Abstract: A method for preparing the cyclic phosphonate compound of Formula I is described. The method significantly improves the stereoselectivity of the compound with the required configuration.

Abstract: A method for preparing the cyclic phosphonate compound of Formula I is described. The method significantly improves the stereoselectivity of the compound with the required configuration.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a functionalized elastomer comprising the reaction product of Y and Z, wherein Y is a copolymer of a first monomer and a second monomer, wherein the first monomer is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, and styrene; and the second monomer is selected from the group consisting of formula 1 and 2 wherein B is boron; O is oxygen; R1 and R2 are independently linear or branched alkyl groups containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R3 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R4 is a linear or branched alkane diyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a bridging aromatic group; and Z is a compound of formula 3 where R5 is phenylene, a linear or branched alkane diyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a combination of one or more phenylene groups and one or more linear or branched alkane diyl groups containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and Q is hydrogen, bromine, or a functional group comprising

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of making a functionalized elastomer, comprising the steps of: forming a copolymer Y by copolymerizing a first monomer and a second monomer, wherein the first monomer is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, and styrene; the second monomer is selected from the group consisting of formula 1 or 2 wherein B is boron; O is oxygen; R1 and R2 are independently linear or branched alkyl groups containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R3 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R4 is a linear or branched alkane diyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a bridging aromatic group; and reacting the copolymer Y with a compound Z to form the functionalized elastomer, wherein Z is a compound of formula 3 where R5 is phenylene, a linear or branched alkane diyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a combination of one or more phenylene groups and one or more linear or branched alkane diyl groups c

Abstract: A series of novel phosphorus-containing compounds having the following formula is provided: in which: R1-R4, A, Q and m are as defined in the specification. A process for the preparation of the compound of formula (I) is also provided. A polymer of formula (PA), and preparation process and use thereof are further provided. A polymer of formula (PI), and preparation process and use thereof are also provided.

Abstract: A process for producing a cyclic alkylene phosphorohalidite, which comprises reacting a specific phosphorus trihalide with a specific alkylene glycol compound under conditions where the phosphorus trihalide is present in an excess amount relative to the amount of the alkylene glycol compound in the reaction system to order to obtain the cyclic alkylene phosphorohalidite by reacting the alkylene glycol compound with the phosphorus trihalide; and a process for producing a cyclic phosphoric acid ester by using the obtained cyclic alkylene phosphorohalidite as a raw material.

Abstract: A series of novel phosphorus-containing compounds having the following formula is provided: in which: R1-R4, A, Q and m are as defined in the specification. A process for the preparation of the compound of formula (I) is also provided. A polymer of formula (PA), and preparation process and use thereof are further provided. A polymer of formula (PI), and preparation process and use thereof are also provided.

Abstract: A method synthesizing homoallylic or homopropargylic alcohols was developed to react aldehydes with allyl boronates, such as allylboronic acid pinacol ester, or allenylborates in the presence of a catalytic amount of a chiral binaphthyl-derived chiral phosphoric acid. The method showed enhanced enantiocontrol and chemical yield, which increased with lower temperatures. A large series of aldehydes were tested under these catalytic conditions and wide successful substrate scope was found, including aryl, heteroaryl, aromatic aldehydes, heteroaryl aldehydes, ?,?-unsaturated aldehydes and aliphatic aldehydes, and alkyl aldehydes. Likewise, the use of crotyl boronates (E and Z) were successfully reacted with aryl aldehydes under the conditions to allow for highly enantio- and diasteo-selective crotylation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new phosphaphenanthrene compounds with excellent light emitting property and an organic light emitting diode (OLED) using the same.

Abstract: A series of novel phosphorus-containing compounds having the following formula is provided: in which: R1-R4, A, Q and m are as defined in the specification. A process for the preparation of the compound of formula (I) is also provided. A polymer of formula (PA), and preparation process and use thereof are further provided. A polymer of formula (PI), and preparation process and use thereof are also provided.

Abstract: Mixtures of three types of linear, branched or cyclic phosphates are useful flame retardants, especially for thermoplastic resins or as functional additives in polymer matrices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparation of a phosphoromonochloridite in high yield by contacting phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) with an aromatic diol in a solution of one or more organic solvents under reaction conditions sufficient to produce the phosphoromonochloridite. The reaction is carried out by adding a feed solution containing the aromatic diol dissolved in a first organic solvent into a reaction zone containing PCl3, and optionally one or more second organic solvents, the addition being conducted so as to maintain substantially isothermal process conditions. The reaction solution comprises greater than 0.01 to less than 5 mole percent of a nitrogen base.

