Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel catechol diether compounds, pharmaceutical compositions therefrom and methods for inhibiting reverse transcriptase and treating HIV infections, especially included drug resistant strains of HIV 1 and 2 and/or secondary disease states and/or conditions which occur as a consequence of HIV infection.

Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues from lignin sources, including waste lignin. This method may allow for selectively producing biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues from lignin sources using certain processing methods. The methods for production of these biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues may be provided by chemical-induced processing, catalytic oxidative lignin depolymerisation processing, and catalytic hydroprocessing. Further, the catalytic hydroprocessing from processes including catalytic reduction processing, catalytic hydrodeoxygenation processing, and/or catalytic/dehydrogenation processing may also be used. The method described herein also provides a means in which waste from the process(es) may be reduced and/or recycled.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds represented by a formula: Compositions and light-emitting devices related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds represented by Formula 1. Compositions and light-emitting devices related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel hydroxyphenyl compound, to the preparation of the compound and intermediates used therein, to the use of the compound as an antibacterial medicament and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compound.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of aryl-heteroatom-bridged compounds by reacting a halogen-substituted aromatic compound with a trialkylsilyl-substituted heteroatom-containing organic compound.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for creating a Carbon-Carbon bond (C—C) or a Carbon-Heteroatom bond (C-HE) by reacting a compound carrying a leaving group with a nucleophilic compound carrying a carbon atom or a heteroatom (HE) that can substitute for the leaving group, creating a C—C or C-HE bond, wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of an effective quantity of a. a catalytic system comprising a ligand and at least a metal-based catalyst, such a metal catalyst being chosen among iron or copper compounds proviso that only a single metal is present.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds represented by Formula 1. Compositions and light-emitting devices related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds represented by a formula: Compositions and light-emitting devices related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing formulations for polyimides suitable for use in high-temperature composites in which all reactions other than chain-extension have already taken place prior to making a composite is described, wherein the resulting oligomers comprise a backbone and at least one difunctional endcap. The resulting resin systems have only the single step of endcap-to-endcap reactions during composite processing. Prior to the initiation temperature of these endcap-to-endcap reactions, the resins are stable affording the composite manufacturer a very large processing window.

Abstract: A process for making a compound of formula I and intermediate compounds thereof, wherein R1 is CN, F or Cl; R2 is H or Br; and R3 and R4 are each independently H or F. The compounds of formula I are useful in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula in which one, two or three of the radicals R1, R2, R3 and R4 are where m and n are an integer from 1 to 10, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are, independently of one another, identical or different and are a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the remaining radical(s) R1 to R4 are or —NR9R10, where R9 and R10 are identical or different and are a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and X− is an inorganic or organic anion or an equivalent of a multiply charged inorganic or organic anion. The invention further relates to mixtures of substances comprising compounds of the formula (1), to a process for preparing the compounds of the formula (1) and to the use thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides estrogen receptor modulators of formula I, having the structure 1

Abstract: A compound comprises a blocked halogenated hydroxydiphenyl ether of the formula: where X1 is a halogen, X2 is chlorine or bromine, X3 is hydrogen, chlorine or bromine, X4 is chlorine, bromine, alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, —CHO, —CN or —NH2, X5 is chlorine, bromine, methyl, trichloromethyl, —CHO, —CN or —NH2, n is 1 or 2, and R is an ether linkage inhibiting group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing hydroxyaromatics by oxidizing aromatics with dinitrogen monoxide in the gas phase in the presence of nanocrystalline zeolites.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures comprising from 70 to 99.5% by weight of a compound of the formula (R)4P+X− (1) and from 30 to 0.5% by weight of a compound of the formula (R)3P═O (2), where R is in each case a radical and X− is an inorganic or organic anion or the equivalent of a multiply charged inorganic or organic anion, also to a process for preparing the mixtures by reacting a phosphorus pentahalide with pyrrolidine or piperidine in the molar ratio 1:6 to 1:50 in the presence of an inert solvent initially at −20 to 80° C., subsequently continuing the reaction at 90 to 180° C., treating the resulting reaction product at 0 to 80° C. with aqueous alkali at a pH of 7 to 15, and separating aqueous and organic phase from one another, and to the use of the mixtures as catalyst and cocatalyst for phase-transfer reactions, nucleophilic substitution reactions or halogen-fluorine exchange reactions.

