Abstract: This invention publishes new usages of kinds of carbonic ester compounds. The new usage described in this invention is related to the application of carbonic ester compounds in the preparation of solvents for chemiluminescent systems. This invention also provides luminescent compositions, luminescent liquids and oxidized liquids that contain carbonic ester compounds. Chemiluminescent compositions containing carbonic ester compounds can decrease reaction pressure effectively, facilitate reaction balance heading to luminescence reaction, generate larger luminescent output without adding catalyst, decrease the dosage of catalyst or not need adding catalyst, decrease influences of over-high output at the reaction start caused by catalyst on whole luminescent time, and ensure stable light output from luminescent compositions. Carbonic ester compounds, especially long carbon chain carbonic ester, have the characters of non-toxic and high flash point, and have suitable solubility on ordinary bis oxalate ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of an alkanediol and a dialkyl carbonate comprising: reacting an alkylene carbonate and an alkanol in the presence of a transesterification catalyst to obtain a reaction mixture comprising dialkyl carbonate, unconverted alkanol, alkanediol and unconverted alkylene carbonate; and then subjecting the mixture to separation in three distillation columns.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing dialkyl carbonate from urea or alkyl carbamate and alkyl alcohol using an ionic liquid comprising a cation, which produces a hydrogen ion, and a hydrophobic anion containing fluorine with high temperature stability in the presence of catalyst containing a metal oxide or hydrotalcite. Since the present invention can prepare dialkyl carbonate at a pressure lower than those of existing methods, it does not require an expensive pressure control device and peripheral devices for maintaining high pressure including the installation cost. It is also the method for preparing a dialkyl carbonate with high yield, thus improving economical efficiency. Moreover, the method of the present invention hardly produces any waste during the process and is thus an eco-friendly method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process comprising purifying dialkyl carbonates of the formula (II) in one or more columns in the presence of an alkylene oxide of the formula (V) and of an alkyl alcohol of the formula (IV) wherein R1 and R2 represent, independently of one another, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6-alkyl, R3 and R4 represent, independently of one another, hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C4-alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C4-alkenyl or substituted or unsubstituted C6-C12-aryl, and R5 represents a straight-chain or branched C1-C4-alkyl; and wherein the mean residence time of the dialkyl carbonate in the column(s) is from 0.3 h to 3 h.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for purifying a dialkyl carbonate/alkyl alcohol mixture in the preparation of dialkyl carbonate by catalysed transesterification of a cyclic alkylene carbonate (e.g. ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate) with alkyl alcohols. For the increase in the product quality of the dialkyl carbonate, the selection of the operating parameters of the dialkyl carbonate purification column are crucial, in order to reduce the formation of unwanted by-products such as alkoxy alcohols and aliphatic carbonate ethers.

