Abstract: Substituted .alpha.-halogenopropionic acids and their derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.3, Y and X have the meanings given in the description, are prepared by a process which is characterized in that substituted vinylidene chlorides of the general formula ##STR2## are reacted with chlorine or bromine chloride in the presence of compounds of the formulaR.sup.5 --SO.sub.3 R.sup.6 (III)wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 have the meaning given in the description, and the products obtained are treated, if appropriate, with water or alcohol. Certain of the substituted .alpha.-halogeno-propionic acids and the substituted vinylidene chloride of the formula ##STR3## are new. The end products are useful as herbicides and intermediates for insecticides.

Abstract: Substituted 2-[1-(oxyamino)alkylidene]-cyclohexane-1,3-diones have herbicidal activity against grassy weeds.

Abstract: Optically active methyl esters of arylpropionic acids are prepared by reaction of the corresponding vinylaromatic compounds with carbon monoxide and methyl alcohol in the presence of a palladium catalyst system consisting of a palladium compound associated with optically active diphenyl-neomenthylphosphine and with trifluoroacetic acid, at substantially atmospheric pressure and at a temperature comprised between 20.degree. and 80.degree. C. There is dealt with particular regioselective and enantioselective catalysis conditions.The products obtained consist of esters of arylpropionic acids or of the corresponding acids obtainable from them, and are useful intermediates in the synthesis of organic compounds, particularly of pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: A process for producing an .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid ester represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Ar represents an aryl group which may optionally be substituted, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently from each other, represent a lower alkyl group,which comprises reacting a Grignard reagent prepared from an aryl halide of the general formulaAr--X.sup.1 (II)wherein Ar is as defined above and X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom,and magnesium, with an .alpha.-haloalkanoic acid ester of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above, and X.sup.2 represents a halogen atom,said reaction of the Grignard reagent with the .alpha.-haloalkanoic acid ester of general formula (III) being carried out in the presence of a nickel compound.

Abstract: A novel and effective catalyst system is provided for application in the preparation of alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids by transesterification reaction. The catalyst system consists of a palladium compound as the main ingredient and a cocatalyst formed of an alkali metal compound and a copper compound, at least one of which is a halide. The catalyst ingredients are adsorbed on a solid catalyst carrier, so that repeated use of the combined catalyst or a continuous operation of the reaction can easily be facilitated.

Abstract: Improvement in the process of producing carboxylic acid esters or salts involving contacting a halogen alkyl compound with carbon monoxide and a basic substance in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst for carbonylation of the halogen alkyl and production of the corresponding ester or salt of the basic substance. The improvement involves performing the contacting in a reaction vessel, circulating a liquid mass of the halogen alkyl, basic substance and carbonylation catalyst through the vessel and maintaining a carbon monoxide atmosphere in the vessel, injecting the circulating liquid mass into the vessel with a nozzle to spray the liquid mass into the vessel and intimately mixing the liquid mass with carbon monoxide in the nozzle for injection of carbon monoxide into the vessel with the sprayed liquid mass.

Abstract: Arylacetic acids and their esters, of the formula Ar(CH.sub.2 -COOR).sub.n (where Ar=aryl, R is H or a hydrocarbon radical, and n is 1 or 2) are manufactured by carbonylation of halomethylaryl compounds Ar(CH.sub.2 C).sub.n (where X is Cl, Br or I) with carbon monoxide and a catalyst m.sup.+ ?Fe(O).sub.3 NO!.sup.- (where M is an alkali metal, ammonium or one equivalent of an alkaline earth metal) in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of an inorganic base or of an alcoholate of an alcohol ROH.

Abstract: 2-Aryl-1, 3-cyclohexanedione enol ester compounds exhibit outstanding miticidal,mite ovicidal and herbicidal activity.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are monomeric compounds and methods of preparing these compounds which have the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R and R' are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halide and alkyl;Ar and Ar' are independently arylene;X is selected from the group consisting of NHSO.sub.2 R.sup.2, CH.sub.2 NHSO.sub.2 R.sup.2 and SO.sub.2 NHR.sup.2 andR.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl and aralkyl.These monomers are homopolymerized or copolymerized with one or more other monomers to yield polymers having desirable solubility characteristics. A particular use for the polymers is in relief image materials or as binders in photographic layers.

Abstract: Alkyl esters, such as ethyl acetate, are prepared by contacting the corresponding next lower carbon number alkyl ester, such as methyl acetate, with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of an iodine or iodide-free catalyst composition comprising a ruthenium-containing compound, a cobalt containing compound and a quaternary phosphonium salt or base, and heating the mixture to an elevated temperature and pressure for sufficient time to produce the desired higher alkyl ester, and then recovering the same from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: 7-arylhept-5-ynoic acids and derivatives thereof are anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory agents. As such, they are useful in the treatment of allergy-caused diseases, particularly chronic obstructive lung diseases.