Abstract: A 2-phenoxyaniline derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an amino group or an NHCOR.sup.3 group, R.sup.2 is a halogen atom, an amino group, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-3 perfluoroalkyl group, an NHCOR.sup.3 group, a CH.sub.2 OR.sup.4 group, an OCH.sub.2 R.sup.5 group or a COR.sup.6 group, R.sup.3 is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, R.sup.5 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-5 aminoalkyl group, a C.sub.2-7 alkoxy-carbonyl group or a carbamoyl group, and R.sup.6 is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group or a C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by a halogen atom, an amino group, a cyano group or a straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl group; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Azo dyes of the formula ##STR1## where X is oxygen or a radical of the formula NR.sup.6, where R.sup.6 is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.13 -alkyl,R.sup.1 is substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.13 -alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl,Y is hydrogen, halogen or cyano,Z is nitro or additionally cyano when Y is halogen or cyano,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, methoxymethyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, andR.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.13 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl,are useful for dyeing or printing synthetic materials and are synthesizable using novel dinitroaminoaromatics as diazo components.

Abstract: A perfluorinated aromatic compound represented by general formula (7): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3 is a tetravalent perfluorinated aromatic group represented by formula (8): ##STR2## wherein (R.sub.4)s are the same, each being a carboxyl group or a cyano group, or two adjacent (R.sub.4)s combine to form a divalent group represented by formula (10): ##STR3## provided that when R.sub.4 is a cyano group, R.sub.3 denotes said tetravalent perfluorinated aromatic group represented by formula (9).

Abstract: The present invention describes the novel intermediates 2,3-difluoro-6-nitrobenzonitrile and 2-chloro-5,6-difluorobenzonitrile, a process for their preparation and their advantageous use for the preparation of 2,3,6-trifluorobenzoic acid, which in turn is a valuable intermediate for the preparation of insecticides and antibacterial agents. The intermediates according to the invention are prepared from 2,3,4-trifluoronitrobenzene by fluorine/cyanide exchange and subsequent denitrating chlorination. 2,3,6-Trifluorobenzoic acid can be prepared from the novel intermediates, in a manner known per se in the literature, by simple chlorine/fluorine exchange and subsequent hydrolysis in a process which overall is industrially advantageous and economically favorable.

Abstract: A process for producing a polycyanoaryl ether powder which comprises reacting a dihalogenobenzonitrile, a dihydric phenol and an alkali metal salt in the presence of a polymerization solvent, and distilling the solvent, while pulverizing the reaction mixture under agitation. The process produces a polycyanoaryl ether powder having excellent physical properties and is useful as a material for electronic appliances, electric appliances and parts of machines.

Abstract: Provided are the dialkyl amines: ##STR1## wherein Q is ##STR2## R is --CH.sub.3 or Q and a has a value of 1 to 3.

Abstract: Polytetrahydrofuran derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## where n is from 2 to 70, X is the bridge member --NH-- or --O-- and R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen or various radicals.

Abstract: A higher yield of the difluorohalomethoxybenzene produced by the reaction of a metal phenolate with dibromodifluoromethane or bromochlorodifluoromethane can be obtained by conducting the addition of a metal alcoholate or a metal hydride as a reaction initiator to a solution or a suspension of an aprotic polar solvent containing the metal phenolate and dibromodifluoromethane or bromochlorodifluoromethane.

Abstract: Herbicides of formula: ##STR1## in which: n=0,1, 2f=0,1A is chosen from the groups ##STR2## in which: Ar is chosen from the groups ##STR3## B is chosen from optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl and C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for producing a high quality di(aryloxy)alkane with a high yield by the use of readily commercially available materials, without using any particular solvent or agent and by means of a simple operation and a general apparatus is provided, which process comprises subjecting a halogenated alkane of the formula (II)X--A--Y (II)wherein X and Y each represent a halogen atom and A represents a lower alkylene group, and a phenol of the formula (III) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 each are same or different, represent hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxylic acid salt, acyl or nitro group, and may form a ring in conjunction of two adjacent groups,to condensation reaction in the presence of an alkali in an aqueous medium to form a di(aryloxy)alkane of the formula (I) ##STR2## and is characterized (i) by carrying out the condensation reaction in a molar ratio of the compound of the formula (II): the phenol of the formula (III): the alkali in terms of monovalent base of 1:1.5 to 3.0:1.