Abstract: The Invention relates to a method for preparing a combretastatin (A): formula (I) in the form of a base or of an addition salt with an acid, which comprises coupling, in the presence of a base and of T3P, the salt of the (Z)-amino compound of formula (II) with a doubly protected L-serine derivative of formula (III) in which PG denotes a group protecting the amine function, so as to obtain the compound of formula (Z)-(Ib): formula (IV), then deprotecting and opening the ring of (Z)-(Ib) in the presence of an acid, so as to obtain the combretastatin (A) in the form of a salt; and, optionally, adding a base, so as to obtain the combretastatin (A) in the form of a base, the salt of the (Z)-amino compound having been obtained by enrichment of the salt of the amino compound of formula (V) in (Z) isomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of organophosphorus compounds, in particular 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) or derivatives thereof which have been known for many years in prior art. They are used preferably as additives for polymers. In particular the use of DOPO and derivatives thereof as flame retardants for polymers, such as e.g. polyesters, polyamides, epoxy resins, has proved to be advantageous.

Abstract: A novel process for preparing in a high purity and in a high yield phosphorus compounds having a phosphate-phosphonate bond within one molecule, along with only a small amount of a by-product, without being restricted by the kind of a phosphonate having an alcoholic hydroxyl group which is a raw material, without using a catalyst such as magnesium chloride, but only using a nitrogen-containing basic compound.

Abstract: The invention provides novel ?-lactamase inhibitors, which are structurally unrelated to the natural product and semi-synthetic ?-lactamase inhibitors presently available, and which do not possess a ?-lactam pharmacophore. These new inhibitors are fully synthetic, allowing ready access to a wide variety of structurally related analogs. Certain embodiments of these new inhibitors also bind bacterial DD-peptidases, thus potentially acting both as ?-lactamase inhibitors and as antibiotics.

Abstract: A novel process for preparation of alkenylphosphine oxides or alkenylphosphinic acid esters provided by which the objective compounds can be easily, safely and efficiently synthesized and easily separated and purified with little formation of by-products. Specifically, a process of conducting the addition reaction of an easily available secondary phosphine oxide or hydrogen phosphinic acid ester with an acetylene compound with a catalyst containing a Group 9 or 10 metal of the periodic table to thereby obtain the corresponding alkenylphosphine oxide or alkenylphosphinic acid ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of ?-phosphorated nitroxide radicals which consist in preparing, in a first step, an aminophosphonate by reaction of a carbonyl compound, of a primary amine and of a phosphorous compound in the presence of a Lewis acid and then, in a second step, in oxidizing the said crude aminophosphonate using nonhalogenated organic peracids in a water/organic solvent two-phase medium with an aqueous phase buffered at a pH ranging from 5 to 12.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of organic boronic acid derivatives involving the reaction of an organic compound with diboronic acid in the presence of a Group 8-11 metal catalyst.

Abstract: Novel alkenylphosphonic acid esters of the following general formula (I): R1CH?CR2[P(O)(OCR3R4CR5R6O)]??(I) and a simple process for the preparation thereof are provided by the use of secondary cyclic phosphonic acid esters as the starting material.

Abstract: Chiral phosphine ligands derived from chiral natural products including D-mannitol and tartaric acid. The ligands contain one or more 5-membered phospholane rings with multiple chiral centers, and provide high stereoselectivity in asymmetric reactions.

Abstract: Cyclic glycerophosphates as well as some analogs thereof (CGs) are shown to increase phosphorylation of intracellular proteins in various cells. Such activity is not found with linear ? or ? glycerophosphates. The phosphorylating activity of the CGs render them useful in the prevention and treatment of various disorders and diseases such as, for example, different kinds of malignancies as well as disorders involving hormone and hormone-like signaling. The CGs are also useful for promotion of target cell differentiation and for detection of abnormal conditions in target cells.

Abstract: Methods for discovery of enzyme ligands and inhibitors are disclosed. The methods comprise the creation and testing of combinatorial libraries comprising an active site-targeted component, a linker component and a peripheral site-targeted component. The methods also comprise a novel assay for determining whether a compound is a ligand of an enzyme. The assay evaluates whether the compound can inhibit the binding of a known ligand of the active site of the enzyme to a mutant of the enzyme that can bind the enzyme substrate but cannot catalyze an enzymatic reaction with the substrate. Various ligands and inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) are also disclosed. These ligands and inhibitors were discovered using the above methods. One particular inhibitor discovered using the invention methods has the highest specificity and affinity of any PTP1B inhibitor discovered to date.

