Abstract: Compositions useful in liquid-liquid extraction processes for improving the taste of water-soluble surfactants, said composition comprising: from about 5% to about 60%, by weight of the composition, of water soluble surfactant; from about 10% to about 90%, by weight of the composition, of water; from about 10% to about 90%, by weight of the composition, of extraction solvent; at least 0.01%, by weight of the composition, of undesirable non-polar materials; wherein the extraction solvent is selected from solvents having individual Hansen solubility parameters of a dispersion force component (?D) ranging from about 15 to about 17 (MPa)0.5, a polar component (?P) ranging from 0 to about 9 (MPa)0.5 and a hydrogen bonding component (?H) ranging from 0 to about 11 (MPa)0.5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical dosage forms for topical administration comprising a tri-substituted glycerol compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The invention also relates to a corresponding method for preparing such dosage forms as well as to their use as medicaments for the treatment of cancer and immune diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing an adjuvant for agricultural applications, characterized in that a polyhydric alcohol, polyol, saccharide, or polysaccharide is reacted with a sulfonating agent, such as sulphamic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat-curable composition comprising (a) at least one compound which is capable of undergoing cationic polymerization; and (b) at least one sulfonium sulfate selected from compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib where Yn? is a monovalent or divalent anion selected from (1) where n, M, R1 to R10 are as defined in claim 1 and in the description. The present invention also relates to novel sulfonium sulfates of the formulae Ia and Ib, to a process for curing cationically polymerizable material and to the cured material obtained by said process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for mineral oil extraction by means of Winsor Type III microemulsion flooding, in which an aqueous surfactant formulation comprising at least one ionic surfactant of the general formula (R1)(R2)—CH—O-(D)n-(B)m-(A)l-XYa? a/b Mb+ is injected through injection boreholes into a mineral oil deposit, and crude oil is withdrawn from the deposit through production boreholes. The invention further relates to ionic surfactants of the general formula, to surfactant formulations, and to a process for preparation thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a surfactant and/or a cleaning composition comprising a microbially produced branched fatty alcohol or a derivative thereof. The invention also provides a household cleaning composition and a personal or pet care cleaning composition comprising a microbially produced branched fatty alcohol or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A method and a device for the sulfonation or the sulfation of organic liquid raw materials with an SO3/air mixture and other reaction gases in order to perform rapid, highly exothermic gas-liquid reactions in conventional thin-layer falling-film reactors are disclosed. The introduction of the SO3/air mixture occurs through several feed locations, which are located within (along) the reaction tube or reaction tubes or in the annular gap of annular-gap falling-film reactors. High peak temperatures, undesirable byproducts, worsening of the color and local oversulfation or oversulfonation, which leads to side reactions, are largely avoided.

Abstract: The subject matters of the invention are: a crystallographic model of the binding site and a modulator regulating the catalytic activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK), a method of designing, selecting and producing a PFK modulator, a computer-based method for the analysis of the interaction between the modulator and PFK and for the analysis of molecular structures, a computer-based method of drug design, a method of assessing the ability of the potential modulator to interact in the binding site on the PFK surface, a method of providing data for generating structures and/or performing design for drugs that bind PFK, PFK homologues or analogues, complexes of PFK with a potential modulator, or complexes of PFK homologues or analogues with potential modulators, a computer system.

Abstract: A method and a device for the sulfonation or the sulfation of organic liquid raw materials with an S03/air mixture and other reaction gases in order to perform rapid, highly exothermic gas-liquid reactions in conventional thin-layer falling-film reactors are disclosed. The introduction of the S03/air mixture occurs through several feed locations, which are located within (along) the reaction tube or reaction tubes or in the annular gap of annular-gap falling-film reactors. High peak temperatures, undesirable byproducts, worsening of the color and local oversulfation or oversulfonation, which leads to side reactions, are largely avoided.

Abstract: A process for converting a carbonyl group within a substrate to a chiral alcohol moiety comprising reacting the carbonyl containing substrate with an organoaluminium reagent in the presence of a Group 5-12 transition metal based catalyst which is complexed with a chiral ligand; novel chiral ligands and organoluminium reagents, a chiral ligand or organoaluminium reagent for use in the process.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the preparation of novel surfactant alcohols and surfactant alcohol ethers by derivatization of olefins having from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms or of mixtures of such olefins to give alkanols, and optional subsequent alkoxylation, which comprises subjecting a C4-olefin mixture to metathesis, dimerizing the resulting olefins, and then derivatizing them to give surfactant alcohols, and optionally alkoxylating said alcohols. The olefin mixture obtained in the dimerization has a high proportion of branched components and less than 10% by weight of compounds which contain a vinylidene group. invention further describes the use of the surfactant alcohols and surfactant alcohol ethers to give surfactants by glycosylation or polyglycosylation, sulfation or phosphation.