Abstract: Novel 2-(4-(2'-fluoro-4'-cyanophenoxy)-phenoxy)alkanoic acids and agriculturally acceptable derivatives thereof are selective postemergent herbicides for the control of grassy weeds in valuable crops. The novel herbicides are surprisingly selective, i.e., exhibit little or no phytotoxic effects, to wheat, barley and especially rice at concentrations that control undesired weed grasses.

Abstract: Diethers of m- or p-hydroxyphenol, as well as the monoethers, are prepared by reacting m- or p-tert.-butoxyphenol of the formula II ##STR1## with a halogen compound in the presence of a hydroxide, carbonate and/or bicarbonate of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and an organic solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions, at from 20.degree. C. to 150.degree. C., and, if desired, reacting the resulting diether with a dilute aqueous inorganic acid at from 30.degree. to 100.degree. C. to give the monoether.The end products which can be prepared by the process according to the invention are useful starting materials for the preparation of dyes, drugs and crop protection agents.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel process for effecting an ether interchange reaction by heating together in the presence of a basic catalyst, a nitroaromatic ether or thioether and an organic compound containing at least one hydroxyl or mercapto group. The novelty resides particularly in carrying out the interchange in an inert solvent while sparging the heated reactants thereby to remove at least a portion of solvent along with an evolving alcohol or thiol.The process is particularly adapted to the capping of organic polyols with nitroaromatic ether groups. The capped products are useful as intermediates for the preparation of high molecular weight polyamines which in turn find utility in various polymer applications.

Abstract: (Hetero) aryloxynaphthalenes having substituents bonded via sulphur having herbicidal activity and of the formula ##STR1## in which m represents the number 0, 1 or 2,n represents the numbers 0 or 1,R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, halogen, cyano or trifluoromethyl,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or halogen,R.sup.3 represents halogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylthio or trifluoromethylsulphonyl,R.sup.4 represents hydrogen or halogen,X represents nitrogen or the group C--R.sup.5, whereinR.sup.5 represents hydrogen or halogen,Y represents oxygen or one of the groupings ##STR2## wherein R.sup.6 represents hydrogen, alkyl, --CO--Z or --SO.sub.2 --Z andZ represents hydrogen, halogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, aryl or heteroaryl radical.

Abstract: A novel method for the preparation of aryl trifluoromethyl ethers which comprises reacting a phenol, a perhalomethane, and an antimony pentahalide. For example, 4-nitrophenol may be reacted with an excess over stoichiometry of both carbon tetrachloride and antimony trifluoride with a catalytic amount of antimony pentachloride to form 4-nitrophenyl trifluoromethyl ether.

Abstract: All possible isomeric forms of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein A has a structure selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## wherein Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbon homocycle of 3 to 7 carbon atoms and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, bromine and iodine, Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms unsubstituted or substituted with at least one halogen, the .beta., .alpha. bond together with Y can be part of A and and R is selected from the group consisting of non-heterocyclic primary, secondary or teritiary alcohol moiety having at least one asymetric carbon or the remainder of a substituted alcohol with a chirality due to the dissymetric spatial configuration of the entire molecule.

Abstract: Difluorochloromethoxybenzenes are prepared by reacting phenols with trichloromethyl chloroformate (=di-phosgene) in the presence of hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: The herbicidal 4-trifluoromethyl-3'-substituted amino-4'-nitro diphenyl ethers comprise a class of compounds that are highly effective herbicides.

