Abstract: Disclosed is a method for continuously producing a dialkyl carbonate and a diol, comprising: (1) feeding a cyclic carbonate and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol to a continuous multi-stage distillation column, and effecting a transesterification in the presence of a catalyst in the multi-stage distillation column and/or at least one transesterification reactor which communicates fluid-tightly with the distillation column, while continuously withdrawing a low boiling point gaseous mixture containing the produced dialkyl carbonate from a upper portion of the distillation column and a high boiling point liquid mixture from a lower portion of the distillation column; and (2) continuously feeding water and the high boiling point mixture to a hydrolysis reactor, to thereby effect a continuous hydrolysis of the unreacted cyclic carbonate contained therein and produce a diol and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbonic acid diester, which comprises carrying out a reaction in a vapor phase of an alcohol, carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst in a fluidized-bed reactor so that an oxidative carbonylation of the alcohol occurs, thereby obtaining a carbonic acid diester, wherein a heat of reaction is removed by the latent heat of vaporization of the alcohol as a raw material. In the process, for example, either at least part of the alcohol may be directly fed in liquid phase into the fluidized bed or cooling pipes are disposed in the fluidized bed and at least part of the alcohol is introduced in liquid phase into the cooling pipes as a heat transfer medium so that the liquid alcohol is vaporized and fed into the fluidized-bed reactor. Carbon monoxide may be introduced together with the liquid alcohol into the cooling pipes.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbonic acid diester, a method of removing CO.sub.2 and an absorbent for CO.sub.2 and an apparatus therefor are provided and are capable of selective removing of CO.sub.2 by absorption from a CO-containing gas admixed with CO.sub.2 which is recovered from a reactor to thereby enable recycling CO to the reactor for use. The invention is characterized by (1) carrying out a reaction of an alcohol, carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen in a reactor and withdrawing a gas (i) which contains CO and CO.sub.2 produced as a by-product of the reaction from the reactor; (2) contacting the withdrawn gas (i) with an alcohol solution so that at least part of the CO.sub.2 contained in the gas (i) is absorbed by the alcohol solution and removed from the gas (i), thereby obtaining a CO-containing gas (ii), and (3) recycling the CO-containing gas (ii) to the reactor. It is preferred that the gas (i) is subjected to vapor-liquid separation and a separated gas is contacted with the alcohol solution.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds of Formula (XX) and Formula (XXIV), shown below, and processes of making same. ##STR1## wherein p is 0 ##STR2## wherein p is 1, and Y is chlorine or bromine.

Abstract: A process for the production of a carbonic diester, wherein an alcohol is reacted in a reaction zone with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of (a) metallic copper or a copper compound, (b) a heterocyclic compound containing one or more nitrogen atoms in the cyclic skeleton and (c) a glycol ether represented by the following formula (I):R.sup.1 O--(CHR.sup.2 --CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sup.3 (I)wherein R.sup.1 stands for an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 stands for a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 stands for a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and n is an integer of from 1 to 12.

Abstract: A process for producing an unsymmetrical chain carbonic acid ester is described, which comprises reacting a first symmetrical chain carbonic acid ester with a second symmetrical chain carbonic acid ester or a monohydric alcohol in the presence of a catalyst comprising as an active catalyst component an oxide of at least one element selected from the Group IIIB elements of the periodic table.

Abstract: A process of contacting a feedstream containing dioxygen, carbon monoxide, ether, and alkanol, which can be vaporized under conditions of reaction, with a blend of catalysts which are heterogeneous to the feedstream, under conditions of reaction sufficient to form a mixture containing at least one higher molecular weight oxygenated organic compound is described. In another aspect, this invention relates to a blend of catalysts consisting of at least one molecular sieve, natural or synthetic, which has been found useful for hydrocarbon conversion reactions and a catalyst comprising a metal halide or a mixed metal halide supported on active carbon, which is effective in catalyzing direct formation of organic carbonates.

Abstract: A porous lithium aluminate carrier for catalyst has a spinel structure which has a mean pore diameter in the range of 40 to 1,000 angstroms and a total pore volume in the range of 0.2 to 1.5 mL/g. The porous lithium aluminate carrier can be used for supporting a catalyst compound containing a platinum group metal. The catalyst on the carrier can be favorably employed for promoting catalytic reaction of a nitrite ester and carbon monoxide to prepare a carbonate diester such as dimethyl carbonate.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonate is prepared by reacting an alcohol with a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of cuprous chloride as catalyst and hydrochloric acid as in situ regenerator of the catalyst.

