Abstract: Certain N-acetonylbenzamides exhibit low toxicity to plants are particularly useful for control of fungi, especially Phycomycetes.

Abstract: 7-Fluoroprostaglandins represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## In the formula (I), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen atoms or the same or different protective groups, respectively, and R.sup.5 is a straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Intermediate compounds of the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.60 is hydrogen; halogen; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; or R.sup.a SO.sub.n -- wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or difluoromethyl; or trifluoromethoxy or difluoromethoxy; R.sup.61 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.62 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.61 and R.sup.62 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene; R.sup.63 C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.64 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.63 R.sup.64 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene; R.sup.65 and R.sup.66 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n --wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (b) C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Cyclohexenone derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## where R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkoxyalkyl, R.sup.1 is hydrogen, tetrahydropyran-2-yl, benzoyl or unsubstituted or halo-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkanoyl, and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, and phytophysiologically tolerable salts thereof, and their use for regulating plant growth.

Abstract: The compounds of formula I, ##STR1## where the substituents have various significances, and physiologically acceptable hydrolyzable derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in the 2 position of the 3-aminopropoxy side chain in esterifield form, are useful as cardioselective .beta.-adrenoceptor blocking agents.

Abstract: Novel esters and polyesters are prepared by reacting cyclopentadienylethanol, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dicyclopentadiene, or mixtures of the two with monobasic acid esters and dibasic acid diesters. These esters and polyesters are characterized by a reversible cross-linking mechanism and have utility as superior coatings and adhesives. High molecular weight, cross-linked polymers are also prepared in the present invention by reacting cyclopentadienylethanol with a polyolefin wax having an ester, acid or anhydride functional group.

Abstract: Intermediate compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is oxy, thio, sulfinyl or sulfonyl; R is halogen; C.sub.1 C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; trifluoromethoxy; difluoromethoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; R.sup.a SO.sub.n -- wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; trifluoromethyl or difluoromethyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or phenyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene; R.sup.3 hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.4 alkyl, or phenyl with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are not both phenyl; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, or phenyl; R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.

Abstract: Novel asymmetric thioethers of the formula ##STR1## in which the general symbols have the following meanings: a is an integer of from 1 to 7,R.sup.o represents hydrogen or C.sub.1-7 -alkanoyl,R.sup.1 represents C.sub.1-3 -alkyl which may be substituted at the terminal carbon atom by a free or acylated hydroxy group, by a halogen atom having an atomic number of at most 17, or by methoxy, or represents C.sub.1-3 -perfluoroalkyl,R.sup.2 represents an optionally unsaturated aliphatic radical having from 5 to 15 carbon atoms,A represents ethylene or alternatively, if R.sup.1 represents a halogenated radical and/or B represents phenylene or ethylene, a single bond or vinylene,B represents a single bond, ethynylene or phenylene,R.sup.3 represents hydroxy, C.sub.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is .beta.-D-glucopyranosyl, .beta.-D-galactopyranosyl, 6'-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-glucopyranosy or 6'-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-galactopyranosyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, has bronchodilator, cardiac activity, smooth muscle relaxant activity and hormone excretion stimulant activity. It can be produced by culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Nodulisporium and adapted to produce the compound in a culture medium, and isolating the produced compound from the cultured medium. The microorganism can be Nodulisporium sp. M5220 FERM P-8133. The compounds have inhibitory activity on cyclic-adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase.

Abstract: A process for producing an ester is disclosed comprising contacting a gaseous reactant containing at least one organic hydroxy compound and a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with an ester synthesis catalyst of the formulaM.sub.a A.sub.b RuCu.sub.c N.sub.z O.sub.xwhereinM is selected from the group consisting of Ce, Cr, Fe, Mn and mixtures thereof,A is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or mixture thereof,a is from 0 to about 1,b is from 0.002 to about 10,c is from 0.2 to about 20,z is from 0 to about 196 by weight,x is the number of oxygens needed to fulfill the valence requirements of the other elements.The organic hydroxy compound can be provided separately or formed by contacting a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with an alcohol synthesis catalyst at an elevated temperature and pressure. The alcohol synthesis catalyst and ester synthesis catalyst can be in tandem or mixed.

