Abstract: Provided is a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery, comprising one or more compounds A represented by structure 1, wherein R1 is independently selected from a halogen atom or a group containing 1-5 carbon atoms, and R2 is independently selected from a group containing 0-5 carbon atoms; X1 is independently selected from a phosphorus oxygen group or a phosphorus atom; X2 is independently selected from an oxygen atom, a carboxylate group, a sulfonate group or a carbonate group. The non-aqueous electrolyte can improve the high-temperature cycle performance of the battery and reduce the impedance. The lithium ion battery prepared with the non-aqueous electrolyte possesses good high-temperature resistant properties and good cycle performance, which can effectively avoid the instability of the lithium ion battery under high temperature conditions and improve the high and low temperature cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to a polymer film comprising an anti-blushing composition in a blend comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT); wherein the blend has an intrinsic viscosity above 0.75 and contains at least 50 wt. % of PBT; wherein the anti-blushing composition comprises a phosphorus containing compound but excludes certain phosphorus compounds; and wherein the anti-blushing composition is configured to prevent blushing in the polymer film laminated directly to a metal sheet and exposed to steam at a temperature of 260° F. for 90 minutes.

Abstract: A substituted phenoxyethyl(isopropyl)acyloxyalkyl phosphonate having phosphorusheterocyclic ring and having herbicidal activity, with a general formula of I, wherein R represents 5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-one-2-yl, or 1-oxo-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-4-yl, or 1-sulfo-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo 2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-4-yl; R1 represents H, C1-C4 alkyl, phenyl, furyl, pyridyl, or phenyl substituted with methyl, methoxyl, nitro or chloro; R2 represents H, methyl, and methyl only if R in the general formula I is 1-sulfo-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-4-yl as phosphorusheterocyclic ring; X and Y represent H, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl or trifluoromethyl, and X and Y are the same or different. The compounds according to the present invention may be used as active component of dicotyledonous broadleaf weed herbicides.

Abstract: A substituted phenoxyethyl(isopropyl)acyloxyalkyl phosphonate having phosphorusheterocyclic ring and having herbicidal activity, with a general formula of I, wherein R represents 5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-one-2-yl, or 1-oxo-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-4-yl, or 1-sulfo-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo 2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-4-yl; R1 represents H, C1-C4 alkyl, phenyl, furyl, pyridyl, or phenyl substituted with methyl, methoxyl, nitro or chloro; R2 represents H, methyl, and methyl only if R in the general formula I is 1-sulfo-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-4-yl as phosphorusheterocyclic ring; X and Y represent H, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl or trifluoromethyl, and X and Y are the same or different. The compounds according to the present invention may be used as active component of dicotyledonous broadleaf weed herbicides.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of removing colorants from a material. The method includes providing colored material, providing an oxoacid or oxoacid ester of phosphorous acid, and combining the colored material and the oxoacid or oxoacid ester of phosphorous under conditions effective to remove the colorant from the colored material.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I, their preparation and synthetic intermediates, and their use in the synthesis of prodrugs: wherein: V and L are trans relative to one another; V is selected from group consisting of carbocyclic aryl, substituted carbocyclic aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; and L is a leaving group selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl sulfonate, aryloxy optionally substituted with 1-2 substituents, N-containing heteroaryl, and N-hydroxy-nitrogen containing heteroaryl; and salts thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing a melamine salt of pentaerypolyol phosphoric acid is provided. The method comprises the following steps of: ball milling a mixture of pentaerypolyol and phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) under a solvent-free reacting environment to obtain a pentaerypolyol phosphoric acid, and ball milling a mixture of a pentaerypolyol phosphoric acid and melamine without organic solvent reacting environment to obtain a melamine salt of pentaerypolyol phosphoric acid.

Abstract: Mechanochemical synthesis of pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol is disclosed. The synthesis is carried out by ball milling a mixture containing P2O5, pentaerythritol, an alkyl benzene having one or two C1-C5 alkyl groups, and a metal halide catalyst, in a ball mill as a reactor and at a temperature of 70-150° C.

Abstract: Bis-(pentaerythritol phosphate) phosphoric acid is prepared by mechanochemical synthesis including ball milling a mixture containing P2O5, pentaerythritol, an alkyl benzene having one or two C1-C5 alkyl groups, and a metal halide catalyst, in a ball mill as a reactor and at a temperature of room temperature to 150° C. Melamine is then reacted with the resulting bis-(pentaerythritol phosphate) phosphoric acid to form a product of melamine salt thereof.

Abstract: A process for the production of pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol (PEPA) comprising reacting in the liquid phase phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) with pentaerythritol (PE) at a reaction temperature of at least about 100° C. in the presence of a solvent which is an alkane substituted with at least one halogen atom and having an atmospheric boiling point of about 40 to about 150° C., e.g., 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride). The reaction pressure is sufficiently high to maintain the solvent in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A five-coordinate phosphorous compound which is useful as an stabilizer for organic materials and represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkylcycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group or a phenyl group; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; X represents a direct bond, a sulfur atom or a group represented by --CHR.sup.6 -- wherein R.sup.6 represents hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and a process for producing the compound (I) are provided.

Abstract: An organic phosphorous compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkylcycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group or a phenyl group; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkylcycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group or a phenyl group, or the two R.sup.4 may be combined with each other to form a direct bond, a sulfur bond (--S--), or aN optionally substituted methylene group; R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluorophosphite compound of the formula ##STR1## This compound shows superior performance as a stabilizer in polymers, such as polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride. Also disclosed is a process for making this compound.