Abstract: Acidic and salt impurities are removed from a condensed phase obtained from dimethyl carbonate synthesis by obtaining the condensed phase from the effluent of a reactor in which carbon monoxide, oxygen and methanol are reacted to form dimethyl carbonate, the condensed phase containing acid and salt impurities, and partially evaporating the condensed phase in an evaporator thereby preparing an evaporated stream substantially free of impurities and a residual bottom stream.

Abstract: A novel carbonate compound represented by the general formula [I]:R.sup.1 CH.sub.2 O--CO--OCH.sub.2 R.sup.2 [I]wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having no hydrogen atom at the .alpha.-position thereof or an alkyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms having no hydrogen atom at the .alpha.-position thereof, with the proviso that R.sup.1 is not identical to R.sup.2, which has excellent properties as solvent, is disclosed. A non-aqueous electrolytic solution and a battery utilizing the novel carbonate compound are also disclosed.

Abstract: Method for removing the acidic impurities contained in a vaporized stream consisting of an alkanol, an alkyl carbonate, water and still other organic species in minor amounts, which method consists in sending said stream to a solid adsorption reactor comprising alumina or activated charcoal.

Abstract: Dimethyl carbonate ((CH.sub.3 O).sub.2 CO) is continuously produced by a catalytic reaction (first step) of CO with CH.sub.3 NO.sub.2, with a significantly reduced loss of CH.sub.3 ONO by the process including a second step wherein (CH.sub.3 O).sub.2 CO in a reaction product gas of the first step is absorbed by dimethyl oxalate while contacting the resultant liquid fraction with CO to recover CH.sub.3 ONO, a third step wherein CH.sub.3 ONO is regenerated from NO in the condensed gas fraction produced in the second step and molecular oxygen and CH.sub.3 OH introduced into the third step, the resultant regenerated gas fraction being recycled and reused as a feed gas for the first step, and a fourth step wherein (CH.sub.3 O).sub.2 CO contained in the liquid fraction of the second step is collected.

Abstract: C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -Dialkyl carbonates can be obtained from the corresponding C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanols, carbon monoxide and oxygen by reacting these substances in the presence of Cu salts, the water of reaction being limited to less than 10 wt % in the reaction mixture by at least partial withdrawal.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbonate compounds having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R' are, the same or different, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or an arylalkyl group is proposed; the process comprises reacting urea or derivatives thereof with appropriate alcohols or phenols and preparing the carbonate compounds via a multiple-step synthesis process.

Abstract: A process for making a dialkyl carbonate which comprises reacting urea with a first alcohol in a carbamate reactor at a temperature and pressure sufficient to convert said urea to an alkyl carbamate; and reacting the alkyl carbamate with a second alcohol in the presence of a dialkyl isocyanato alkoxy tin catalyst or derivatives in a carbonate reactor at a temperature and pressure sufficient to convert the alkyl carbamate to a dialkyl carbonate, wherein the molar ratio of alkyl carbamate to second alcohol is in the range between about 2:1 to about 10:1 and wherein dialkyl carbonate is present within the carbonate reactor in an amount between about 1 to about 3 weight %, based on total alkyl carbamate and second alcohol content, and wherein the second alcohol is either the same as or different from the first alcohol or a mixture of alcohols.

Abstract: In an exothermic liquid-phase reaction involving a liquid reactant and a gaseous reactant, the gas from the reactor vapor phase is subjected to gas-liquid separation and the non-condensible gas thus separated is recycled to the reactor liquid phase. As the non-condensible gas is recycled to the reactor liquid phase, the liquid components in the liquid phase are vaporized and the resulting latent heat of vaporization removes heat. Therefore, the reaction temperature can be easily controlled by regulating the flow rate of the non-condensible gas so recycled. This method of controlling the reaction temperature can be applied with particular advantage to a commercial process for producing a carbonic ester from an alcohol, carbon monoxide and oxygen.

Abstract: A process is described for working up liquid reaction mixtures such as are formed during dimethyl carbonate preparation by oxidative carbonylation of methanol in the presence of a copper-containing catalyst, which process permits a simple separation of the water of reaction from the dimethyl carbonate. In this process, in a first distillation column, the water of reaction is taken from the bottom of the column; the top product from the first column is separated in a second column, under increased pressure, into dimethyl carbonate as bottom product and into a top product which is predominantly composed of methanol. The top product from the distillative working-up in the second column, which is predominantly composed of methanol, is recycled to the reaction process.

Abstract: Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is prepared by continuous gas reaction of carbon monoxide and methyl nitrite a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a platinum at 50.degree. to 170.degree. C. under 1 to 5 bar.

