Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I (variables defined herein) and processes for making compounds including 2,6 -naphthyl radicals are provided. Polymerizable or nonpolymerizable liquid-crystalline compositions including one or more compounds including 2,6 -naphthyl radicals, and products and processes employing such compositions, are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel material capable of realizing excellent color purity of blue, a light-emitting element and a light-emitting device using the novel material. The present invention provides an oligonaphthalene derivative represented by the formula (1). The oligonaphthalene derivatives of the present invention have an extremely large band gap, can emit light with extremely short wavelength, and can emit blue light with favorable color purity. In addition, a light-emitting element that can exhibit excellent color purity of blue can be obtained by applying this material to the light-emitting element or a light-emitting device; therefore the light-emitting element having superior color reproducibility can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides; a polymer suitable as a base resin for a positive resist composition, in particular a chemically amplified positive resist composition, having a higher resolution, a larger exposure allowance, a smaller sparse-dense size difference, a better process applicability, a better pattern configuration after exposure, and in addition, a further excellent etching resistance, than a conventional positive resist; a positive resist composition using the same; a patterning process; and a novel polymerizable compound to obtain a polymer like this. The present invention was accomplished by a polymer whose hydrogen atom of at least a carboxyl group is substituted by an acid labile group represented by the following general formula (2), a positive resist composition using the same, a patterning process, and a novel polymerizable compound to obtain a polymer like this.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing highly pure fluoro-compounds by making use of N-(2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl)diethylamine. The process produces little or no chlorinated by-products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use as perfuming ingredients of certain derivatives of perhydro-1-naphthalenol of formula: wherein, in particular, each R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R1 and R3 represent a methyl or ethyl group, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower acyl group.

Abstract: A process for the alkoxyalkylation of an unsubstituted aromatic substrate or a substituted aromatic substrate, said substitution being via a carbon-carbon bond, said process comprising reacting the aromatic substrate with a dialkoxyalkane in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The compound of the invention is represented by Formula (1a) or Formula (1b) wherein R1 is a monovalent group; P1 and P2 are a monovalent group having an acrylic group and a hydroxyl group; A1, A2, and B1 are a divalent cyclic group; X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1 and Y2 are a bonding group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use as perfuming ingredients of certain derivatives of perhydro-1-naphthalenol of formula: wherein, in particular, each R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R1 and R3 represent a methyl or ethyl group, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower acyl group.

Abstract: To provide optical elements such as a phase plate suitably used in a broadband range and a polarizing diffraction element excellent in diffraction efficiency, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition to be used for them, and an optical head device using them.

Abstract: Carbonyl compounds of the formula (II), wherein R1 and R2 are as defined herein, react in the presence of an amine with carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula (II), wherein R3 and EWG are also as defined herein, to give ?,?-unsaturated compounds of the formula (I) according to the following scheme: It is possible under mild reaction conditions to obtain unsaturated esters with high (E) stereoselectivity. The reaction typically proceeds at room temperature or lower without particular requirements such as inert gas, exclusion of moisture, heat, etc., being made. The only by-products obtained are CO2 and water.