Abstract: A method for producing a dialkyl carbonate and a diol, comprising: (a) effecting a transesterification reaction between a cyclic carbonate and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol in the presence of a transesterification catalyst, thereby obtaining a reaction mixture containing a product dialkyl carbonate and a product diol, (b) withdrawing a dialkyl carbonate-containing liquid from the reaction mixture, followed by separation of the dialkyl carbonate from the dialkyl carbonate-containing liquid, and (c) withdrawing a diol-containing liquid from the reaction mixture, followed by separation of the diol from the diol-containing liquid, wherein the cyclic carbonate contains a cyclic ether in an amount of from 0.1 to 3,000 ppm by weight, and the product dialkyl carbonate contains a carbonate ether of not more than 10,000 ppm by weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of remedying deterioration of an insulating film which, during the remedial treatment of an insulating film deteriorated by plasma treatment, does not leave residual remedial agent on the wiring material such as the copper wiring layer, can be conducted using a dry process, and exhibits excellent applicability to mass production. The insulating film that has been deteriorated by plasma treatment is brought into contact with a remedial agent composed of a compound with a molecular structure having at least one of a nitro group and a carbonyl group, and at least one of a hydrocarbon group and a hydrogen group.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an industrially advantageous process for simultaneously producing a symmetric dialkyl carbonate and an asymmetric dialkyl carbonate by performing a transesterification reaction of an alkylene carbonate with two or more kinds of alcohols; and a process for efficiently producing diethyl carbonate in high purity by performing transesterification of ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate with ethanol.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to carbon dioxide sequestration systems and methods. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method of sequestering carbon dioxide. The method can include mixing carbon dioxide with an alcohol to form a reaction mixture and contacting the reaction mixture with a metal oxide catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to produce a carbonate as a reaction product. In an embodiment, the invention includes a carbon dioxide sequestration system. The system can include a carbon dioxide supply source, an alcohol supply source, and a reaction vessel. A metal oxide catalyst can be disposed within the reaction vessel. The system can be configured to mix carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide supply source with an alcohol from the alcohol supply source to form a reaction mixture and contact the reaction mixture with the metal oxide catalyst. Other embodiments are also described herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactor system comprising: —one or more purification zones comprising an absorbent which comprises silver, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, and a support material having a surface area of more than 20 m2/g, and —a reaction zone comprising a catalyst, which reaction zone is positioned downstream from the one or more purification zones; an absorbent; a process for reacting a feed comprising one or more feed components; and a process for preparing a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, a 1,2-carbonate, or an alkanolamine.

Abstract: A process for industrially producing dialkyl carbonate and a diol continuously through a reactive distillation system is disclosed. The process includes the steps of taking a cyclic carbonate and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol as starting materials, continuously feeding the starting materials into a continuous multi-stage distillation column in which a catalyst is present, carrying out reaction and distillation simultaneously in the column, continuously withdrawing a low boiling point reaction mixture containing the produced dialkyl carbonate from an upper portion of the column in a gaseous form, and continuously withdrawing a high boiling point reaction mixture containing the diol from a lower portion of the column in a liquid form. According to the present invention, there is provided a specific continuous multi-stage distillation column having a specified structure, and a production process using this continuous multi-stage distillation column.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a specific apparatus and process for using a single distillation column on a low boiling point reaction mixture containing a large amount of a dialkyl carbonate and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol produced through a reactive distillation process of taking a cyclic carbonate and the aliphatic monohydric alcohol as starting materials, continuously feeding the starting materials into a continuous multi-stage distillation column in which a homogeneous catalyst is present, and carrying out reaction and distillation simultaneously in the column, so as to separate the low boiling point reaction mixture by distillation into a column top component BT having the aliphatic monohydric alcohol as a main component thereof and a column bottom component BB having the dialkyl carbonate as a main component thereof stably for a prolonged period of time industrially.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for preparing lower dialkyl carbonates as main product and alkylene glycol as by-product by transesterification of a cyclic alkylene carbonate (e.g. ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate) with lower alkyl alcohols in the presence of a catalyst and also the required purification of the dialkyl carbonate in a subsequent process step. To optimize the economics and energy efficiency of the process, additional devices are used for intermediate heating of the liquid streams in the apparatus.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbonic ester, characterized in that an aromatic monohydroxy compound or an aliphatic monohydroxy compound is subjected to oxidative carbonylation with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst using a compound having a carbonate bond as a reaction solvent. A process for producing a polycarbonate, characterized in that an aromatic dihydroxy compound or an aliphatic dihydroxy compound is subjected to oxidative carbonylation with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst using a compound having a carbonate bond as a reaction solvent is also described. The carbonic ester can be produced with a higher yield and at a higher reaction rate and, also, a polycarbonate having a higher molecular weight as compared with the conventional method can be produced with a higher yield and at a higher reaction rate.