Abstract: The reaction between methanol, carbon monoxide and oxygen for preparing dimethyl carbonate, in the presence of cuprous chloride as the catalyst, is carried out in a special reactor constituted by two parallel, vertical tubes, at the base of one of which the fresh gas and the recycle gas are fed; the reaction products are separated by partially condensing the recirculate vapors.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing dialkyl carbonates by the reaction of one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds selected from urea, methyl carbamate and ethyl carbamate with methanol and/or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst under pressure at 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. and the process does not use poisonous phosgene or carbon monoxide as raw material and readily yields dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate in simple equipment.

Abstract: A process for producing dimethyl carbonate is carried out by a first step of catalytically reacting carbon monoxide with methyl nitrite to produce dimethyl carbonate; a second step of absorbing dimethyl carbonate contained in a gas fraction withdrawn from the first step by dimethyl oxalate; a third step of regenerating methyl nitrite by contacting nitrogen monoxide contained in a gas fraction withdrawn from the second step with a molecular oxygen-containing gas and methyl alcohol; a fourth step of collecting dimethyl carbonate by distilling a liquid fraction withdrawn from the second step; and a fifth step of producing and recovering methyl nitrite from a purge gas consisting of a minor portion of a gas fraction withdrawn from one of the second step and the third step by bringing the purge gas together with an ammonia-oxidation product gas into contact with methyl alcohol in a methyl nitrite-recovering column, to thereby produce and recover methyl nitrite contained in the recovering column with a high efficie

Abstract: A method is described enabling HCl and possible entrained CuCl particulate to be removed from a gas-vapor stream leaving a dimethylcarbonate synthesis reactor. The contaminant removal is effected by one of the process fluids used in a small quantity.

Abstract: The preparation of dimethyl carbonate by reaction of methanol, carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of Cu compounds is carried out in distillation units and the water of reaction is removed at least partially from the stripping region or the bottom phase.

Abstract: A process for producing dimethyl carbonate is carried out by a first step of catalytically reacting carbon monoxide with methyl nitrite to produce dimethyl carbonate; a second step of absorbing dimethyl carbonate contained in a gas fraction withdrawn from the first step by dimethyl oxalate; a third step of regenerating methyl nitrite by contacting nitrogen monoxide contained in a gas fraction withdrawn from the second step with a molecular oxygen-containing gas and methyl alcohol; a fourth step of collecting dimethyl carbonate by distilling a liquid fraction withdrawn from the second step; and a fifth step of recovering methyl nitrite from a purge gas consisting of a portion of a regenerated gas fraction withdrawn from the third step by absorbing methyl nitrite in the purge gas by methyl alcohol to provide a methyl nitrite-containing liquid fraction and a nitrogen monoxide-containing gas fraction and bringing the gas fraction into contact with a molecular oxygen and methyl alcohol, to convert nitrogen monoxid

Abstract: A first alkanol having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms can be separated off from other organic compounds of higher carbon number from the group comprising other alcohols, polyalcohols, ethers, oxo compounds, esters of carboxylic acids and of carbonic acid, haloaliphatics, amines, amides, hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids and nitriles, which in each case have at least 1 carbon atom more than the first alkanol, where in the case of halogenoaliphatics, halogen substituents are counted as further carbon atoms, by permeation on membranes, if a water content from 1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 5 to 15% by weight, based on the amount of mixture and water, is maintained.

Abstract: Dimethyl carbonate is obtained with a high selectivity and great constancy over time by reacting carbon monoxide with methyl nitrite in a continuous gas phase reaction in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst prepared by the application to a suitable support of one or more palladium compounds of the formula[Pd(N(R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3)).sub.n ]X.sup.1.sub.2 (I) ,wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X.sup.1 and n are as defined in the disclosure, optionally in combination with one or more promoters from the group consisting of the elements Fe, Co, Ni, V, Nb, Mo, Ta, Ti, Cu and Cr, the rare earths and/or compounds thereof, and/or with one or more promoters from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal halides.

Abstract: A process is provided for synthesis of dialkylcarbonate, e.g., dimethylcarbonate, by reacting an alcohol, e.g., methanol, with a cyclic carbonate, e.g., propylene carbonate, in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alkaline earth metal halide, e.g., magnesium iodide, and a solid support having a high surface area and controlled surface hydroxyl concentration.

Abstract: An extraction reaction process is provided for reacting feedstocks comprising alkylene carbonate and alkanol to form reaction products comprising alkyl carbonate. The process comprises reacting the feedstocks comprising alkylene carbonate and alkanol in a reaction zone at reaction conditions for producing the reaction products comprising alkyl carbonate. The feedstocks comprising alkylene carbonate and alkanol and the reaction products comprising alkyl carbonate are, substantially concurrently with the reacting step and within the reaction zone, contacted with a selective solvent selective for extracting alkyl carbonate from the reaction zone. The selective solvent comprises a distribution coefficient with respect to the alkyl carbonate that is substantially different than the distribution coefficient of the selective solvent with respect to the alkanol.