Abstract: Novel derivatives of cyclic and acyclic terpenoid alcohols, having general formula (I) X--(CO).sub.n --O--T.sub.1, where n=O or l, T.sub.1 is a terpenoid group and X is a combination of cyclic groups, e.g. phenyl, cyclohexyl and pyrimidyl, X preferably contains up to three cyclic groups. Preferred derivatives are esters of cyclic terpenoid alcohols, e.g. menthol, borneol and isopineocampheol, e.g. formula (II) (-)-menthol. Ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal mixtures and devices containing these derivatives as chiral dopants in a tilted smectic host are also described. The properties of various other derivatives of terpenoid alcohols of formula (I) are also described, e.g. those of neomenthol, isolongifolol, fenchol, carveol, myrthenol, nopol, citronellol, perilla alcohol and dihydrocitronellol.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen; halogen; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; or R.sup.a SO.sub.m -- wherein m is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl;R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are methyl or ethyl;R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n -- wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (b) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituted with halogen or cyano; (c) phenyl; or (d) benzyl; (10) --NR.sup.c R.sup.d wherein R.sup.c and R hu d independently are hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (11) R.sup.e C(O)-- wherein R.sup.e is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; or (12) --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.c R.sup.d wherein R.sup.c and R.sup.d are as defined; and (13) --N(R.sup.c)C(O)R.sup.d wherein R.sup.c and R.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of an ester or an amide from an anhydride with an alcohol or an amine, wherein the anhydride is first prepared by reacting an acid and an alkyl chloroformate in a 100% aqueous medium, that is, 100% water.

Abstract: Liquid crystal phases containing at least one optically active compound of the formula IR.sup.1 --X.sup.1 --CHR.sup.o (CH.sub.2).sub.p X.sup.2 --R.sup.2 Iwherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 independently of one another are each --CO--O-- or --O--CO--, one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 may also be --O--, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each a group --(A.sup.1 --Z).sub.m --(A.sup.2).sub.n -Y, whereinA.sup.1 and A.sup.2 in each case independently of one another are a 1,4-phenylene, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyrazine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl or 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene group, it also being possible for this to be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, CN and/or alkyl groups with up to 12 C atoms, and it being possible for 1 or 2 non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups in the alkyl groups to be replaced by O atoms,Z is --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --CH.dbd.N--, --N.dbd.CH--, --N.dbd.N--, --N(O).

Abstract: Polyhalohydroxyisopropyl phenylalkanoic and phenylalkenoic acids, amides, and esters, such as methyl 2-methoxy-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]benzenepro panoate, are useful as antihypertensive agents.

Abstract: New anisotropic compounds of the formula (1) are useful in liquid crystal mixtures for electrooptical displays; at least one of the end groups of the compounds (1) is an alkyl group which carries cyano or halogen in a terminal or non-terminal position. This offers advantages for longitudinal polarization and/or cross-polarization of the anisotropic compounds with the aid of the comparatively highly polarizing cyano or halogen substituents, in particular high clear points, low .DELTA..epsilon./.epsilon..perp. values and/or negative .DELTA..epsilon. values.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.2 is a single covalent bond or --COO--; X.sup.1 is a single covalent bond, --COO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or when X.sup.2 is --COO--, X.sup.1 also can be p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --, p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4, p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --COO-- or --COO--p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 ; ring A is a benzene ring or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene; ring B is a benzene ring or when X.sup.2 is --COO-- and X.sup.1 is a single covalent bond, --COO-- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, ring B also can be trans-1,4-cyclohexylene; Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 individually are hydrogen or when positioned on a benzene ring which is not linked directly with a further ring via a single covalent bond, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 also can be halogen, cyano or methyl; Y.sup.2 is cyano, nitro, 2,2-dicyanovinyl or when Y.sup.1 is hydrogen Y.sup.2 also can be 2,2-dicyano-1-methylvinyl; Y.sup.1 is halogen, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl or, when X.sup.

