carbon monoxide and oxygen, optionally in a solvent and in the presence of catalyst components, characterized in that after an initial partial charge of R—(O—H)k to the reaction mixture, the balance thereof is subsequently metered into the reaction mixture at least once in the course of the reaction.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polyurethane useful for elastomers, elastic fibers and artificial leathers contains a polyaddition product of a diisocyanate and a chain extender with a liquid polyethercarbonate diol which is a reaction product of a carbonate compound with a polyether diol having structural units (a) (—(CH2)6—O—) and at least one member of structural units (b) (—(CH2)2—O) and (c) (—CH2CH(CH3)—O—), and in which the units (b) are present in an average number (n) of moles of 0 to 5 per mole of the units (a), the units (c) are present in an average number (m) of moles of 0 to 5 per mole of the units (a), and the total average number (n+m) of moles of the units (b) and (c) is more than 1 but not more than 5, per mole of the units (a).

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic polycarbonate oligomer according to an interfacial polymerization method comprising reacting an aqueous solution of a bisphenol compound and phosgene in the presence of an organic solvent in a reactor, removing reaction heat by cooling, utilizing vaporization latent heat of the organic solvent to be used, cooling vaporized organic solvent through a condenser and returning an exhaust gas from the condenser to the reactor and a process for producing an aromatic polycarbonate resin used the same.

Abstract: An improvement to the melt transesterification reaction of diaryl carbonate with dihydroxy aryl compound is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of an aromatic polycarbonate by a polycondensation reaction or a solid phase polymerization reaction under a flow of an inert gas, wherein an alcohol or a phenol, which is produced as a by-product, is separated from the inert gas using a scrubber. In accordance with the present invention, since the by-product can be separated efficiently, an aromatic polycarbonate can be produced under a flow of an inert gas by an efficient and simplified process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing quinoline-substituted carbonate and carbamate compounds, which are important intermediates in the synthesis of 6-O-substituted macrolide antibiotics. The process employs metal-catalyzed coupling reactions to provide a carbonate or carbamate of formula (I) or (II) or a substrate that can be reduced to obtain the same.

Abstract: Polycarbonate having increased end-cap levels is made by adding an end-capping agent to the polycarbonate, preferably after the polycarbonate has reached a number-average molecular weight of about 2,000 to 15,000 Dalton.

Abstract: Methods of preparing bis-protected guanidino groups of formula (IX) comprising the steps of reacting a compound of formula (VIII) with an amine, wherein R′ is a thiopseudourea protecting group. Guanidino (IX) may then be used to add a guanidino functionality to other compounds, in particular those with a reactive hydroxyl group to give a protected functional group —NH—C(NH)—NH—CO—O—(CR5R6)N—CR3R4—Y—R2.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aromatic carbonate is disclosed. The process entails reacting an aromatic hydroxy compound of the formula R—(O—H)k, with carbon monoxide and oxygen, optionally in a solvent and in the presence of catalyst components, characterized in that after an initial partial charge of R—(O—H)k to the reaction mixture, the balance thereof is subsequently metered into the reaction mixture at least once in the course of the reaction.

Abstract: A process for producing dialkyl carbonates, such as dimethyl carbonate, from the reaction of a primary alcohol with urea in the presence of a catalyst which is a complex compound represented by R2Sn(OCH3)2·&khgr;L, wherein R=CnH2n+1, n=1 to 12, &khgr;=1 or 2, and L is oxygen atom containing organic complexing agent which is carried out by conducting the reaction continuously under reactive distillation conditions wherein the product DMC is stripped from the reaction mixture with methanol and further including the recovery of product dimethyl carbonate (DMC) made in the process by contacting a stream containing the DMC, such as a azeotropic mixture with methanol, with diethyl oxylate under conditions of extractive distillation to selectively separate the DMC from methanol.

Abstract: An energy efficient series of mass and energy integrated reactive distillation columns and distillation columns are used to effect the production of diaryl carbonate. Utilizing the method or apparatus of the invention facilitates high diaryl carbonate production rates, and convenient recovery of unreacted starting materials and side-reaction products for recycle within the process for making diaryl carbonates or utilization in parallel reactions such as the manufacture of dialkyl carbonates. The method makes use of three reactive distillation columns and two rectification columns which are joined by a plurality of lines for transferring reactants and/or products into and out of the columns.

Abstract: Hydroxyaromatic compounds such as phenol are carbonylated with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Group VIIIB metal, preferably palladium; at least one bromide or chloride salt, preferably sodium bromide or a tetraalkylammonium bromide; at least one organic bisphosphine such as 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane or 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane; and a compound of a metal other than a Group VIII metal having an atomic number of at least 44, preferably a lead bromophenoxide. There may also be present a polar organic liquid as a cosolvent.

Abstract: Compounds of the invention having general formula ##STR1## are useful reagents for protecting amine, guanidine, amidine or hydroxyl groups during organic synthesis. In particular, compounds are useful during oligonucleotide synthesis to protect nucleobase amines as well as tethered amines used for attaching functional moieties to oligonucleotides.

Abstract: Novel monomers of the general formula ##STR1## where b is 0 or 1, a is 1, 2, 3 or 4, R.sup.2 is a monovalent alkyl radical and R is an organic radical. The novel monomers may be employed to produce novel copolymers useful as hydrogel, soft non-hydrogel and/or rigid gas permeable contact lens materials.