Abstract: A process for the production of a dialkyl carbonate comprisinga first step of reacting an alkylene glycol, or an alkanediol, with urea in the presence of a catalyst to form an alkylene carbonate or a six-membered cyclic carbonate, anda second step of reacting the alkylene carbonate or the six-membered cyclic carbonate with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a dialkyl carbonate and an alkylene glycol, or a dialkyl carbonate and an alkanediol,wherein the alkylene glycol or the alkanediol obtained in the second step is recycled to the first step.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of carbonic acid esters from carbonyl compounds and organic hydroxy compounds, such as alcohols and phenols, in the presence of oxidizing metal ions.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of dimethylcarbonate which consists in feeding oxygen and a mixture of methanol and carbon monoxide to the reactor, with a molar ratio methanol/carbon monoxide of between 1 and 2, this mixture coming directly from the non catalytic direct oxidation of methane with oxygen characterized in that the above molar ratio between methanol and carbon monoxide, with fixed temperature and pressure values, is obtained by maintaining the ratio between methane and oxygen between 1 and 100, by injections of fresh oxygen into a tubular reactor, during the above oxidation reaction.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonates can be prepared by reacting carbon monoxide with alkyl nitrites in a continuous gas phase reaction in the presence of a heterogeneous platinum metal catalyst, the activity of this catalyst being maintained by the addition of small amounts of halogen. The dialkyl carbonates are thus formed with almost quantitative selectivity and no deactivation of the catalyst occurs.

Abstract: An alcohol, e.g. methanol, carbon monoxide and oxygen are allowed to react in a gas phase in the presence of a solid catalyst comprising a catalyst component, for instance, containing halogen and copper atoms supported on a solid support. The alcohol and carbon monoxide contents of the reactor feed gas are controlled at 1 to 20 volume % and 70 to 95 volume %, respectively. Because the alcohol and carbon monoxide contents of the feed reactant gas are thus controlled, side reactions are considerably inhibited and the object carbonic diester is produced with high selectivity.

Abstract: Catalytic procedure for the preparation of an organic carbonate having general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl radical, linear or branched, or a C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl radical; or of a cyclic organic carbonate having general formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R' represents a C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene radical, linear or branched; including the reacting of an aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic alcohol having general formula (III):R--OH (III)or an aliphatic diol having general formula (IV):HO--R'--OH (IV)wherein R and R' have the meaning described above, with carbon monoxide and oxygen, in the presence of a catalyst composed of a cobalt(II) or cobalt(III) ion and an organic binder containing at least one oxygen atom, characterized in that the process is carried out in the presence of at least one reaction coadjuvant selected from the following groups of linear or cyclic compounds: ureas, nitriles, amides, phosphoramides, sulphones, sulphoxides, carbamates.

Abstract: This invention relates to the polyalk-1-enyl ethers having the formula ##STR1## which is the reaction product of a hydroxylated compound and an alk-1-enyloxy oxirane and to the process for preparing the polyalk-1-enyl ether product.

Abstract: Methanol can be substantially removed from dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/methanol mixtures by absorption on ion exchange resins. The enriched DMC is obtained as filtrate. The absorption is carried out at from -50.degree. C. to +100.degree. C. and 0.1-10 bar.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonates can be prepared by reacting carbon monoxide with alkyl nitrites in a continuous gas phase reaction in the presence of a catalyst using a fixed bed reactor with a short catalyst bed in the direction of flow. The dialkyl carbonates are formed with almost quantitative selectivity; thermal decomposition of the alkyl nitrite, with the resulting formation of decomposition products, is not observed.

Abstract: A continuous process for splitting an aromatic polycarbonate resin is disclosed. Accordingly there are reacted in a distillation column and in the presence of a catalyst(i) a polycarbonate resin in solution with(ii) methanolto produce a dihydroxy compound and dimethyl carbonate. The solution which contains polycarbonate and monohydroxy compound solvent exclusive of methanol is fed into the upper section of said column and the methanol is fed into the lower section of the column. The methanol is fed in the form of a mixture containing methanol and about 1-50 weight percent of dimethyl carbonate. The dimethyl carbonate thus produced is removed from an upper section of the column and the dihydroxy compound is removed from a lower section of the column.