Abstract: The present invention is related to substituted butanol derivatives of the formula: wherein R is an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 straight chain alkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 branched chain alkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 straight chain alkenyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 branched chain alkenyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkoxy, nitrile, halo, amino, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylamino, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 dialkylamino, carboxy-C1-6 alkylamino, carboxy-C1-6 dialkylamino, an unsubstituted or substituted acetoxy, carboxy, an unsubstituted or substituted carboxyethyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylcarboxy, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylthio, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkyloxy, carboxamido, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylcarboxamido or an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 dialkylcarboxa

Abstract: Redox flow devices are described in which at least one of the positive electrode or negative electrode-active materials is a semi-solid or is a condensed ion-storing electroactive material, and in which at least one of the electrode-active materials is transported to and from an assembly at which the electrochemical reaction occurs, producing electrical energy. The electronic conductivity of the semi-solid is increased by the addition of conductive particles to suspensions and/or via the surface modification of the solid in semi-solids (e.g., by coating the solid with a more electron conductive coating material to increase the power of the device). High energy density and high power redox flow devices are disclosed. The redox flow devices described herein can also include one or more inventive design features. In addition, inventive chemistries for use in redox flow devices are also described.

Abstract: A method for producing dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide using a heterogeneous catalyst is described. The heterogeneous catalyst provides both acidic sites and basic sites. The reaction can be carried out at atmospheric pressure and relatively low temperatures.

Abstract: An asymmetric chain carbonate can be produced in a single-step reaction comprising a step of reacting methyl nitrite, carbon monoxide, and 0.05-1.5 moles of an aliphatic alcohol having 2-6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic alcohol having 5-6 carbon atoms per one mole of methyl nitrile in a gaseous phase in the presence of a solid catalyst comprising a platinum group metal or a compound thereof placed on a support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a special process for purifying dialkyl carbonates. In particular, the present invention relates to a continuous process for purifying a dialkyl carbonate/alcohol-mixture in the preparation of lower dialkyl carbonate by catalysed transesterification of a cyclic alkylene carbonate (e.g. ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate) with lower alcohols. To optimize the economics and energy efficiency of the process, an apparatus for intermediate heating of the internal liquid stream is used.

Abstract: A solid, hydrocarbon-insoluble, catalyst component useful in polymerizing olefins, said catalyst component containing magnesium, titanium, and halogen, and further containing an internal electron donor having a structure: [R1—O—C(O)—O—]xR2 wherein R1 is independently at each occurrence, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, or substituted hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; x is 2-4; and R2 is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, or substituted hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, provided that there are 2 atoms in the shortest chain connecting a first R1—O—C(O)—O— group and a second R1—O—C(O)—O— group.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling sensation agent composition with a prolonged cool sensation effect comprising at least one compound selected from Formula (1) wherein each of A and B is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group which may have one or more substituents, in which A and B are not hydrogen atoms simultaneously, and the total number of carbon atoms in A and B is in the range of 6 to 18; and Formulae (2) to (4) wherein R1, R2, and R3 each represent a residue of an alcohol selected from 1-menthol, 1-isopulegol, 3-(1-menthoxy)propan-1,2-diol, 2-(1-menthoxy)ethan-1-ol, 3-(1-menthoxy)propan-1-ol, 2-methyl-3-(1-menthoxy)propan-1,2-diol and para-menthan-3,8-diol), and R4 represents a residue of a branched or straight-chain, cyclic or linear, or saturated or unsaturated alcohol having 6 to 18 carbon atoms that may have one or more aromatic rings that may have a condensed ring and substituent groups such as hydroxyl and ether groups; and R6 represents a hydrocarbon group having 11 to 19 carbon atoms that may

Abstract: Processes for the alcoholysis, inclusive of transesterification and/or disproportionation, of reactants are disclosed. The alcoholysis process may include feeding reactants and a trace amount of soluble organometallic compound to a reactor comprising a solid alcoholysis catalyst, wherein the soluble organometallic compound and the solid alcoholysis catalyst each independently comprise a Group II to Group VI element, which may be the same element in various embodiments. As an example, diphenyl carbonate may be continuously produced by performing transesterification over a solid catalyst followed by disproportionation, where a trace amount of soluble organometallic compound is fed to the transesterification reactor.