Abstract: 7-Fluoroprostaglandins represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## In the formula (I), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen atoms or the same or different protective groups, respectively, and R.sup.5 is a straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Pesticidally active compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an organic radical,R.sup.2 is hydrogen, trialkylsilyl, a hydrocarbon or acyl radical, andR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently are an amino, hydroxyl, hydroximino, alkoxy or like radical.Most of the compounds are new, as are various intermediates therefor.

Abstract: A novel ester compound exhibiting liquid crystal phases within a broad temperature range and having a low viscosity and a high compatibility with liquid crystal compounds, and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which ester compound is expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein X represents F or Cl; Y and Z each represent H, F or Cl and when either one of Y or Z is H, the other is F or Cl and further when X is Cl, Y and Z are not both Cl; --A-- represents a member selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## and R represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group each of 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A compound of formula I ##STR1## in which formula: R.sub.a represents hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, and R.sub.c represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group;R.sub.b represents a phenyl group, optionally substituted by a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group or halogen, a group of formula --CH.dbd.CR.sub.d R.sub.e in which R.sub.d and R.sub.e, which may be identical or different represent hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl groups or a group of formula --CH.dbd.NOR.sub.f in which R.sub.f represents hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group andRCOO represents a residue of an acid RCO.sub.2 H, which acid, or an ester-forming derivative of which acid, on reaction with .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol or an ester forming derivative thereof, gives rise to an .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ester having pesticidal properties.

Abstract: The optical resolution of an enantiomer mixture of oxycyclopentenone or a derivative thereof is conducted with a polysaccharide derivative.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or straight-chain alkyl; R.sup.2 is --CN, --R, --COR, --COOR or when R.sup.2 is positioned on an aromatic ring R.sup.2 also can be --OR, --OOCR or --F; R is alkyl; A is a group with 1 to 4 six-membered rings, these rings being linked directly with one another and with ring B in each case via a single covalent bond or being linked at one or two positions also via --COO--, --OOC-- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal compound useful as a component of liquid crystal compositions and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which compound is a phenoxypropanol ester derivative expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent an alkyl group or an alkoxy group each of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, F atom, Cl atom or CN group, but either one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the production of 1-alkoxyalkyl esters comprises reacting an unsaturated ester with an alcohol in the presence of a Lewis base containing catalyst. The Lewis base containing catalyst is preferably (i) an amidine, or (ii) a Lewis base and an epoxide or (iii) a trivalent organophosphorus compound in the presence of an activated alkene or alkyne. The process can be used to prepare, for example, 1-methoxyethyl acetate from vinyl acetate and methanol under mild conditions.

Abstract: Process for the co-production of carboxylic acids of the general formula R.sup.1 --COOH and R.sup.2 --COOH and carboxylic acid esters of the general formula R.sup.1 --COOCH.sub.2 R.sup.2 and R.sup.2 --COOCH.sub.2 R.sup.1 from carboxylic acid esters of the general formula R.sup.1 --COOR.sup.2 and/or ethers of the general formula R.sup.3 OR.sup.4 (R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 representing (substituted) alkyl or (substituted) aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl, R.sup.1 also representing H), carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a ruthenium compound, a further Group VIII metal compound, and a compound R.sup.5 Hal or R.sup.5 COHal where R.sup.5 has one of the meanings given for R.sup.2 and Hal is iodine or bromine, the reaction mixture being substantially free from other transistion metal or Group II metal iodides or bromides, and containing a trivalent nitrogen compound containing a group ##STR1## (X=O or S), such as an amide, a carbamate, a urea or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: Certain novel aryl sulfonyl fluorides, their preparation, and their use in inhibiting serine proteases with chymotrypsin-like and elastase-like specificity.