Abstract: A solid phosphite composite, having at least a portion in amorphous form, which includes at least one, preferably two or more phosphite antioxidants or alternatively at least one phosphite and at least one other polymer additive. The phosphites, at least one of which can initially be a liquid, are generally uniformly distributed since they are melt blended. A desired class of phosphites are the bis(arylalkylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphites, at least a portion of which is in amorphous form.

Abstract: There are disclosed amphoteric nano-sized metal oxide particles functionalized with silyl esters of a phosphonate and composites thereof with an acrylate-based monomer, including liquid crystal monomers photopolymerizable at ambient temperature. Also disclosed are the method making such functionalized particular by reacting a metal oxide with a silyl ester of a phosphonate in the presence of a non-aqueous solvent and in an inert atmosphere and the method of making the composites wherein the functionalized particles are admixed with an acrylate-based matrix monomer, including liquid crystal monomers photopolymerizable at ambient temperature. Further disclosed is the method of dental repair wherein the composites are applied to a tooth and photopolymerized.

Abstract: Chiral phosphine ligands derived from chiral natural products including D-mannitol and tartaric acid. The ligands contain one or more 5-membered phospholane rings with multiple chiral centers, and provide high stereoselectivity in asymmetric reactions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to enzymes and intermediates of the non-mevalonate isoprenoid pathway downstream of 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclopyrophosphate and upstream of isopentenyl pyrophosphate or dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. These are used as a basis for a screening method for inhibitors of these enzymes, and a method for identifying inhibitor-resistant variants thereof. Further disclosures refer to DNA coding for said enzymes and for inhibitor-resistant variants thereof, vectors containing said DNA, cells containing said vector, and plant seeds comprising cells containing said vector. This invention is useful for the inhibition of the biosynthesis of isoprenoids in plants, bacteria and protozoa, for confering herbicide-resistance to plants, as well as for weed control in agriculture using a crop containing a herbicide-resistant gene and an effective amount of a suitable herbicide.

Abstract: The invention relates to tris-(oxalato)phosphates of the general formula M[P(C2O4)3] wherein M=H, a metal or N(R1R2R3R4), where R1, R2, R3, R4, are independently H or an alkyl group comprising 1 to 8 C atoms. The invention also relates to a method for preparing such compounds as well as to their use.

Abstract: This invention has as its object a method for releasing a product by subjecting a compound of Formula (II′): R′7R′8(HX)C1-C2(YH)R′9R′10 to a chemical oxidation that cleaves the bond C1-C2 to obtain the product. In the compound of Formula (II′): R′7 to R′10, which are identical or different, correspond to a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted functional group; X and Y, which are identical or different, are an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an amine of Formula -NR11R12, wherein R11 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R12 is not a hydrogen atom. The invention also has as its object a method for releasing a product that comprises, before the chemical oxidation stage, a first step for preparing the compound of Formula (II′). The released product can be a volatile molecule or an active substance or else a specific product.

Abstract: The invention relates to the bisphosphites of the general formula(I), wherein R1, R2, R3, $4 R5 R6 represent H, an aliphatic, alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, heterocyclic, aliphatic-heterocyclic, aromatic, aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon group with 1 to 50 carbon atoms, F, Cl, Br, I, —OR7, —COR7, —CO2R7, —CO2M, —SR7, —SO2R7, —SOR7, —SO3R7, —SO3M, —SO2NR7R8, NR7R8, N═CR7R8, NH2, wherein R1 to R6 are the same or different and can be covalently linked with each other, R7, R8 represent H, a substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group with 1 to 25 carbon atoms, which are the same or different, M represents an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, phosphonium ion; Q represents a bivalent, aliphatic alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic, aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon group with 1 to 50 carbons atoms, W, X represent aliphatic, alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, heterocyclic, aliphatic-heterocyclic, aromati

Abstract: Chiral di-phosphonites and phosphhours diamides based on the ps-ortho disubstituted p-cyclophane skeleton are good ligands for transition metals, notably rhodium, iridium and ruthenium. Preferably, the transition metals are linked to the ligands by a diene compound chosen from 2,5-Norbornadiene (NBD) and 1,5-Cyclooctadiene (COD).