Abstract: A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of cardiac disorders in a mammal, comprising administering to such mammal a short-acting .beta.-blocking compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is an ester-containing group; R may be lower alkyl, aralkyl or an ester-containing group; R.sub.1 may be lower alkyl; and Ar may be substituted or unsubstituted aromatic; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Novel compounds possessing short acting .beta.-adrenergic blocking activity are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel bicyclooctane derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl, X is ethylene or vinylene, and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are independently hydrogen or a hydroxyl-protecting group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen. Said compound and pharmaceutically acceptable salt are chemically stable, have platelet anti-aggregation activity without undesirable pharmacological actions and exhibit the duration of high biological activity.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement in the process for making an aromatic carboxylic acid or its methyl ester from an aromatic compound having at least one methyl or formyl group bonded directly to a nuclear carbon atom of the aromatic ring. The process comprises effecting oxidation of said compound in the liquid phase with molecular oxygen or a gas containing the same with a catalyst comprising a heavy metal compound, and in the substantial absence of an aliphatic carboxylic acid as a solvent, whereby a reaction mixture comprising the acid is formed. If the ester is desired, the acid then is esterified with methanol. The improvement comprises carrying out the oxidation in the co-presence of a lithium compound at a concentration of 0.1-10 moles per mole of heavy metal compound. The lithium compound is at least partly soluble in the reaction mixture or reacts with an acid component of the reaction mixture to form a lithium compound soluble in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A novel 3-endo-protected hydroxyl-tricyclo[3,2,0,0.sup.2,7 ]heptan-6-one is described which can be alkylated stereospecifically to give a 5-endo-protected hydroxyl-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptan-2-one which may then be converted via a sequence of reactions into prostaglandins of the F-series having a protecting group at the 9-position. The synthesis of the tricyclo[3,2,0,0.sup.2,7 ]heptan-6-one is also described.

Abstract: New quinone derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is methyl or methoxy, or two of R.sup.1 combine to represent --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--, R is amino which may be substituted or --OR.sup.4 wherein R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or --CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --.sub.m H (wherein m is an integer of 1 to 10), and n is an integer of 1 to 10 when R is amino which may be substituted, or n is an integer of 2 to 10 when R is --OR.sup.4, and their hydroquinone forms, have useful physiological activities such as blood-pressure decreasing and antiallergic activities.

Abstract: Novel phenyl and naphthyl esters of 2-(1-oxo-alkoxy)ethyl carbamic acids are prepared. The compounds are useful as pharmacological and agricultural agents.

Abstract: The present invention concerns tetraethylene glycol monoesters with 2-arylpropionic acids (known as anti-inflammatory agents). Said esters, while being endowed with the characteristics of low toxicity and gastric injuring effects shown by the related acids, differ advantageously from the latter because their anti-inflammatory activity is much more prolonged, and their bioavailability markedly better.

Abstract: The invention relates to an esterification process employing as a heterogeneous catalyst an inorganic oxide, e.g. silica, to which there is bonded by reaction with surface hydroxyl groups a sulphonic acid-functionalized silane.

Abstract: The present invention concerns diesters of polyethylene glycols (with n ranging between 4 approximately and 100 approximately) with 2-arylpropionic acids (known as anti-inflammatory agents). These esters, while possessing all the characteristics of low toxicity and gastric injuring effects shown by the related acids, differ advantageously from the latter because their anti-inflammatory activity is much more prolonged, and their bio-availability markedly better.

Abstract: This invention relates to 1-naphthyl-acetic acid derivatives having the general formula: ##STR1## in which: R.sub.1 is hydrogen atom or a straight- or branched-chain C.sub.1-6 alkyl group,R.sub.2 is a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms,R.sub.3 is a hydroxy group, a C.sub.1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkoxy group, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.Said compounds have anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities and are free from ulcerogenic activity under the administration conditions.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid ester, such as methyl propionate, is prepared by carbonylation of an olefin, such as ethylene in the presence of an alcohol by the use of a molybdenum-nickel or tungsten-nickel co-catalyst in the presence of a promoter comprising an organo-phosphorus compound or an organo-nitrogen compound wherein the phosphorus and nitrogen are trivalent and in the presence of a halide.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different groups selected from hydrogen or acyl orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together may represent an acetal group, andX and Y are the same or different groups selected from hydroxy, an etherified hydroxy and an esterified hydroxy group,having valuable lipid lowering, anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulating properties.