Abstract: A method for neutralizing or reducing the carbon footprint from carbon dioxide emissions due to human activities related to the combustion or use of carbon containing fuels. This method includes an initial step of capturing carbon dioxide and then chemically recycling it to form and provide a permanent inexhaustible supply of carbon containing fuels or products, which subsequently can be combusted or used without increasing the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere. Thus, the current lifestyles that rely extensively on conventional carbon containing fuels and products can continue indefinitely without harming the environment to preserve and even improve the earth's atmosphere for the benefit of future generations.

Abstract: A system and method for a high shear mechanical device incorporated into a process for the production of acetic anhydride as a reactor device is shown to be capable of decreasing mass transfer limitations, thereby enhancing the process. A system for the production of acetic anhydride including the mixing of catalyst and acetic acid via a high shear device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for preparing lower dialkyl carbonates as main product and alkylene glycol as by-product by catalyzed transesterification of a cyclic alkylene carbonate (e.g. ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate) with lower alcohols, where the reaction of the alkylene carbonate is carried out with an alcohol containing dialkyl carbonate in countercurrent, characterized in that introduction of a stream containing at least 99.5% by weight of alcohol takes place below the point of introduction for the alcohol containing dialkyl carbonate in a particular spacing ratio between the abovementioned points of introduction.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a specific industrial separation process that enables an alcohol to be separated out efficiently and stably for a prolonged period of time from a large amount of a low boiling point reaction mixture containing a by-produced alcohol when mass-producing aromatic carbonates on an industrial scale by subjecting a dialkyl carbonate and an aromatic monohydroxy compound to transesterification reaction in a reactive distillation column in which a catalyst is present. Although there have been various proposals regarding processes for the production of aromatic carbonates by means of a reactive distillation method, these have all been on a small scale and short operating time laboratory level, and there have been no disclosures whatsoever on a specific process or apparatus enabling mass production on an industrial scale to be carried out stably for a prolonged period of time.

Abstract: Disclosed are new dialkyl carbonates and their use in cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for the synthesis of organic carbonates, the preparation of the catalyst and the application of this catalyst in the synthesis of organic carbonates from reacting urea and hydroxyl group containing compounds. The catalyst provided in this invention is a calcinate of hydrous salt containing rare earth element at a moderate calcining temperature.

Abstract: A method of forming a dialkyl carbonate stream, includes obtaining a byproduct stream from a diaryl carbonate formation reaction that has alkanol, residual dialkyl carbonate, and residual aromatic compound. This byproduct stream is introduced to a distillation column to produce an alkanol tops stream and a first dialkyl carbonate bottoms stream. The alkanol tops stream is reacted with oxygen, carbon monoxide, and catalyst to form a second dialkyl carbonate stream that is introduced to the distillation column. The alkanol tops stream from the column contains alkanol, dialkyl carbonate, and less than 20 ppm aromatic compound. The first dialkyl carbonate bottoms stream from the column contains dialkyl carbonate, water, aromatic compound, and less than 2,000 ppm alkanol and is introduced to a water separation device to produce a product dialkyl carbonate stream and a water stream.