Abstract: Bisphenol-phosphorus compound complexes represented by the following general formula (1) are disclosed (R1 to R4 represent hydrogen atom or a group that can be a substituent on a benzene ring; L represents —S— group or a —CHR5— group where R5 represents hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and R6 to R8 represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group etc.). The present invention provides reducing agents that can realize thermally processed image recording materials that can provide sufficient image density at a practical reaction temperature (specifically 100-140° C.) and within a practical reaction time (specifically 1-30 seconds), and can sufficiently suppress the coloration of white portions when the materials are stored in a dark place after the development.

Abstract: A diastereomer complex obtained via a process for the separation of enantiomers is disclosed, wherein separation can be rapidly effected such that enantiomers are obtained with high e.e. values. The process permits the separation of mixtures of enantiomers in which more than one resolving agent is used, of which at least one resolving agent is optically active, and which yields a diastereomer complex containing at least two resolving agents in optically active form. The process provides for, inter alia, a diastereomer complex having at least three compounds of which at least two compounds are resolving agents in optically active form, and at least one compound is an enantiomer in optically active form. Also provided is a diastereomer complex having at least three compounds of which at least one compound is a resolving agent in optically active form, and at least two compounds which are enantiomers in optically active form.

Abstract: An optically active binaphthol derivative of the following formula (1) or (2), an optically active phosphate derivative of the following formula (3) or, (4), processes for their production, and an asymmetry identifying agent comprising the derivative of the formula (3) or (4):

Abstract: The invention provides novel &bgr;-lactamase inhibitors, which are structurally unrelated to the natural product and semi-synthetic &bgr;-lactamase inhibitors presently available, and which do not possess a &bgr;-lactam pharmacophore. These new inhibitors are fully synthetic, allowing ready access to a wide variety of structurally related analogs. Certain embodiments of these new inhibitors also bind bacterial DD-peptidases, thus potentially acting both as &bgr;-lactamase inhibitors and as antibiotics.

Abstract: Olefin co- or homopolymers having a good molecular weight and short chain branching may be prepared in the presence of a tridentate complex of a Group 8, 9 or 10 metal.

Abstract: A binaphthol monophosphoric acid derivative of the following formula (1), (2), (3) or (4): wherein each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 which are independent of one another, is hydrogen, a C2-20 linear or branched alkenyl group, a C2-20 linear or branched alkynyl group, a phenyl group, a phenyl group having its nucleus substituted at the 1- to 4-carbon atom by a C1-10 linear or branched alkyl group, a phenyl group having its nucleus substituted at the 1- to 4-carbon atom by a C2-10 linear or branched alkenyl group, a phenyl group having its nucleus substituted at the 1- to 4-carbon atom by a C2-10 linear or branched alkynyl group, a naphthyl group or a C3-8 cycloalkyl group, provided that R1 to R4 are not simultaneously hydrogen, wherein each of R5, R6, R7 and R8 which are independent of one another, essentially the same as R1, R2, R3 and R4.

Abstract: A diastereomer complex obtained via a process for the separation of enantiomers is disclosed, wherein separation can be rapidly effected such that enantiomers are obtained with high e.e. values. The process pets the separation of mixtures of enantiomers in which more than one resolving agent is used, of which at least one resolving agent is optically active, and which yields a diastereomer complex containing at least two resolving agents in optically active form. The process provides for, inter alia, a diastereomer complex having at least three compounds of which at least two compounds are resolving agents in optically active form, and at least one compound is an onantiomer in optically active form. Also provided is a diastereomer complex having at least three compounds of which at lea one compound is a resolving agent in optically active form, and at least two compounds which are enantiomers in optically active form.

Abstract: A crystalline polymer composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a crystalline polymer and 0.005 to 5 parts by weight of a compound represented by formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and M represents an alkali metal, the compound having a chlorine content of 500 ppm or less.