Abstract: Provided are a polymerizing liquid-crystalline compound of formula (1). In formula (1), Q1 to Q4 each independently represent a formula (2), a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group or the like; at least two of Q1 to Q4 are a formula (2) and may differ from each other. In formula (2), A independently represent a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group or the like; X independently represents a single bond, an alkylene group or the like; Z represents a single bond, —COO—, —OCO— or the like; n indicates an integer of from 0 to 3; p represents any one polymerizing group of formulae (P1) to (P8); W represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group or the like. When Q1 and Q2 are both hydrogen atoms and when Q3 and Q4 are both formula (2), then p must not be (P8).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel compounds of the general formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl that may or may not be unsaturated, alkenyl groups, an acetyl group, a substituted acetyl groups, an alkoxy ether group or alkyl substituted alkoxy ether moieties with each R, other than hydrogen comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R1, R2 and R3 independently represent hydrogen, a C1-C4 alkyl group such as methyl and ethyl and in which one of the dashed lines is a double bond and the other dashed line is a single bond.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I), or a salt thereof wherein R is H, C1-C8 alkyl, aryl or aryl-C1-C8 alkyl; comprising the reaction between a compound of formula (II) wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C1-C8 alkyl, or R1 and R2, taken together, form a —(CH2)m—V—(CH2)n— group, in which V is NR3 or C(R3)2 wherein R3 is hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, aryl or aryl-C1-C8 alkyl; and m and n, which can be the same or different, are 1 or 2; with a compound of formula (III) in which R4 and R5 are independently C1-C8 alkyl, aryl or aryl-C1-C8 alkyl; in the presence of a Ni (II) salt, an organic ligand and a basic agent, to obtain a compound of formula (I) wherein R is C1-C8 alkyl, aryl or aryl-C1-C8 alkyl and, if desired, its conversion to a compound of formula (I) wherein R is hydrogen or to a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chiral compound, and an article utilizing the same, represented by the following structures I-1, I-2, I-3, or 1-4: wherein the chiral compound demonstrates thermochromic temperature insensitivity.

Abstract: A process for preparing a dialkylester of a naphthalenedicarboxylic acid comprising directing a liquid phase reaction mixture comprising a low molecular weight alcohol, a naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, a dialkylester of a naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and a polyethylene naphthalate containing material, at a given temperature and pressure through series arranged reaction zones and subsequently removing a product comprising a dialkylester formed by the reaction of the naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and the polyethylene naphthalate containing material with the low molecular weight alcohol from a reaction zone. This invention is also directed to a process for preparing a purified dialkylester of a naphthalenedicarboxylic acid comprising a series of crystallization and distillation steps, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a plant growth regulatory activity of a new biologically active synthetic molecule methanone-(3?,4?,5?-trimethoxy) phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-O-4?-ethyl but-2?-enoate. More particularly, the invention relates to the potent plant growth promoting activity of a gallic acid derivative having a structure represented by Formula 1 and a molecular formulae C26H26O7. This invention also provides a novel process for preparation of said molecule from a naturally occurring compound and testing it for growth regulating activity using Bacopa test system developed at CIMAP (Khanuja et al.

Abstract: The present invention concerns esters of R-enantiomers of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which is substantially free from the S-enantiomer. The compounds of the invention may be used in treating a disease or illness in a mammal. To this end, a composition comprising a compound mentioned above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof where salt formation occurs, is administered to the mammal in an amount sufficient to elicit a chemopreventative effect or a chemoprotective effect or a therapeutic effect or a prophylactic effect.

Abstract: Supported bis(phosphorus) ligands are disclosed for use in a variety of catalytic processes, including the isomerization, hydrogenation, hydroformylation, and hydrocyanation of unsaturated organic compounds. Catalysts are formed when the ligands are combined with a catalytically active metal, such as nickel.

Abstract: A compound is of formula (I), in which: A1 to A4, E1 and E2 each independently represent hydrogen or an optionally-substituted hydrocarbon group; B1 and B2 each independently represent a single bond, an oxygen atom or an optionally-substituted hydrocarbon group; MG1 and MG2 each independently represent an optionally-substituted ring system; CG is a divalent or polyvalent chiral group. The optically active compound may be used as a doping agent for liquid crystals for a wide range of applications including solid state cholesteric filters for projection displays, circular polarisers, optical filters, etc.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I): wherein R1 is hydroxy and the like; R2 is optionally substituted lower alkyl and the like; R3 is hydrogen atom and the like; R4 is optionally substituted arylene and the like; R5 is —C?C— and the like; R6 is optionally substituted naphtyl and the like its optically active substance, its prodrug, their pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or solvate thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a bis(diphenylvinyl)arene compound having a reactive functional group on phenyl group, represented by below formula (1), wherein, Ar is an arylene group and has one or more substituents; R1-R22 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, etc., and at least one of R1-R20 is a halogen atom, etc. The arene compound has sufficient solubility in an organic solvent and excellent reactivity.

