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Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing ?-fluoroacrylic acid ester at a high starting material conversion, high selectivity, and high yield. The present invention provides a process for producing the compound represented by the formula (1) wherein R represents alkyl optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, the process comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by the formula (2) wherein X represents a bromine atom or a chlorine atom with an alcohol represented by the formula (3) wherein the symbol is as defined above, and carbon monoxide in the presence of a transition metal catalyst and a base to thereby obtain the compound represented by the formula (1).

Abstract: A process for producing an aldehyde compound of the invention comprising: reacting a compound represented by the following formula (a1) or (a2) with a hydrogen and a carbon monoxide in a presence of a compound containing a metal belonging to Groups 8 to 10 and a phosphorous compound so as to satisfy the following conditions (1) and (2) to synthesize an aldehyde compound; wherein the condition (1) is that a content of a metal included in the compound containing a metal belonging to Groups 8 to 10 is 0.

Abstract: Disclosed in a process for making (1) a compound of the formula NC—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CO2R?, wherein R? is H or C1 to C12 alkyl, or (2) adipic acid or (3) dimethyl adipate, using as the substrate, 3-pentenenitrile, (2) 3-pentenoic acid or methyl 3-pentenoate, respectively, by contacting the substrate with carbon monoxide and a nucleophile in the presence of a Group VIII metal, a selected ligand, and an acid promoter. The nucleophile, which (a) an alcohol or water, or (b) water or (c) methanol, respectively, in the presence of a Group VIII metal, preferably palladium, a selected phosphine ligand, and an acid promoter.

Abstract: Processes to prepare 5-cyanovaleric acid or its ester is provided, by carbonylation of a pentenenitrile, wherein pentenenitrile is reacted with carbon monoxide and water and/or an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst system.

Abstract: Process for making 5FVN, comprising contacting in a reactor 3PN with CO and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, the catalyst comprising recycled catalyst that is reactivated using hydrogen.

Abstract: Process for making 5FVN, comprising contacting in a reactor 3PN with CO and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, the catalyst comprising recycled catalyst that is reactivated using hydrogen.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process is disclosed which employs multidentate phosphite ligands in a catalyst composition. In particular, the ligands have heteroatom-containing substituents on the carbon attached to the ortho position of the terminal phenol group.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the preparation of a compound of formula 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing hydroxy-aromatics by oxidizing aromatics with dinitrogen monoxide in the gas phase in the presence of nanocrystalline zeolites.

Abstract: Supported bis(phosphorus) ligands are disclosed for use in hydroformylation reactions, including the hydroformylation of olefins. Catalysts are formed when the ligands are complexed with a catalytically active metal (e.g., rhodium or iridium).

Abstract: The process comprises reacting 2-, 3- or 4-pentenenitrile or mixtures thereof with carbon monoxide and a hydroxyl compound in the presence of a catalyst system comprising (i) a palladium(II) compound, (ii) a bidentate diphosphine ligand and (iii) an anion source. Novel catalyst systems containing diphosphine ligands of the bis(phosphinomethyl)amine type are also described.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a linear .omega.-formyl-carboxylic acid or a corresponding linear formylnitrile compound starting from an internally unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 carboxylic acid or a corresponding ester or nitrile by means of hydroformylation in the presence of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst system, wherein the hydroformylation is carried out in an aqueous medium and in that the catalyst system comprises platinum and a water-soluble organic bidentate ligand.

Abstract: Process for producing 6-aminocapronitrile and/or hexamethylenediamine by hydroformylating 3-pentenenitrile, isolating a formylvaleronitrile (FVN) mixture from the hydroformylation reaction product, reductively aminating the FVN mixture and isolating the desired product.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for producing cyanoaldehydes and acetals wherein an .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated nitrile is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group 8 metal catalyst. The improvement in the hydroformylation process resides in effecting the reaction in the presence of a trialkyl orthoester ?(R'O).sub.3 CR"! or a dialkyl ketal ?(R'O).sub.2 CR".sub.2 !.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process for the production of 5-formylvaleric acid from 2-, or 3-pentenoic acid, or 5-formylvaleric acid ester from 2-, or 3-pentenoic acid ester, or 5-formylvaleronitrile from 2-, or 3-pentenenitrile by reaction with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a solvent containing a catalyst having a platinum component, a bidentate diaryl phosphine component, an acid promoter component.

Abstract: Preparation of 5-cyanovalerates (I) by the carbonylation of a 1-cyanobutene with carbon monoxide and an alkanol (II) corresponding to the ester radical at an elevated temperature and under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a cobalt catalyst as well as in the presence of an activating solvent, in which the activating solvent used is an effective amount of a urea of the formula IIIcR.sub.2 N--CO--NR.sub.2 (IIIc)where R is, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl or where 2R groups together form 5-membered to 7-membered rings. The end products I serve as intermediates, chiefly for the preparation of .epsilon.-caprolactam.