Abstract: Heterocyclic dihydroxyquinoxaline compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein --A-- together with the two carbon atoms denoted as 1 and 2 is selected from ##STR2## R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently H, halogen, CN, NH.sub.2, NO.sub.2, SO.sub.3 H, SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2, or CONH.sub.2The invention also relates to a method of preparing the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and their use.The compounds are useful in the treatment of indications caused by hyperactivity of the excitatory neurotransmitters.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X has the formula --CR.sup.5 .dbd.CR.sup.6 --, --C.tbd.C-- or ##STR2## wherein ring A is phenyl, naphthyl or heterocyclic; wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkanoyl or aroyl;wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each is an electron withdrawing substituent of each is hydrogen or alkyl, alkoxy or dialkylamino, provided that when ring A is phenyl or naphthyl at least one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is an electron-withdrawing substitutent;wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, each is hydrogen, halogeno or alkyl;wherein R.sup.7 is alkyl or halogenoalkyl; and wherein R.sup.8 has the formula --Y--Q--R.sup.9 wherein Y is straight- or branched-chain alkylene or alkenylene; wherein Q is --O--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --; andwherein R.sup.9 is alkyl or up to 6 carbon atoms which contains one or more defined substituents, processes for their manufacture and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of formula (II): ##STR1## or a tautomer or salt thereof in substantially pure form wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or a cyano group; R.sup.4 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or trifluoromethyl; R.sup.5 is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or trifluoromethyl; and R.sup.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; which process comprises nitrating a compound of formula (III): ##STR2## or a salt thereof wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: Optionally substituted 2-benzyl-toluenes can be prepared by reaction of optionally substituted 2-benzyl-tert.-alkyl-toluenes with an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of anhydrous iron-(III) halide. The reaction is carried out at ambient to elevated temperature. The optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon is employed in molar excess, relative to the 2-benzly-tert.-alkyl-toluenes.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is a hydrocarbon chain containing 1 to 16 groups, the said chain containing at least one heteroatom, at least one unsaturation, the assembly of the group constituting the chain may be a mono- or polycyclic system including a spiro or endosystem and the assembly of chain A and the carbon atoms attached thereto can contain at least one chiral atom or the hemiacetal moiety thereto which can present a chirality due to the dissymetric spatial configuration of the molecule and Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms optionally substituted, --CY.sub.3 ' and the .beta.,.gamma. bond together with Y can be part of A and Y' is bromine or chlorine.

Abstract: Novel compounds having greatest interest as biologically-active materials for the treatment of diabetic complications in mammals, or intermediates for such materials, are perfluoroalkyl compounds corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R' are independently selected from chloro, fluoro, nitro, hydroxy, and alkyl and alkoxy substituents containing 1-6 carbons; Q is --CN, --COOL, --COX, or --CTN(R")CH.sub.2 COOL; L is hydrogen, alkali metal, or saturated hydrocarbyl; X is halo; T is oxygen or sulfur; R" is an alkyl group containing 1-6 carbons; m is 0 or 1; and n is an integer of at least one.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain herbicidally active substituted diphenyl ether oxime derivatives, herbicidal compositions of the same and the use thereof for preemergence and postemergence control of noxious plants, i.e., weeds.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a process for producing 2,6 dinitroaniline derivates which are suited as intermediates for herbicides. The process involves the formation of a 1,2,6-trinitro-aromatic isomer and the subsequent nucleophilic displacement of the 1-nitrosubstituent with an amine. The reaction products can easily be separated from other organics by forming an amine salt and extracting with water.

Abstract: There are described 1-phenoxy(phenylthio)-4-aryl-alkynyloxy-benzene derivatives endowed with a juvenile hormonic activity towards insects and with an acaricide activity. The use of these compounds for controlling insects infestations in both the agrarian and civil field and the processes for preparing said compounds are described too.

Abstract: Diphenyl ethers of the formula ##STR1## wherein m is 1-3, n is 1 or 2, R is hydrogen, carboxy, carboxylate salt or ester, formyl oxime, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, chloro, bromo, or N, N-dialkyl amino, are prepared by reacting a chloro-fluoro-benzotrifluoride of the formula ##STR2## wherein m and n are as defined above with a nitro-phenoxide of the formula ##STR3## where R is defined above, and M is a cation of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 2-arylethyl ether or thioether derivatives represented by the following general formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein Ar stands for an aryl group, R.sup.1 stands for straight or branched chain alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, R.sup.2 stands for a hydrogen atom, or a methyl or ethyl group, R.sup.3 stands for a halogen atom, or a methyl or methoxyl group, R.sup.4 stands for a hydrogen or halogen atom, or a lower alkyl or lower alkoxy group, and n is an integer of 1 or 2 with the proviso that when n is 2, the groups R.sup.4 may be the same or different, and Y stands for an oxygen or sulfur atom, and also to processes for the preparation of these ethers or thioethers and a use of these ethers or thioethers.These compounds of the present invention have excellent insecticidal and acaricidal activities while the toxicity of these compounds are very low.

Abstract: Anisotropic compounds of the formula (1) specified in claim 1 are suitable, owing to their low .DELTA..epsilon./.epsilon..perp. values for liquid crystal displays which have high information densities of for examples up to 10.sup.6 image dots and accordingly need to be highly multiplexible; compared with known compounds they offer improved application properties and are relatively simple to synthesize.