Abstract: A novel norbornene derivative represented by a general formula (1m) shown below is provided. By conducting a ring opening polymerization of this norbornene derivative, or by performing a subsequent hydrogenation following the ring opening polymerization, a ring opening polymer or a hydrogenated product thereof with an excellent low birefringence can be obtained. [wherein, at least one of R1 to R4 is a group selected from the group consisting of groups represented by a general formula (1-1) shown below and groups represented by a general formula (1-2) shown below] [wherein, at least one of RA, RB and Z is a group represented by the formula —C(O)O—].

Abstract: An optically active compound containing 5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′-octahydro-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol of the general formula (1) as an asymmetric source, wherein n is an integer of 1 to 10, Y is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a phenyl group substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X is a single bond (—), —OOC— or —OCH2—, and each of A and B is a substituent formed by specifically combining rings selected from cyclohexane, benzene, pyrimidine, naphthalene, dioxane, etc.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing highly optically enriched &agr;-halo-esters comprises reacting acid halides with a cinchona alkaloid catalyst and a base to form intermediate ketenes. The ketenes are reacted with electrophilic halogenating reagents to produce &agr;-halo-esters with high enantiomeric excess. The base can be an inorganic salt. The thus-formed &agr;-halo-esters have utility in synthesizing other optically-pure materials.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of formula 1 from a compound of formula 2 the process comprising reacting in one step the compound of formula 2 with a compound of formula 3 wherein: X− is chlorine, bromine, iodine, methanesulfonate, or trifluoromethanesulfonate; R1 is hydroxy, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, CF3, or fluorine; Ar is phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, and furyl, each optionally mono- or disubstituted with one or two groups selected from C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or CF3; Y− is chlorine, bromine, iodine, methanesulfonate, or trifluoromethanesulfonate; and R is hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, O—N-succinimide, O—N-phthalimide, phenyloxy, nitrophenyloxy, fluorophenyloxy, pentafluorophenyloxy, vinyloxy, 2-allyloxy, —S-methyl, —S-ethyl, or —S-phenyl.

Abstract: A chiral swallow-tailed liquid crystal is provided. The present chiral swallow-tailed liquid crystal is synthesized from a chiral material. The present chiral swallow-tailed liquid crystal is composed of the compound of (N,N′-diethyl (s)-2-{6-[4-(4′-alkoxyphenyl)benzoyloxy]-2-naphthyl}propanamide or the compound of (N,N′-dipropyl(s)-2-{6-[4-(4′-alkoxyphenyl)benzoyloxy]-2-naphthyl}propanamide. The chiral center of the present chiral compound is directly linked to its rigid core, and the chiral tail of this compound is linked with a swallow-tailed group. The chiral center and swallow-tailed group are arranged at the same side in the molecular structure. This structural characteristic enables the chiral compound to have the same property of thresholdless antiferroelectricity, and the advantage of simple manufacturing process. The present chiral compound shows an optimum application effect in liquid crystal displays.

Abstract: An optically active compound of the following general formula (1) useful as a chiral dopant, and use thereof, wherein each of X and Y is independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R is (C2H5)2CHCH2C*H(CH3)— or Ph—C*H(CH3)—, A is —Ph(W)—COO—Ph—, —Ph—Ph—COO—, —Cy—COO—Ph—, —Ph(W)—OOC—Ph—COO—, —Ph(W)—OOC—Cy—COO—, —Ph(W)—OOC—Np—COO— or —Np—OOC—, in which Ph— is a phenyl group, —Ph— is a 1,4-phenylene group, —Ph(W)— is —Ph— or monofluoro substituted —Ph—, Cy— is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group and —Np— is a 2,6-naphthylene group, and C* is an asymmetric carbon.