Abstract: In a method of producing dialkylcarbonate, alcoholic compound and cyclo-carbonate are subjected to a catalytic reaction each other at a reaction temperature of 20.degree. to 200.degree. C. and under a pressure of 0 to 40 kg/cm.sup.2 G, which keeps the reaction system liquid, in the presence of ion exchanged zeolite which is ion-exchanged with alkali metal ion and/or alkaline earth metal ion.

Abstract: A industrially advantageous process for preparing dialkyl carbonates is provided. The process is characterized in that an alkylene carbonate and an alcohol are subjected to an transesterification in the presence of a catalyst which contains, as the catalytically active component, at least one rare-earth oxide. According to this process, the transesterification progresses rapidly due to the excellent activity of the catalyst, and the catalyst can be readily separated after termination of the reaction, allowing high efficiency isolation and purification of dialkyl carbonate.

Abstract: The process of the present invention is characterized in that when a carbonic acid diester is produced by catalytically reacting carbon monoxide with a nitrous acid ester in the presence of a solid catalyst, a small amount of a chloroformic acid ester is mixed into a material gas containing the carbon monoxide and the nitrous acid ester and thereby the catalyst employed can be maintained at a high activity condition over a long time period, and the carbonic acid diester can be produced stably over a long time period at a high reaction rate and with a high selectivity.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonates can be prepared by reaction of carbon monoxide with alkyl nitrites in a continuous gas-phase reaction using a platinum metal catalyst on a metal phosphate support and adding hydrogen halide stepwise or continuously during the course of the reaction in almost quantitative selectivity; the corresponding dialkyl oxalates are formed in such small amounts that in most cases they cannot be detected.

Abstract: A catalyst for synthesizing a carbonic diester includes at least one copper compound selected from among copper oxides, copper hydroxides, a salt of copper with a weak acid consisting of the elements other than halogen such as copper borates, and complexes or complex salts consisting of the elements other than halogen and formed with copper or a copper compound a and ligand. The catalyst has a high activity, a high reaction selectivity and excellent stability with a minimal risk of corroding equipment. The catalyst can include, as a co-catalyst component, a platinum-group metal such as palladium or a halogen-free platinum-group metal compound such as palladium acetate. The catalyst component may be supported on a carrier, for example, an activated carbon. A carbonic diester is advantageously produced by allowing an alcohol to react with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of the catalyst.

Abstract: A carbonic acid diester is produced, at a high reaction rate with a high selectivity and stability, by catalytically reacting carbon monoxide with a nitrous acid ester, preferably in a gas phase, in the presence of a solid catalyst composed of a solid carrier and a catalytic solid material deposited on the carrier and comprising:(1) a first catalyst component comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of platinum group metals and compounds thereof;(2) a second catalyst component comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of lanthanide group metals and compounds thereof; andcollecting the resultant carbonic acid diester from a reaction mixture discharged from the catalytic reaction step.

Abstract: Organic carbonates and cyclic organic carbonates are prepared by reacting an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohol, or, respectively, an aliphatic diol, with carbon monoxide and oxygen, by operating in the presence of a complex catalyst of cobalt with organic ligands bearing one or more oxygen functional groups, as electron donors.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for cleaving polycarbonates into bisphenols and diaryl carbonates by transesterifying with phenols in the presence of catalysts. The process entails isolating bisphenols from the product of the transesterification, and subjecting the remaining mixture which contains phenols and diaryl carbonates to flash distillation. The phenols and diaryl carbonates are distilled off and separated, and the diaryl carbonates are recovered.

Abstract: A process for producing dialkyl carbonates which comprises contacting an alkanol, carbon monoxide, and oxygen with a catalyst to produce dialkyl carbonate, the catalyst having been prepared by heating a solid copper compound in the presence of a zeolite to form a zeolite containing copper.

Abstract: Guerbet carbonates corresponding to formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a branched alkyl radical containing 12 to 44 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 has the same meaning as R.sup.1 or is a linear alkyl radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms; their use as lubricants; and a process for their preparation in which Guerbet alcohols are used to transesterify dialkyl carbonates of formula III ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 is a linear alkyl radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for the production of dialkyl carbonates, such as dimethyl carbonate. In one aspect, the process involves contacting under reaction conditions an alkanol, such as methanol, with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the vapor phase and in the presence of a catalyst containing (1) a copper halide, a copper oxyhalide, or a copper carboxylate halide, (2) a quaternary ammonium salt, and (3) a support component. The catalyst achieves high selectivity and productivity to dialkyl carbonates. In a second aspect, the addition of a chlorocarbon catalyst regenerator to the alkanol feed increases catalyst stability and lifetime and increases the selectivity and/or productivity to dialkyl carbonates.