Abstract: A novel resolution method of a racemic mixture, wherein four kinds of salts are dissolved in a resolving solvent to fractionally crystallize a desired optically active isomer through an exchange reaction between counter ions.

Abstract: For the analytical and preparative separation of the optical isomers of optically active alkanolamines into their optically pure antipodes a new resolution method is presented which involves an ester formation of the alkanolamines with optically pure and symmetrically O,O disubstituted (R,R)- or (S,S)-tartaric acids. The derivitization reactions are carried out in aprotic solvents and the primary and secondary functions are blocked via ion-pair formations with strong acids, e.g. dichloroacetic acid. The tartaric acid anhydrides are predominantly used as reagents but other ester formation methods are also practicable. The mixture of the diastereomeric alkanolamine tartaric acid monoesters are separable into their optically active and pure isomers by various chromotographic separation techniques, e.g. straight or reverse phase LC, but also by extraction methods e.g. Soxhlet extraction.

Abstract: The present liquid crystal compounds are novel ester-type compounds showing a smectic liquid crystal phase and being capable of increasing a dielectric constant anisotropy, represented by the following general formula: R--X.sub.1 --Y.sub.1 --X.sub.2 --Y.sub.2 --NO.sub.2, wherein R is an alkyl group; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are the same or different from each other and are group --COO-- and --OOC--, and when X.sub.1 is group --COO--, ##STR1## The present liquid composition contains the novel compound, and the present liquid crystal display device uses the liquid crystal composition for utilizing the characteristics of the novel compound. Particularly, the present liquid crystal display device is a thermally addressed display device.

Abstract: Process for the co-production of carboxylic acids of the general formula R.sup.1 --COOH and R.sup.2 --COOH and carboxylic acid esters of the general formula R.sup.1 --COOCH.sub.2 R.sup.2 and R.sup.2 --COOCH.sub.2 R.sup.1 from carboxylic acid esters of the general formula R.sup.1 --COOR.sup.2 and/or ethers of the general formula R.sup.3 OR.sup.4 (R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 representing (substituted) alkyl or (substituted) aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl, R.sup.1 also representing H), carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a ruthenium compound, a further Group VIII metal compound, a phosphine oxide and a compound R.sup.5 Hal or R.sup.5 COHal where R.sup.5 has one of the meanings given for R.sup.2 and Hal is iodine or bromine, the reaction mixture being substantially free from other transition metal or Group II metal iodides or bromides, and containing a tertiary phosphine oxide.

Abstract: Novel cyclohexenonecarboxylic acid derivatives exhibit herbicidal and plant growth regulating activity.The cyclohexenonecarboxylic derivatives are of the formula I ##STR1## wherein A is an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol, or is an amino group which may be substituted by halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, nitro or cyano, or is a heterocyclic amino group which is unsubstituted or substituted,R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, each unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio,R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 haloalkenyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkynyl,B is an aliphatic or aromatic radical or is an aliphatic or aromatic carbonyl or sulfonyl group which may be substituted by halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, nitro or cyano.The compounds are suitable for selectively controlling grasses in crops of useful plants.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## having beta receptor blocking properties, are disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulaR.sup.1 --Q.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --(COO).sub.n --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --Q.sup.2 --R.sup.2whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-12 C atoms, F, Cl, Br, CN or --Q.sup.3 --R.sup.3, or one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can also be H;Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2 and Q.sup.3 are each independently 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1-4 fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms;R.sup.3 is alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-8 C atoms, H, F, Cl, Br or CN;m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; n is 0 or 1; and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the sum of (m+p) being 2, 4 or 6 and the sum of (m+n+p) being at least 3;but with the proviso that Q.sup.3 is unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene substituted by a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, only when n=1 or (m+p)=6 or at least one of R.sup.1 or R.sup.3 is F, Cl or Br or none of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is CN or two of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.