Abstract: A phosphite represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein n repesents 1 or 2; A represents alkylene; B represents a direct bond or alkylene; one of Y and Z represents a hydroxyl group, alkoxy or aralkyloxy, and the other one represents a hydrogen atom or alkyl; X represents a group of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkylcycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group or a phenyl group; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkylcycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group or a phenyl group, or R.sup.4 may be combined to form a direct bond, a sulfur bond (--S--), or an unsubstituted or substituted methylene group; R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkylcycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group or a phenyl group;R.sup.8 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; andR.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of phosphorus-containing compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl-, cyclopentyl-, aryl-, halogen-, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkyl- or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkoxy-substituted aryl radical, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, together with the phosphorus atom and the oxygen atom, can also form a ring, in particular an oxaphosphorin ring, which comprises metering acrylonitrile at elevated temperature into a compound of the formula (II) ##STR2## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing of phosphorus-containing dicarboxylic acids of the formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are each a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms in the ring, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl radical having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 form, with inclusion of the phosphorus atom, a ring having from 5 to 8 members, and m and n are each, independently of one another 0 or 1, by reacting a compound of the formula (II) ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and m are as defined above, with fumaric acid, maleic acid or itaconic acid in the presence of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having a total of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms as solvent at from 100.degree. to 200.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure or superatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkyl arylphosphinites of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.16)-alkyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, arylwhich can also be substituted by halogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkoxy groupsR.sup.2 is aryl which can also be substituted by halogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkoxy groups, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the phosphorous atom can also form a ring andR.sup.3 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, which comprises reacting halo(aryl) phosphines of the formula (II) ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 have the meaning given above and X is halogen, with ammonia-containing alcohols of the formula (III)R.sup.3 OH (III)in which R.sup.3 has the meaning given above.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel phosphorous-containing inhibitors of cysteine or serine proteases. Methods for the use of the protease inhibitors are also described.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which n is 1, 2 or 3 and in which X is oxygen or sulfur, T has the meaning of --S--, --S--S--, --S--S--, --S--S--S--S--, --S--S--S--S--S--, ##STR2## and Y has the meaning of ##STR3## in which Z has the meaning of --H, --COR.sup.13, --COOR.sup.13 or --CONHR.sup.13, and Q has the meaning of oxygen or --NR.sup.0 --, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.0, R.sup.4 and R.sup.13 are as defined in claim 1, with the proviso that the compound of the formula C.sub.2 H.sub.5 --S--CH.sub.2 CH(OH)--P(OC.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2 is excepted.The invention also relates to compositions containing the compounds of the formula I and organic materials, for example functional liquids and, in particular, lubricants.

Abstract: A phosphine compound represented by one of the formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, each represent a phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom or a lower alkyl group or taken together form a divalent hydrocarbon group; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each represent a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group or taken together form a divalent hydrocarbon group, and wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.6' which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group; R.sup.5, R.sup.5', R.sup.11 and R.sup.11' which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group or a halogen atom; or a pair of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 or a pair of R.sup.5' and R.sup.6' may form a ring; R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: 6-Chloro-2,4,8,10-tetrabutyl-dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin and related phosphorochlorites are prepared by reaction of an appropriate bisphenol with phosphorus trichloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone in toluene followed by heating the solution and stripping off the hydrogen chloride formed by a flow of nitrogen.

Abstract: A process for the formation of pentaerythritol-based phosphorus heterocycles comprises the reaction of a pentaerythritol polyol, e.g., pentaerythritol, with a trivalent or pentavalent phosphorus compounds, e.g., a phosphorus oxytrihalide, a triorganophosphite, or a phosphorus trihalide, in an aryl phosphate solvent at elevated temperature.

Abstract: A compound of Formula I or a salt thereof:Ar--Q--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --A--CH.sub.2).sub.n (CE.sup.1 .dbd.CE.sup.2).sub.a CE.sup.3 .dbd.CE.sup.4 CXNR.sup.1 R.sup.2 (1)whereAr is a 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing, as the heteroatom or heteroatoms, one or two nitrogen atoms and is optionally substituted by one or more of halogen, cyano, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl (optionally substituted by halogen), or C.sub.1-6 -alkoxy (optionally substituted by one or more of halogen or C.sub.1-6 -alkyl), or RS(O).sub.x where x is 0, 1 or 2 and R is C.sub.1-6 -alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms,Q is --CH.sub.2 -- or --O--,m and n are each independently 0 to 7,A is --CH.sub.2 -- or --O--,a is 0 or 1,E.sup.1 to E.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl or halo-C.sub.1-4 -alkyl or halogen,X is oxygen or sulphur, andR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl or C.sub.3-6 -cycloalkyl, either being optionally substituted by one or more of the C.sub.1-6 -alkyl, C.sub.

Abstract: Transition metal-bis-phosphite catalyzed carbonylation processes, especially hydroformylation, as well as transition metal-bis-phosphite compositions, bis-phosphite ligands and transition metal-bis-phosphite catalysts.