Abstract: A detergent composition having cold water solubility and exhibiting high calcium tolerance can be produced from biodegradable branched ether derivative compositions derived from a branched ether primary alcohol represented by the formula: wherein R1 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R2 represents a hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, x is a number ranging from 0 to 16, preferably from 3 to 13, wherein the total number of carbon atoms in the alcohol ranges from 9 to 24.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions relating to novel pentafluorophenylsulfonamide derivatives and analogs and their use as pharmacologically active agents. The compositions find particular use as pharmacological agents in the treatment of disease states, particularly cancer, vascular restenosis, microbial infections, and psoriasis, or as lead compounds for the development of such agents.

Abstract: A detergent composition having cold water solubility and exhibiting high calcium tolerance can be produced from biodegradable branched ether derivative compositions derived from a branched ether primary alcohol represented by the formula: 1

Abstract: Alpha-olefins are dimerized to form branched-chain feedstocks for detersive surfactants.

Abstract: The decomposition reactive emulsifier of this invention is a compound of formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl or alkenyl group of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom and both R1 and R2 are not concurrently a hydrogen; R3 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; A is an alkylene or substituted alkylene group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; n is an integer of from 1 to 100 when X is a hydrogen atom or n is an integer of from 0 to 100 when X is an ionic hydrophilic group, said ionic hydrophilic group being anionic, cationic or amphoteric and when n is 2 or greater (AO)n is a homopolymer or a block copolymer or a random copolymer.

Abstract: A novel class of anionic surfactants with improved surfact active properties is comprised of two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic groups represented by the formula: ##STR1## The surfactants exhibit unusually low critical micelle concentration (cmc) and pC-20 values in aqueous media.

Abstract: Fatty alcohol (ether) sulfates which are obtained by co-sulfating mixtures of (a) C.sub.8-22 fatty alcohols and (b) C.sub.8-22 fatty alcohol ethoxylates containing an average of 1.9 to 3.9 ethylene oxide units in a ratio by weight of 20:80 to 80:20, and then neutralizing the mixtures thus co-sulfated with aqueous bases. The substances have distinctly improved low-temperature behavior in relation to ether sulfates with comparable degrees of ethoxylation, and are useful as components of surface-active compositions.

Abstract: A process for making high active alkyl sulphate solutions comprising premixing alcohol and/or alkoxylated nonionic surfactant with an organic amine and adding sulfuric acid to the premix to produce a neutralized product having substantially no water is provided. The weight ratio of the sulfuric acid additive to the premix is from 0.5:1 to 9:1.

Abstract: Compounds having detergent properties are disclosed. When a modifying reagent is brought into contact with these compounds, the detergent properties are decreased. These compounds are useful, for example, as solubilizing agents for microbial antigens and/or antibodies and for reversibly wetting hydrophobic surfaces. Accordingly, methods are disclosed for increasing the hydrophilic properties of a material, such as a microbial antigen and/or antibody, the methods generally comprising the steps of contacting the material with the compound having detergent properties and a modifiable group, and modifying the compound with a modifying reagent. Kits are also disclosed for use in accordance with this methodology.

Abstract: A process for the production of a mixture of substantially odorless fatty alcohol ethersulfate salts corresponding to formula (I):R.sup.1 --(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--SO.sub.3 X (I)in whichR.sup.1 is an alkyl radical containing from 6 to 18 carbon atoms,n is a number of from 1 to 10, andX is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, or alkanolammonium ion,comprising the steps ofA) ethoxylating a fatty alcohol mixture in which the content of components having a boiling point below 235.degree. C. is not more than 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of the fatty alcohol mixture;B) sulfating the fatty alcohol ethoxylate mixture from step A; andC) neutralizing the sulfated fatty alcohol ethoxylate mixture from step B to form said mixture of substantially odorless fatty alcohol ethersulfate salts.