Abstract: A novel achiral biaryl-type compound and a circular dichroism (CD) color fixing agent are provided. Furthermore, a method for determining an absolute configuration of a chiral compound is carried out by introducing the above achiral biaryl-type compound into the chiral compound.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline compound having a novel structure and a process for producing the same are provided. The liquid crystalline compound is represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a straight-chain, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and may be attached directly to the aromatic ring without through X1 or X2; R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a fluorine atom, or a methyl group; and X1 and X2 each independently represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —N═CH—, —CONH—, —NH—, —NHCO—, or —CH2— group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel naphthalene derivatives of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3 and X are as defined in the description, and preparation thereof. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for synthesizing organic compounds of general formula (I): 1

Abstract: An optically active compound of the general formula (1) useful as a chiral dopant, and use thereof for a liquid crystal composition, the above optically active compound having a remarkably large helical twisting power (HTP) of as large as 50 or more and having a property that the helical pitch induced decreases in length with an increase in temperature, so that the optically active compound has an excellent value as a chiral dopant for a nematic liquid crystal.

Abstract: An optically active compound of the general formula (1) useful as a chiral dopant, and use thereof for a liquid crystal composition, 1

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided modified forms of nonsteroidal anti-inflamamatory drugs (NSAIDs). Modified NSAIDs according to the invention provide a new class of anti-inflammatory agent which provide the therapeutic benefits of NSAIDs while causing a much lower incidence of side-effects then typically observed with such agents.

Abstract: Process of treatment of mammals, including humans to treat diseases or conditions of the type which are normally treated with retinoid-like compounds is disclosed, with pharmaceutical compositions containing an active compound which is a selective agonist of the RXR retinoid receptor sites in preference to the RAR retinoid receptor sites. A compound is defined to be a selective agonist of the RXR receptor site if the compound is at least approximately ten times more effective as an agonist in the RXR receptor sites than in the RAR receptor sites.

Abstract: A process for preparing malonic diesters by carbonylation of haloacetic esters and reaction with monohydric alcohols and a base in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, preferably a catalytic cobalt carbonyl complex, using a stirred reactor with one or more internal heat exchangers. The stirred reactor preferably contains a sparging stirrer.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula wherein R1 is a residue of the formula and R2-R10 have the significance given in the specification can be used as pharmaceuticals, particularly for the repair of photodamaged skin, other dermatological conditions, and oncological indications.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions, and methods for modulating processes mediated by Retinoid X Receptors using retinoid-like compounds which have activity selective for members of the subclass of Retinoid X Receptors (RXRs), in preference to members of the subclass of Retinoic Acid Receptors (RARs). Examples of such compounds are bicyclic benzyl, pyridinyl, thiophene, furanyl, pyrrole, and polyenoic acid derivatives including carbocyclic polyenoic acids. The disclosed methods employ compounds for modulating processes selectively mediated by Retinoid X Receptors.

Abstract: Improved synthesis of seco(−)CBI (5-hydroxy-3-amino-1-[S]-(chloromethyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-benz(e)indole): and improved syntheses therefrom of a wide variety of CC-1065 analogs that comprise a cyclopropabenzidole (CBI) alkylating moiety, and which are collectively DC1 and its derivatives, for the synthesis of cell-targeted therapeutic agents.

Abstract: The objective of this invention is to provide fluorescent compounds comprising a naphthalene skeleton, an electron donating group substituted at the 2- or 1-position of the naphthalene skeleton, and an electron attractive group substituted at the 6- or 4-position of the skeleton. The fluorescent compound of this invention is capable of emitting visible light having a desired color by choosing an appropriate combination of the electron donating group A, which has an electron-pushing function, and the electron attractive group B, which has an electron-pulling function.