Abstract: Omega-3 lipid compounds of the general formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkylthio group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carboxy group, an alkylsulfinyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an amino group, and an alkylamino group; P represents a hydrogen atom, (Formula II) wherein P2, P3, and P4 are chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, and a C14-C22 alkenyl group, wherein the alkyl and alkenyl groups are optionally substituted with a hydroxy group, (Formula III), (Formula IV), or (Formula V); and Y is a C14-C22 alkenyl group with at least one double bond, having E and/or Z configuration; or any pharmaceutically acceptable complex, solvate, salt or pro-drug thereof, with the proviso that R1 and R2 are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of forming dialkyl carbonate wherein catalyst buildup in the reaction equipment, the separation equipment, and transfer lines there between is reduced and even eliminated. In one embodiment, the method includes introducing alkanol, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and a catalyst to a reactor having a gaseous head space and a liquid body space. The reactor is operated under conditions to form dialkyl carbonate and water. A product stream containing dialkyl carbonate, water, and residual reactants is removed from the head space of the reactor and introduced to a cyclone with a flushing stream. A liquid bottom stream is captured from the cyclone and introduced to the reactor. The gaseous top stream contains product dialkyl carbonate.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide, for a case of producing a dialkyl carbonate and a diol from a cyclic carbonate and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol, a process that simultaneously satisfies the cyclic carbonate conversion being high, the selectivities for the dialkyl carbonate and diol to be produced being high, and a high-purity diol having a high UV transmittance and a low aldehyde content being obtained without carrying out complicated treatment such as feeding water into a diol distillation purification step.

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst for dimethyl carbonate synthesis which has a high conversion rate under the supercritical condition of CO2 and can be handled easily. The catalyst for dimethyl carbonate is obtained by loading SO42? or PO43? on a carrier composed of a compound having a solid acid site, and is used to produce dimethyl carbonate from acetone dimethyl carbonate and CO2 in a supercritical state. The component having a solid acid site is preferably one or more of ZrO2, Al2O3, and TiO2.

Abstract: An alkylene carbonate and an alkanol are subjected to transesterification to yield a dialkyl carbonate and alkanediol in a process comprising (a) introducing the alkylene carbonate and an alkanol feedstock into a reaction zone to react in the presence of a transesterification catalyst to yield an alkanediol-rich stream and a stream comprising dialkyl carbonate and alkanol, which streams are separated; (b) passing the stream comprising dialkyl carbonate and alkanol to an extractive distillation zone in which an extractant is added to the stream; (c) obtaining from the extractive distillation zone an alkanol-rich vapor stream and a bottom stream containing the extractant and the dialkyl carbonate; (d) separating the bottom stream from step (c) in a second non-extractive distillation zone to yield a dialkyl carbonate-rich top stream and a extractant-rich bottom stream; and (e) at least partly recycling the extractant-rich bottom stream to the extractive distillation zone, wherein the extractant-rich bottom str

Abstract: This invention publishes new usages of kinds of carbonic ester compounds. The new usage described in this invention is related to the application of carbonic ester compounds in the preparation of solvents for chemiluminescent systems. This invention also provides luminescent compositions, luminescent liquids and oxidized liquids that contain carbonic ester compounds. Chemiluminescent compositions containing carbonic ester compounds can decrease reaction pressure effectively, facilitate reaction balance heading to luminescence reaction, generate larger luminescent output without adding catalyst, decrease the dosage of catalyst or not need adding catalyst, decrease influences of over-high output at the reaction start caused by catalyst on whole luminescent time, and ensure stable light output from luminescent compositions. Carbonic ester compounds, especially long carbon chain carbonic ester, have the characters of non-toxic and high flash point, and have suitable solubility on ordinary bis oxalate ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing methanol from a methane source by oxidizing methane under conditions sufficient to a mixture of methanol and formaldehyde while minimizing the formation of formic acid and carbon dioxide. The oxidation step is followed by treatment step in which formaldehyde is converted into methanol and formic acid which itself can further be converted into methanol via catalytic hydrogenation of intermediately formed methyl formate.