Abstract: Herbicidal trans-2-[(3-chloroallyloxyimino)alkyl]-5-(substitutedsulfinylalkyl)-cycloh exane-1,3-diones and derivatives thereof. The compounds can be prepared via oxidation of the corresponding 5-(substitutedthioalkyl) precursors. The compounds are especially useful as selective herbicides active against grassy weeds.

Abstract: Liquid crystalline mixtures containing compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n stands for the number 0 or 1; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 denote single covalent bonds or one of the symbols X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 also denotes --COO--, --OOC-- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; the rings A.sup.1, A.sup.2, and A.sup.3 represent 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or one of these rings also represents a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine ring or a trans-2,5-disubstituted m-dioxane ring; R.sup.1 signifies 4-alkenyl or on a cyclohexyl ring also 2Z-alkenyl; and R.sup.2 denotes alkyl, alkoxy, --CN or --NCS,as well as the manufacture of these compounds and the use for electro-optical purposes are described.

Abstract: New anisotropic compounds with a cross-polarizing substituent have the formula (1) ##STR1## The increase in .epsilon..perp. is achieved by the polarizing group X, preferably the cyano group or a halogen atom, which is not laterally on the ring, as with the known compounds, but is on the bridge, that is to say is part of the main bridge bonding rings A and B to one another. Ring A has the formula (1a) or (1b) given herein and is always cycloaliphatic, while ring B can be identical to ring A or is an aromatic ring of the formula (1c) or (1d) herein. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different end groups of the formula (1e) herein. The radical X on the bridge causes less widening of the molecule than a radical X on a ring, which provides comparatively higher clear points and moreover enables aromatic rings to be omitted from the anisotropic compounds.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid anhydrides are reacted with hydrogen to produce alkylidene diesters with high yield and with ratios of alkylidene diesters and co-product carboxylic acid near the theoretical by carrying out the reaction in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl.

Abstract: New hydroquinone ether compounds of formula I are described: ##STR1## wherein p is 1 or 2 and Q is 0 or 1, provided that p+q is 1 or 2, R is a residue of formula II ##STR2## and R.sub.o, R.sub.oo, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, Q, n and k are as defined in the specification,The new compounds are useful e.g. as stabilizers in photographic material.

Abstract: A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of cardiac disorders in a mammal, comprising administering to such mammal a short-acting .beta.-blocking compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is an ester-containing group; R may be lower alkyl, aralkyl or an ester-containing group; R.sub.1 may be lower alkyl; and Ar may be substituted or unsubstituted aromatic; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Novel compounds possessing short acting .beta.-adrenergic blocking activity are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel polyprenyl compounds have the general formula: ##STR1## represents a cis-isoprene unit, n is an integer of 11-19, Z.sup.1 is --CH.sub.2 OH or a functional precursor thereof, and either one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom and the other is --S(O).sub.m R.sup.3 in which m is an integer of 0 (zero), 1 or 2 and R.sup.3 is a phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl or thiazolinyl group or such group substituted with at least one lower alkyl and/or halogen substituent. The topic novel polyprenyl compounds can be synthesized from derivatives of the polyprenol which is obtainable from leaves of Ginkgo biloba or Cedrus deodara, among others, by extraction, if necessary followed by hydrolytic treatment. The novel polyprenyl compounds can be converted to mammalian dolichols or precursors thereof by reductive elimination of the --S(O).sub.m R.sup.3 group.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alpha-haloalkylesters, wherein an acylhalide having the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group and Hal represents chlorine or bromine is contacted with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalytic system comprising at least one Group VIII element.