Abstract: New halogenated ester derivatives and liquid crystal compositions containing the same are provided. The derivatives are expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein X is ##STR2## R is 1-15C alkyl group or alkoxy group; and Y is carboxyl group. The derivatives are useful as component(s) of liquid crystal compositions which have higher mesomorphic temperature ranges, nevertheless have lower viscosities; and also have lower absolute values of dielectric anisotropy, nevertheless can be driven at lower voltages.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which Z, Z.sub.1, R, m and p are as defined in patent claim 1, can be obtained in a simple and economical manner by a novel process wherein a halide of the formula II ##STR2## is reacted with a substituted or unsubstituted vinylbenzene or vinylnaphthalene derivative in the presence of a base and of certain palladium catalysts, such as palladium acetate. The compounds (I) or functional derivatives preparable therefrom are useful, for example, for the preparation of known dyes or fluorescent brighteners, or can be used directly as fluorescent brighteners or as scintillators.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which p, m, Z, R, R' and Y are as defined in claim 1, can be obtained in a simple and economical manner by a novel process which comprises reacting a halide of the formula ##STR2## with the corresponding acrylic acid derivative, in the presence of a base and of certain palladium catalysts, such as palladium acetate. The compounds (I), and functional derivatives prepared therefrom, are useful for the preparation of photocrosslinkable polymers, which can in particular be employed as (so-called) photoresists.

Abstract: This invention is directed to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthyl or indanyl stilbene derivatives which are useful as tumor inhibiting agents, in the treatment of neoplasms, dermatological conditions and rheumatic illnesses.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with improving ethylene glycol ester production from the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a homogeneous liquid phase mixture containing a ruthenium carbonyl complex catalyst and acyl compound by maintaining the combined concentration of methyl ester, ethylene glycol ester and water in the reaction medium at less than about 30 volume percent. In a preferred embodiment, a continuous process is operated in such a manner that the methyl ester, ethylene glycol ester and water products are removed from the reactor so as to maintain their total volume concentration in the reaction medium at less than about 30 percent.

Abstract: Isovaleric acid derivatives having the formula ##STR1## wherein typical representations of X is halophenyl, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or cyano, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and Y is halophenyl. These derivatives possess insecticidal and acaricidal properties. The process for their preparation is described.

Abstract: The process for the manufacture of but-2-en-1-ol compounds by isomerizing but-3-en-1-ol compounds in the presence of a palladium catalyst and of hydrogen is improved by modifying the palladium catalyst with selenium or tellurium.The but-2-en-1-ols manufactured according to the invention are either solvents or valuable starting materials for the manufacture of solvents, dyes, surface coatings, paints and pesticides.

Abstract: Benzyl esters of the formula ##STR1## in which n is 1,2,3,4, or 5,R.sup.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, cyano or ethynyl,R.sup.3 is the radical of a carboxylic acid customary in pyrethroids or pyrethroid-like compounds, andat least one R.sup.1 is fluoroalkoxy or fluoroalkylmercapto, or two together are fluoromethylene- or fluoroethylene-dioxy, and the others, if present, are hydrogen or various radicals,which possess arthropodicidal properties. Various alcohols, amines, aldehydes, halides, and the like, corresponding to the alcohol moieties of the esters are also synthesized.

Abstract: Naphthalenecarboxylic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a lower alkynyl group, a process for their preparation, pesticidal compositions containing one or more of these compounds as the active ingredient and methods for using the pesticide compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: Phosphonic acids are suitable catalysts for the transesterification of alkyl esters of carboxylic acids with aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diols containing more than 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel pesticidal esters of the pyrethrin or pyrethroid type in which the methylene group bonded to the ester carbonyl and/or ester oxygen bears a fluorine substituent. The compounds of the invention are active against insect pests including flies, moths, aphids and beetles and acarina pests including ticks.

Abstract: New compounds are described that fall within the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, or a lower alkyl group, or one of the following groups:(a) 3-phenoxybenzyl(b) 2-benzyl-4-furylmethyl(c) .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(d) 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl(e) .alpha.-ethynyl-3-phenoxybenzyl(f) .alpha.-cyano-3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-benzyland A is one of the groups X or Y ##STR2## wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are the same or different groups and each is hydrogen or fluoro, chloro, bromo or methyl group, with the proviso that if X.sup.1 or X.sup.3 is a fluoro group then X.sup.2 or X.sup.4 should not be a bromo group; and wherein Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, Y.sup.4, Y.sup.5 and Y.sup.6 are the same or different groups and each is hydrogen or a fluoro, bromo, chloro or methyl group.Processes of making the compounds are described. The compounds in which R.sup.3 is one of groups (a) to (f) are insecticides and insecticidal methods and compositions containing them are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process and novel intermediates useful in the preparation of sympathomimetic amines. The pharmacologically useful final products, which are acyl derivatives of mono- and dihydroxy aromatic amines (e.g., catechol amines) can be prepared in optically active or racemic form by reacting the corresponding mono- or dihydroxy aromatic amine with a reagent capable of forming the N-tert-butoxycarbonyl derivative thereof; reacting the novel intermediate thus obtained with an acyloxymethyl chloride to afford the corresponding novel mono- or diacylated N-protected aromatic amine; and removing the N-protecting group therefrom.