Abstract: An alkanediol and a dialkyl carbonate are prepared in a process comprising: (a) reacting an alkylene carbonate and an alkanol feedstock in a reaction zone under transesterification conditions to obtain a product mixture of dialkyl carbonate, unconverted alkanol, the alkanediol, and unconverted alkylene carbonate; (b) separating dialkyl carbonate and unconverted alkanol from the product mixture to obtain a bottom product stream containing alkanediol and unconverted alkylene carbonate; (c) recovering the dialkyl carbonate; and (d) separating alkanediol from the bottom product stream to leave a recycle stream comprising unconverted alkylene carbonate, wherein the recycle stream comprising unconverted alkylene carbonate is split in at least two portions, and at least one portion is recycled to the reaction zone and another portion is subjected to hydrolysis to yield alkanediol and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: An alkanediol and a dialkyl carbonate are prepared in a process comprising: (a) reacting an alkylene carbonate and an alkanol feedstock in a first reaction zone under transesterification conditions to obtain a product mixture of dialkyl carbonate, unconverted alkanol, the alkanediol, unconverted alkylene carbonate and dimers of the alkanediol; (b) separating dialkyl carbonate and alkanol from the product mixture to obtain a bottom product stream containing alkanediol, unconverted alkylene carbonate and dimers of the alkanediol; (c) recovering the dialkyl carbonate; and (d) separating alkanediol from the bottom product stream to leave a recycle stream comprising unconverted alkylene carbonate and dimers of the alkanediol, which process further comprises (e) passing at least part of the recycle stream to a second reaction zone in which the dimers of the alkanediol are converted to higher-boiling oligomers of alkanediol, yielding an oligomers-containing effluent; (f) separating the higher-boiling oligomers from

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst for dimethyl carbonate synthesis which has a high conversion rate under the supercritical condition of CO2 and can be handled easily. The catalyst for dimethyl carbonate is obtained by loading SO42? or PO43? on a carrier composed of a compound having a solid acid site, and is used to produce dimethyl carbonate from acetone dimethyl carbonate and CO2 in a supercritical state. The component having a solid acid site is preferably one or more of ZrO2, Al2O3, and TiO2.

Abstract: A catalytic system for an oxidative carbonylation reaction is provided, which includes a metal organohalogen catalyst, at least one organic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic adjuvant, and an inorganic co-catalyst, wherein the inorganic co-catalyst is selected from carboxylates, nitrates, halides, oxides, and complexes of lead, lanthanum, titanium, tungsten, and dysprosium. The process for producing a dialkyl carbonate by performing a liquid-phase oxidative carbonylation reaction of an alcohol in the presence of the catalytic system is significantly improved, and the conversion and selectivity of the catalytic reaction are increased.

Abstract: A method for producing an aromatic carbonate, comprising: (1) performing a reaction between an organometal compound and carbon dioxide to obtain a reaction mixture containing a dialkyl carbonate formed by the reaction, (2) separating the dialkyl carbonate from the reaction mixture to obtain a residual liquid, (3) reacting the residual liquid with an alcohol to form at least one organometal compound and form water and removing the water from the organometal compound, and (4) reacting the dialkyl carbonate separated in step (2) with an aromatic hydroxy compound to obtain an aromatic carbonate.

Abstract: A method for producing a dialkyl carbonate and a diol, comprising: (a) effecting a transesterification reaction between a cyclic carbonate and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol in the presence of a transesterification catalyst, thereby obtaining a reaction mixture containing a product dialkyl carbonate and a product diol, (b) withdrawing a dialkyl carbonate-containing liquid from the reaction mixture, followed by separation of the dialkyl carbonate from the dialkyl carbonate-containing liquid, and (c) withdrawing a diol-containing liquid from the reaction mixture, followed by separation of the diol from the diol-containing liquid, wherein the cyclic carbonate contains a cyclic ether in an amount of from 0.1 to 3,000 ppm by weight, and the product dialkyl carbonate contains a carbonate ether of not more than 10,000 ppm by weight.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbonic ester, characterized in that an aromatic monohydroxy compound or an aliphatic monohydroxy compound is subjected to oxidative carbonylation with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst using a compound having a carbonate bond as a reaction solvent. A process for producing a polycarbonate, characterized in that an aromatic dihydroxy compound or an aliphatic dihydroxy compound is subjected to oxidative carbonylation with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst using a compound having a carbonate bond as a reaction solvent is also described. The carbonic ester can be produced with a higher yield and at a higher reaction rate and, also, a polycarbonate having a higher molecular weight as compared with the conventional method can be produced with a higher yield and at a higher reaction rate.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a specific process that enables dialkyl carbonates and diols to be produced on an industrial scale of not less than 2 ton/hr and not less than 1.3 ton/hr respectively with high selectivity and high productivity stably for a prolonged period of time through a reactive distillation system of taking cyclic carbonates and aliphatic monohydric alcohols as starting materials, continuously feeding the starting materials into a continuous multi-stage distillation column in which a catalyst is present, and carrying out reaction and distillation simultaneously in the column. Although there have been many proposals regarding processes for the production of the dialkyl carbonates and the diols through a reactive distillation method, these have all been on a small scale and short operating time laboratory level, and there have been no disclosures whatsoever on a specific process or apparatus enabling mass production on an industrial scale.