Abstract: Novel ferroelectric liquid crystalline compounds having a superior stability and chiral, smectic liquid crystalline compositions containing at least one kind of the same are provided, which compounds are expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## represents 1,4-phenylene group ##STR3## or 1,4-trans-cyclohexane group ##STR4## R*, an optically active alkyl group; m=o, 1 or 2; n=1 or 2; X, a linear chain or branched alkyl group or alkoxy group, each having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; and when ##STR5## represents ##STR6## m=1; and n=1, X represents a linear chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a linear chain alkoxy group having 11 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Sparsomycin derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y are each independently an oxo or an imino group; n is 0 or the integer 1 or 2; R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or 1 to 4 carbon alkyl group; R.sub.2 is a hydrogen, a 1 to 4 carbon alkyl, a 2 to 5 carbon acyl or a benzoyl group; and R is a 1 to 6 carbon alkyl, 3 to 8 carbon alkenyl, cyanomethyl carboxymethyl, carbalkoxymethyl wherein the alkoxy moiety is a 1 to 4 carbon alkoxy group, nitromethyl, alkylcarbonylmethyl wherein the alkyl moiety is a 1 to 4 carbon alkyl group, pyridyl, furanyl, or furfuryl group or a phenyl or benzyl group optionally substituted by a methylenedioxy or one to two halogen, 1 to 4 carbon alkyl, 1 to 4 carbon alkoxy, 1 to 4 carbon alkylthio, hydroxy, nitro or cyano groups or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. Also described are their use as antiprotozoals and antibacterials.

Abstract: The present invention is characterized by a smectic liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from alkyl and alkoxy groups; X from ##STR2## m and n are natural numbers; and R* is an optically active group containing an asymmetric carbon atom, and a liquid crystal composition containing said compound as a component. This compound is excellent in optical stability and high-speed response.

Abstract: Insecticidally active novel substituted malonic acid diamide insecticides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents aryl or heteroaryl, each of which can optionally be substituted,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or trialkylsilyl, and represents alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, aralkyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylsulphenyl, arylsulphenyl, alkylsulphonyl, arylsulphonyl, alkylaminosulphonyl, dialkylaminosulphonyl, arylaminosulphonyl or arylalkylaminosulphonyl, each of which can optionally be substituted, and represents radicals of the formula--CO--NR.sup.5 R.sup.6whereinR.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently of one another represent hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylsulphonyl or arylsulphonyl, it being possible for these radicals to be optionally substituted,R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or the radical R.sup.4,R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: Novel 3-hydroxy-4-alkyloxyphenyl benzoates compounds particularly well suited as sweeteners in foodstuff.

Abstract: An improved method for the preparation of prostaglandin analogs which comprises preparation of two equivalents of an alkyl or alkenyl lithium reagent in an aprotic solvent mixture such as pentane or hexane and tetrahydrofuran, conversion of said reagent by addition of 1 equivalent of copper (I) cyanide to a copper reagent, conversion of said copper reagent to the blocked prostaglandin analog by the addition of a 2-alkylcyclopent-2-en-1-one reagent and quenching of the resultant reaction mixture with aprotic media or an active acylating agent and finally optionally deblocking the resultant product is disclosed. This method is an improvement over previous methods in that more modest temperatures and less hazardous and/or less complex reagents are used and in that for some analogs the method is shorter than previous methods.

Abstract: p-Alkyl or cycloalkyl phenoxy alkanols and esters are provided having the structure: ##STR1## in which: R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms, preferably tertiary, and still more preferably tertiary-butyl; or a bivalent cycloalkylene group condensed with the phenyl group at adjacent ring carbons thereof, such as in indane;R.sub.2 is lower alkyl having from one to three carbon atoms or hydrogen;R.sub.3 is hydroxyl or an ester group selected from the group consisting of COOR.sub.4 and OOCR.sub.4 derived from unsubstituted and hydroxy-substituted monocarboxylic acids and COOR.sub.5 OOC and OOCR.sub.

Abstract: Substituted 2-[1-(oxyamino)alkylidene]-cyclohexane-1,3-diones have herbicidal activity against grassy weeds.