Abstract: Esterification of phenolic compounds which comprises reacting a phenolic compound and a carboxylic acid using a catalyst consisting essentially of an alkali metal compound and a boron compound wherein said alkali metal compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts of boric acid, alkali metal polyborates, alkali metal hydroxides, and alkali metal borohydrides and said boron compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of boric acid, boric anhydride, alkali metal polyborates, alkali metal salts of boric acid and alkali metal borohydrides.

Abstract: Chromium (III) catalysis of the reaction between ethylene oxides (ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide) and aromatic carboxylic acids at temperatures in the range from 50.degree. to 180.degree. C. are rapid but produce excessive amounts of diglycol ether ester (2-hydroxyethoxyethanol or 2-hydroxy-2-methylethoxy 2-methylethanol) which is present as the diglycol ether ester of the aromatic carboxylic acid and is a contaminent hard to remove from the desired 2-hydroxyethyl ester of the aromatic carboxylic acid. The use of an amine, in such ethylene oxide reaction with aromatic carboxylic acid suppresses the formation of diglycol ether and increases the conversion of aromatic carboxylic acid to the desired 2-hydroxyethyl ester thereof.

Abstract: Esters and thiolesters of .alpha.-substituted unsaturated acids, intermediates therefor, synthesis thereof, and the use of said esters and thiolesters and compositions thereof for the control of pests.

Abstract: Substituted acetate compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## which are useful as pesticides and pesticidal composition containing the substituted acetate compounds as active ingredients, as well as processes for preparing the compounds and the compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: Terminally unsaturated liquid epihalohydrin polymers are produced by polymerizing at least one epihalohydrin using acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as a modifier. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The polymers are useful as tougheners for unsaturated polyester resin systems.

Abstract: Acenaphthenes of formula (I) ##STR1## where Ph represents an optionally substituted phenyl group and wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl are useful anti-inflammatory agents.

Abstract: A process for esterifying terminal hydroxyl groups of a polyoxyalkylene compound comprising one or more ring opened tert.-butyl or tert.-amyl glycidyl ether groups, without removing a significant portion of these tert.-alkyl ether groups. The process is conducted by contacting the polyoxyalkylene compound with an organic, carboxylic acid or anhydride in the liquid phase, in the presence of a small but catalytically effective amount of a Lewis base.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved method for the catalyzed condensation of aldehydes in the liquid phase to form 1,3-glycol monoesters utilizing tin metal or a tin oxide catalyst. Condensation can be visualized as an aldol condensation followed by a Tischenko reaction between the aldol and a third molecule of aldehyde. In its simplest form the condensation can be illustrated by the following general formula ##STR1## R or R.sup.1 =Hydrogen or alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms or aromatic groups. R and R.sup.1 can also be part of a cyclic system.

Abstract: This invention relates to phosphorus containing compounds which are useful as herbicides.Additionally, they demonstrate tolerance towards desired crops, e.g., cotton, soybeans and sugarbeets.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid anhydrides are contacted with hydrogen in the presence of an insoluble metal hydrogenation catalyst and strong protonic acid to produce 1,1-diesters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to derivatives of 4-cyclohexyl-1-naphthalene-acetic acid of formula ##STR1## wherein R is a lower alkyl group and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof the invention also relates to pharmaceutic compositions containing such derivatives.These derivatives are useful as drugs, notably for the treatment of inflammatory syndromes.

Abstract: Benzyl esters and thiolesters of 4-aryl-3-butenoic acids, intermediates therefor, synthesis thereof, and the use of said esters and thiolesters for the control of pests.

Abstract: Isovaleric acid ester derivatives, process for producing thereof, and insecticides containing said derivatives of the general formula I: ##STR1## wherein A represents O, NH, or CH.sub.2,R.sub.1 represents, if A is O or NH, an alkyl, an alkenyl, a haloalkyl and a haloalkenyl radical with 2-6 carbon atoms, and a radical selected from those of the general formulae II, III, IV and V: ##STR2## in which n is an integer of 1-3, R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, methyl group or chlorine atom; andif A is CH.sub.2, R.sub.1 represents an alkyl, an alkenyl, a haloalkyl and a haloalkenyl radical with 1-5 carbon atoms, whileR.sub.1 --A represents a naphthyl group bonding to the main chain at the .beta.-position, andR.sub.2 represents hydrogen or a cyano group.

Abstract: Terminally unsaturated liquid epihalohydrin polymers are produced by polymerizing at least one epihalohydrin using acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as a modifier. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The polymers are useful as tougheners for unsaturated polyester resin systems.