Abstract: Novel alkyl-aromatic diphosphites having antioxidant and flame-retarding abilities and corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## can be prepared by reacting a 2,2'-bridged bisphenol corresponding to the formula: ##STR2## with pentaerythritol dichlorophosphite at 20-150.degree. C. in the presence of a basic catalyst; R and R' in the formulas representing hydrocarbyl groups, R" being a divalent bridging group, and n being 0 or 1. These diphosphites have good hydrolytic stability per se and can be made even more resistant to hydrolysis by stabilizing them with at least 0.5% by weight of an acid scavenger, preferably before they are recovered from their synthesis reaction mixtures.

Abstract: Bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) hydrogen phosphonate is a flame retardant compound. Such a compound can be prepared by the transesterification of a diphenyl phosphite with pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol.

Abstract: (Pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol)(cyclic neopentylene glycol) phosphite and phosphonate are disclosed as flame retardant compounds. The first named compound is formed by the reaction of pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol with a neopentylene glycol halophosphite, such as neopentylene glycol chlorophosphite. The (pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol)(cyclic neopentylene glycol) phosphonate is formed by heating (pentaerythritol phosphate ol)(cyclic neopentylene glycol) phosphite.

Abstract: (Pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol)(aryl) phosphonate compounds may contain from one to three pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol groups, such as bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol)(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) phosphonate, and are useful as flame retardants. The analogous phosphite compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A phosphine compound represented by one of the formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, each represent a phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom or a lower alkyl group or taken together form a divalent hydrocarbon group; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each represent a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group or taken together form a divalent hydrocarbon group, and wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.6' which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group; R.sup.5, R.sup.5', R.sup.11 and R.sup.11' which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group or a halogen atom; or a pair of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 or a pair of R.sup.5' and R.sup.6' may form a ring; R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: A bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) alkylphosphonate compound, such as one comprising an alkyl group of from about one to four carbon atoms, preferably bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) methylphosphonate, is a flame retardant compound. Such a compound can be prepared by the transesterification of a diphenyl alkyl phosphonate carrying the desired alkyl group with pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol. An alternative process of preparation comprises the reaction of pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol, a trialkylamine, and an alkylphosphonic dihalide.

Abstract: A bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) alkylphosphonate compound, such as one comprising an alkyl group of from about one to four carbon atoms, preferably bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) methylphosphonate, is a flame retardant compound. Such a compound can be prepared by the transesterification of a diphenyl alkyl phosphonate carrying the desired alkyl group with pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol. An alternative process of preparation comprises the reaction of pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol, a trialkylamine, and an alkylphosphonic dihalide.

Abstract: Bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) hydrogen phosphonate is a flame retardant compound. Such a compound can be prepared by the transesterification of a diphenyl phosphite with pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol.

Abstract: A bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) alkylphosphonate compound, such as one comprising an alkyl group of from about one to four carbon atoms, preferably bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) methylphosphonate, is a flame retardant compound. Such a compound can be prepared by the transesterification of a diphenyl alkyl phosphonate carrying the desired alkyl group with pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol. An alternative process of preparation comprises the reaction of pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol, a trialkylamine, and an alkylphosphonic dihalide.

Abstract: Biphosphites of formula I ##STR1## wherein m is 0, 1 or 2,n is 1 to 4 or 6,R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and, if m=2, the radicals R.sub.1 are identical or different, and A is the radical of an at least n-hydric alcohol or phenol, which radical is attached to the P atom or atoms through the alcoholic or phenolic O atom or atoms, obtainable by reacting a compound of formula II ##STR2## wherein m is 0, 1 or 2, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and, if m=2, the radicals R.sub.1 are identical or different and R.sub.2 ' is phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylphenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, with a polyether polyol or polyether/ester polyol, the hydroxy functions of said polyether polyol or polyether/ester polyol being partially or completely esterified with the ##STR3## are suitable for use as stabilizers, especially processing stabilizers, for organic polymers, preferably PVC resins, high density polyethylene and propylene.

Abstract: A process for the formation of pentaerythritol-based phosphorus heterocycles comprises the reaction of a pentaerythritol polyol, e.g., pentaerythritol, with a trivalent or pentavalent phosphorus compounds, e.g., a phosphorus oxytrihalide, a triorganophosphite, or a phosphorus trihalide, in an aryl phosphate solvent at elevated temperature.

Abstract: Bis(pentaerythritol phosphate) carbonate can be formed by the reaction of pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol and dihydrocarbyl carbonate, such as diphenyl carbonate, preferably in the presence of a transesterification catalyst, such as an imidazole, and in a high boiling organic solvent, e.g., a phosphate ester solvent, which allows for removal of by-product.

Abstract: Novel bicyclictriarylphosphite antioxidants are useful in protecting, against oxidation, materials normally susceptible to oxidation.

Abstract: A flame resistant composition has (1) an organic polymeric substance (such as polypropylene) in intimate contact with (2) an ether, ester, or carbonate derivative of a bicyclic phosphorous compound (such as pentaerythritol phosphate) and (3) a gas producing compound (such as melamine or ammonium polyphosphate).

Abstract: A mixing component for nematic liquid-crystalline substances used in optoelectronic components for the rendition of numbers, symbols and images. The object of the invention is to reduce, in components for nematic liquid crystal substances, the threshold and operating voltages. It has been found, that the addition of one or more 1-oxa-2,6,7-trioxane-1-phospha-bicyclo-derivatives having the general formula ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## with R.sup.1 =C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 --, C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 O--, C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 COO--, C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 OCOO--, R.sup.2 +C.sub.n H.sub.2n=1 --with n=an integer from 1 to 10to nematic liquid crystal substances, considerably reduces the operating voltage.