Abstract: The synthesis of dimethyl-1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylate and polymers and articles formed therefrom is disclosed, as well as applications for dimethyl-1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylate, its corresponding acid 1,5-NDA, and various synthesis intermediates.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid tertiary alkyl ester (Chemical formula 1) of high purity is obtained at a high yield ratio, by continually adding an esterification agent possessing a monovalent acid group, which agent is ester-interchangeable with a tertiary alcohol, to a mixed fluid of a carboxylic acid and a tertiary alcohol: R1(COOR2)n.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a carboxylic acid ester of the general formula II, wherein R is alkyl or aryl, R1 is aryl, substituted aryl, naphthyl or substituted naphthyl or alkyl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or alkyl by reacting an olefin of the general formula I wherein, R1 is aryl, substituted aryl, naphthyl or substituted naphthyl or alkyl, R2, R3, and R4 are independently hydrogen or alkyl, in the presence of an alcohol and an organic solvent and a supported aqueous phase palladium complex catalyst, in presence or absence of a protonic acid and an alkali metal halide, under carbon monoxide atmosphere, cooling the reaction mixture to ambient temperature, depressurising the reactor, flushing the reaction vessel with inert gas, separating the catalyst by filtration and removing the solvent and isolating the compound of formula II.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a carboxylic acid ester of the general formula II, 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to aminomethylcarboxylic acid derivatives general formula (I), wherein Z is (CH2)n, O, S, SO, SO2 or N—R5; n is 0, 1 or 2; X represents 1-3 substituents independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C1-6)alkyloxy, (C3-6)cycloalkyloxy, (C6-12)aryloxy, (C6-12)aryl, thienyl, SR6, SOR6, SO2R6, NR6R6, NHR6, NH2, NHCOR6, NSO2R6, CN, COOR6 and (C1-4)alkyl, optionally substituted with halogen, (C6-12)aryl, (C1-6)alkyloxy or (C6-12)aryloxy; or 2 substituents at adjacent positions together represent a fused (C5-6)aryl group, a fused (C5-6)cycloalkyl ring or O—(CH2)m—O; m is 1 or 2; Y represents 1-3 substituents independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C1-4)alkyloxy, SR6, NR6R6 and (C1-4)alkyl, optionally substituted with halogen; R1 is COOR7 or CONR8R9; R2 and R6 are (C1-4)alkyl; R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or (C1-4)alkyl; R7, R8 and R9 are independently hydrogen, (C1-4)alkyl, (C6-12)aryl or arylalkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Inhibitors of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 enzymes are provided which are of use in controlling a wide variety of inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: A process of synthesizing a compound of the formula 1: is disclosed, which comprises reacting a compound of the formula 2: with diphenylphosphine in the presence of an amine base and a nickel catalyst to produce a compound of formula 1.

Abstract: The invention provides a chain diene compound with desirable regioselectivity, in the presence of a specific ruthenium compound. This chain diene compound is a promising raw material for terpene. It has a structure represented by the general formula (I): wherein R1 represents H, a C1-C6 alkyl group which may be substituted or a C2-C6 alkenyl group which may be substituted, R2 represents a phenyl group which may have a C1-C4 alkyl group or a C1-C12 acyloxy group which may have a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, or a benzyl group or R2 is a hydroxy group which reversibly forms an aldehyde group through shifting of the position of the double bond adjacent to said hydroxy group. The chain diene compound is produced by reacting 2-substituted-1,3-butadienes with terminal olefins in the presence of a ruthenium compound in a hydrophilic solvent.

Abstract: Retinoid antagonist compounds have been found to be useful in the prevention and/or minimization of surgical adhesion formation. Also provided by the invention are certain novel substituted (5,6)-dihydronaphthalenyl compounds which are retinoid antagonists and possess the above-mentioned property in addition to their use as antiinflammatory agents for chronic skin inflammatory diseases, as agents for the treatment of rheumatic diseases and as agents for the treatment of various tumors as well as non-malignant proliferative skin conditions.

Abstract: Novel pharmaceutically/cosmetically-active aromatic polyenic compounds have the structural formula (I): and are useful for the treatment of a wide variety of disease states, whether human or veterinary, for example dermatological, rheumatic, respiratory, cardiovascular, bone and ophthalmological disorders, as well as for the treatment of mammalian skin and hair conditions/disorders.