Abstract: Compounds (I) in which Ar is (substituted) arylene and Nuc is the radical of a nucleophile Nuc-H and which are valuable intermediates for pharmaceuticals, crop protection products and colorantsHO.sub.3 S--Ar--CO--NUC (I)can be prepared according to the invention by reacting an internal diazonium salt of the formula (II).sup..crclbar. O.sub.3 S--Ar--N.sub.2.sup..sym.with CO in the presence of a metal catalyst of group VIII of the Periodic System or Cu and Nuc-H or a salt thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing an arylacetic acid or arylpropionic acid divative from an arylcarbinol which comprises the step of subjecting said arylcarbinol to suitable carbonylation conditions for a sufficient period of time and under suitable pressure and temperature to form said acid derivative, with the proviso that said carbonylation conditions include conducting the reaction in a two-phase system wherein one phase is an aqueous medium which contains (1) a catalyst which is a water-soluble metal complex consisting essentially of a Group VIII metal and a hydrophilic ligand such as palladium complexed with trisulfonated triphenylphosphine, and (2) optionally an acid, and wherein the second phase comprises said arylcarbinol.

Abstract: Preparation of 5-cyanovalerates (I) by the carbonylation of a 1-cyanobutene with carbon monoxide and an alkanol (II) corresponding to the ester radical at an elevated temperature and under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a cobalt catalyst as well as in the presence of an activating solvent, in which the activating solvent used is an effective amount of a carbonic diester, a carbamate, or a urea of the general formula IIIa, IIIb, or IIIcR--O--CO--O--R (IIIa)R.sub.2 N--CO--O--R (IIIb)R.sub.2 N--CO--NR.sub.2 (IIIc)or a mixture of these compounds (R's same or different, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl groups or together form 5-membered to 7-membered rings).The end products I serve as intermediates, chiefly for the preparation of .epsilon.-caprolactam.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of nitriles in which an ethylenically unsaturated compound is reacted with carbon monoxide, a hydrogen source and hydroxylamine or a hydroxylamine salt in the presence of a catalyst system comprising one or more Group VIII metals.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkanedioic acid derivatives comprising reacting an alkenoic acid derivative with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic compound having a mobile hydrogen atom in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a source of a Group VIII metal, a source of a bidentate diphosphine liquid, a source of an anion and a source of a quinone promoter.

Abstract: A process for the hydrocarboxylation of alkenes and non-conjugated olefinically unsaturated nitriles and esters using a rhodium catalyst, a bromide or iodide promoter, and a nitrile accelerator.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aromatic acid comprising the step of combining an aromatic halide having at least one iodine or bromine substituent with:a. a water-immiscible organic solvent,b. a palladium-based catalyst,c. a palladium-complexing agent,d. a tertiary nitrogen-containing organic base,e. water andf. carbon monoxide.The process is performed in a two-phase liquid medium and in the substantial absence of a phase transfer agent.

Abstract: A process for preparing alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids. An organic halide is reacted with carbon monoxide and a hydrogen donor compound, in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst and an inorganic base, at a temperature of at least 90.degree. C.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for producing a 2-hydroxy-methylene-3,3dialkoxypropanenitrile alkali metal salt (ALVM.sub.2) represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and M represents an alkali metal,which comprises allowing a 3,3-dialkoxypropanenitrile represented by the formula (II):(RO).sub.2 CHCH.sub.2 CN (II)wherein R is the same as defined above,to react with carbon monoxide in a lower alcoholic solution of an alkali metal lower alkoxide; and a process for obtaining ALVM.sub.2 -alcohlic slurry, which comprises adding a lower alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms to a synthetic reaction mixture containing ALVM.sub.2 represented by the above formula (I) and methyl formate and heating the mixture to 30.degree. to 70.degree. C., thereby taking methyl formate out of the system.

Abstract: Process for the carbonylation of olefinically unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide in the presence of a hydroxyl-group-containing compound, a palladium catalyst, an organic phosphine, an acid with a pKa value <2, with the exception of halogen acids and carboxylic acids as promoter, and a catlayst stabilizer selected from the group consisting of compounds of the general formula; ##STR1## wherein X represents an element of group Va with a valency greater than 3, selected from P. As or Sb, where Y represents an element of group VIa, selected from O, S or Se, and where either a, b and c are 0 or 1, where R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are the same or different and represent hydrocarbon groups, or a and b=0 and c=0 or 1 and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 together with X form a heterocyclic group, or a, b and c=0 and R.sub.4, R.sub.5 R.sub.6 together with X form a heterocyclic group, compounds of the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.7 is a hydrocarbon group and where R.sub.8 and R.sub.

Abstract: Manufacture of 5-cyanovaleric acid by carbonylation of pentenenitriles from a mixture consisting essentially of pentenenitrile, CO and at least one compound of the formula ROH, where R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a cyclic urea and/or a cyclic amide, where the combined weight of the cosolvents is between about 70% and 99% of the total weight of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Manufacture of 5-cyanovaleric acid and its esters by carbonylation of pentenenitriles from a mixture consisting essentially of pentenenitrile, CO and at least one compound of the formula R'OH, where R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of carboxylate esters of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated alcohols by reacting an ethylenically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and an enolizable ketone in the presence of a catalytic system formed by combining a palladium catalyst, a triarylphosphine and a protonic acid having a pK.sub.a below 1.5, except hydrohalogenic acids and carboxylic acids.