Abstract: Di-, tri- and poly-perfluoroalkyl-substituted alcohols and acids and derivatives thereof are described which are prepared from perfluoroalkyl iodides and di-, tri- or polyallyl alcohols or acids. These compounds contain two or more perfluoroalkyl-iodoalkyl or perfluoroalkyl-alkenyl groups and one or two alcohol or acid groups or derivatized alcohol or acid functions. They can be reacted with isocyanates, epoxy compounds, anhydrides, acids or acid derivatives to prepare a great variety of oil- and water-repellent compositions which are useful for oil- and water-repellent treatment of textiles, glass, paper, leather and other substrates.

Abstract: A method of preparing PAS acid is disclosed which involves sulphating an alcohol feedstock and incorporating in the reaction product, a stabilizing agent which comprises an (hydroxy) alkylene oxide residue.

Abstract: Novel alkenes leading to light producing 1,2-dioxetanes of the formula ##STR1## wherein ArOX is an aryl ring substituted with an X oxy group and A are passive organic groups which allow the 1,2-dioxetane to produce light when triggered by removing X. X is a chemically labile group which is removed by an activating agent. The 1,2-dioxetane compounds can be triggered to produce light at room temperatures.

Abstract: In the process for the continuous preparation of aminoaryl or aminoalkyl .beta.-sulfatoethyl sulfones by reaction of the corresponding .beta.-hydroxyethyl sulfones with sulfuric acid in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:1.15 at temperatures above 120 .degree. C. a mixture of a .beta.-hydroxyethyl sulfone with sulfuric acid is supplied to a fluidized bed of end product produced by recycling and mechanical stirring. The mixture is reacted at 100.degree. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: Processes for the production of partial glyceride sulfates comprising the steps of:A) reacting a mixture containing glycerol and at least one triglyceride with gaseous sulfur trioxide to produce at least one acidic reaction product;B) ageing the at least one acidic reaction product at an elevated temperature; andC) neutralizing the at least one aged acidic reaction product with an aqueous base in the presence of a buffer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to perfluoroalkyl substituted sulfates and salts thereof of the formulas(R.sub.f X CH.sub.2).sub.x C(CH.sub.2 OH).sub.y (CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.3 -M+).sub.z (I)or(R.sub.f E X CH.sub.2).sub.x C(CH.sub.2 OH).sub.y (CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.3 -M+).sub.z(II)wherein R.sub.f is a straight or branched chain perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or said perfluoroalkyl substituted by perfluoroalkoxy of 2 to 6 carbon atoms,E is branched or straight chain alkylene of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or said alkylene interrupted by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of --NR--, --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --COO--, --OOC--, --CONR--, --NRCO--, --SO.sub.2 NR-- and NRSO.sub.2 -- or terminated at the R.sub.f end with --CONR-- or --SO.sub.2 NR--, where R.sub.f is attached to the carbon or sulfur atom, and for formula II, X is --S--, --O--, --SO.sub.2 --, or --NR--, and for formula I, X is --CONR-- or --SO.sub.2 NR--, where R.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of sulfated alkanol oxethylates or alkylphenol oxethylates is described. After completion of the reaction with SO.sub.3, 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, relative to the alkanol oxethylates or alkylphenol oxethylates employed, of at least one of the following compounds: water, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol or n-heptane are admixed to the reaction mixture and liquid and gas are subsequently separated at a temperature of 20.degree. to 60.degree. C. The liquid is then neutralized with aqueous alkali as customary and leads to ether sulfate/water mixtures with considerably reduced contents of 1,4-dioxane which can either be used without further aftertreatment or with a considerably reduced outlay in terms of aftertreatment as personal hygiene agents and for various other purposes.

Abstract: Novel surfactants of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl of 4-18 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or same as R.sub.1, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl, A is alkylene of 2-4 carbon atoms, and n is 1-200. Sulfates, phosphates and sulfosuccinates thereof are also useful as anionic surfactants.

Abstract: Alkyl ether sulfuric acid half-esters are neutralized in the presence of polyhydroxy oligomers such as polyglycerol to provide half-ester salt compositions of high activity and good viscosity characteristics. The products are particularly useful in shampoo formulations.

Abstract: Novel surfactants of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl or aralkylaryl of 8-30 carbon atoms,A is alkylene of 2-4 carbon atoms,x is 0, or 1-100 andy is 1-200. Sulfates, phosphates and sulfosuccinates thereof are also useful as anionic surfactants.

Abstract: Certain novel aryl sulfonyl fluorides, their preparation, and their use in inhibiting serine proteases with chymotrypsin-like and elastase-like specificity.