Abstract: A method of making a dialkyl carbonate comprises: reacting, in a reactor comprising tantalum, an alkanol, oxygen, and carbon monoxide, in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction occurs in a mixture comprising a liquid phase wherein the liquid phase comprises about 4 to about 12 weight percent water based on the total weight of the liquid phase.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a solution by providing a specific process that enables a dialkyl carbonate and a diol to be produced on an industrial scale of not less than 2 ton/hr and not less than 1.3 ton/hr respectively with high selectivity and high productivity stably for a prolonged period of time through a reactive distillation system of taking a cyclic carbonate and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol as starting materials, continuously feeding the starting materials into a continuous multi-stage distillation column in which a catalyst is present, and carrying out reaction and distillation simultaneously in the column. Although there have been many proposals regarding processes for the production of the dialkyl carbonate and the diol through a reactive distillation method, these have all been on a small scale and short operating time laboratory level, and there have been no disclosures whatsoever on a specific process or apparatus enabling mass production on an industrial scale.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for producing dimethyl carbonate, wherein carbon dioxide is recovered from combustion exhaust gas of a steam reformer 10 and a boiler; and some of the recovered carbon dioxide is used for methanol synthesis as a raw material for the steam reformer 10, and the remaining carbon dioxide is allowed to react with some of the yielded methanol to synthesize dimethyl carbonate. According to the present invention, CO2, which has conventionally been discharged, is returned to the steam reformer and is used effectively to produce DMC, and also devices for producing methanol and DMC can be simplified.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolytic solution which can give excellent cycle characteristics. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution contains a linear carbonate represented by the formula (1): wherein, in the formula (1), Xa represents each independently hydrogen or any group; Ra represents optionally substituted alkyl; and n represents an integer of zero or more.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbonic ester, characterized in that an aromatic monohydroxy compound or an aliphatic monohydroxy compound is subjected to oxidative carbonylation with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst using a compound having a carbonate bond as a reaction solvent. A process for producing a polycarbonate, characterized in that an aromatic dihydroxy compound or an aliphatic dihydroxy compound is subjected to oxidative carbonylation with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst using a compound having a carbonate bond as a reaction solvent is also described. The carbonic ester can be produced with a higher yield and at a higher reaction rate and, also, a polycarbonate having a higher molecular weight as compared with the conventional method can be produced with a higher yield and at a higher reaction rate.

Abstract: Processes for the alcoholysis, inclusive of transesterification and/or disproportionation, of reactants are disclosed. The alcoholysis process may include feeding reactants and a trace amount of soluble organometallic compound to a reactor comprising a solid alcoholysis catalyst, wherein the soluble organometallic compound and the solid alcoholysis catalyst each independently comprise a Group II to Group VI element, which may be the same element in various embodiments. As an example, diphenyl carbonate may be continuously produced by performing transesterification over a solid catalyst followed by disproportionation, where a trace amount of soluble organometallic compound is fed to the transesterification reactor.