Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor product includes applying a photo-resist layer to a substrate, the photo-resist layer including a higher acid concentration at an upper portion of the photo-resist layer than at a lower portion of the photo-resist layer. The method also includes exposing the photo-resist layer to a light source through a mask including a feature, the photo-resist layer including a floating, diffusing acid that will diffuse into a region of the photo-resist layer affected by the feature while not diffusing into a feature formed by the mask.

Abstract: A method of producing an epoxy compound, which comprises reacting hydrogen peroxide with a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond, in the presence of at least one of a tungsten compound and a molybdenum compound; and an onium salt comprising 20 or more carbon atoms and one or more of substituents convertible to a functional group containing an active hydrogen or a salt thereof.

Abstract: An aqueous solution containing 0.1-20 wt % of a substituted choline or thiocholine hydroxide is a useful developer for photosensitive resist materials. A resist pattern is formed by applying a chemically amplified positive resist composition onto a substrate to form a resist film, exposing the resist film to high-energy radiation, and developing the exposed resist film in an ammonium hydroxide-containing aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods for the synthesis of sphingomyelins and dihydrosphingomyelins. The present invention also includes methods for the synthesis of sphingosines and dihydrosphingosines. The present invention further includes methods for the synthesis of ceramides and dihydroceramides.

Abstract: Bio-regulators from a group of quaternary ammonium moieties modify a gene expression in undesirable plants to inhibit growth and robustness and enhance the effectiveness of herbicides. Such bio-regulator may be applied to plants through seed treatments, root drenching, spraying and dusting, or to soil were desirable crops are planted or will be planted. Bio-regulators may be duel-acting; causing beneficial modification to gene expressions in desirable plants while modifying gene expression in undesirable plants, making them more susceptible to herbicides. Bio-regulators are Ester Compounds, BMIA Compounds or related salts of those compounds.

Abstract: Provided are compounds that are inhibitors of both rho kinase and of a monoamine transporter (MAT) act to improve the disease state or condition. Further provided are compositions comprising the compounds. Further provided are methods for treating diseases or conditions, the methods comprising administering compounds according to the invention. One such disease may be glaucoma for which, among other beneficial effects, a marked reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) may be achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a selective ester production process of an alcoholic hydroxyl group, which proceeds under chemically mild conditions, while having adequate environmental suitability, operability and economical efficiency. Specifically disclosed is a process for producing an ester compound, which is characterized in that an alcohol and a carboxylic acid ester compound are reacted in the presence of a compound containing zinc element, thereby selectively acylating a hydroxyl group of the alcohol.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the following structural formulas can be used as photoacid generators: Such compounds are useful, for example, in fabricating arrays of polymers.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a high intensity radiopaque contrast agent is disclosed. The agent may be coated on or incorporated within bulk materials, which may then be subsequently utilized to fabricate a radiopaque medical device. Primary effects through chemistry include higher radiopaque concentrations per unit weight of the radiopaque element or agent. Secondary effects include selective placement of the radiopaque elements which may further enhance the radiopacity of the device with reduced requirements of the radiopaque agent. Such a radiopaque contrast agent may be produced in various forms such as a dendrimer and/or incorporated as the end groups of polymeric chain. In addition one can incorporate biological and/or pharmaceutical agents in combination with the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds produced by the reaction of glycidyl ethers and glycidyl esters with ether compounds including N,N,N?-trimethyl-bis-(aminoethyl)ether. N,N,N?-trimethyl-bis-(aminoethyl)ether and its derivatives can be used as polyurethane catalysts.

Abstract: Absorbable polyurethanes, polyamides and polyester urethanes prepared from at least one compound selected from: or the diamines and diisocyanates thereof, wherein each X represents a member independently selected from —CH2COO— (glycolic acid moiety), —CH(CH3)COO— (lactic acid moiety), —CH2CH2OCH2COO— (dioxanone), —CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO— (caprolactone moiety), —(CH2)yCOO— where y is one of the numbers 2, 3, 4 or 6-24 inclusive, and —(CH2CH2O)z?CH2COO— where z? is an integer between 2 and 24, inclusive; each Y represents a member independently selected from —COCH2O— (glycolic ester moiety), —COCH(CH3)O— (lactic ester moiety), —COCH2OCH2CH2O— (dioxanone ester), —COCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2O— (caprolactone ester), —CO(CH2)mO— where m is an integer between 2, 3, 4 or 6-24 inclusive, —COCH2O(CH2CH2O)n— where n is an integer between 2 and 24, inclusive; R? is hydrogen, benzyl or an alkyl group, the alkyl group being either straight-chained or branched; p is an integer between 1 and 4, inclusive; and Rn represents one or more

Abstract: Active compounds of Formula I are described: wherein: R1 and R2 are each independently C1-C4 alkyl; or R1 and R2 together form a C2-C7 alkylene chain; and Z is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrug thereof, and methods of using the same.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with novel arylalkyl carboxylic acid derivatives, more specifically, with acylates of arylalkyl carboxylic acids with naturally occurring, non-toxic hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, amino or imino compounds, and to compositions containing them. The compositions are preferably cosmetic preparations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a selective ester production process of an alcoholic hydroxyl group, which proceeds under chemically mild conditions, while having adequate environmental suitability, operability and economical efficiency. Specifically disclosed is a process for producing an ester compound, which is characterized in that an alcohol and a carboxylic acid ester compound are reacted in the presence of a compound containing zinc element, thereby selectively acylating a hydroxyl group of the alcohol.

Abstract: Absorbable polyurethanes, polyamides and polyester urethanes prepared from at least one compound selected from: or the diamines and diisocyanates thereof, wherein each X represents a member independently selected from —CH2COO— (glycolic acid moiety), —CH(CH3)COO— (lactic acid moiety), —CH2CH2OCH2COO— (dioxanone), —CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO— (caprolactone moiety), —(CH2)yCOO— where y is one of the numbers 2, 3, 4 or 6-24 inclusive, and —(CH2CH2O)z?CH2COO— where z? is an integer between 2 and 24, inclusive; each Y represents a member independently selected from —COCH2O— (glycolic ester moiety), —COCH(CH3)O— (lactic ester moiety), —COCH2OCH2CH2O— (dioxanone ester), —COCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2O— (caprolactone ester), —CO(CH2)mO— where m is an integer between 2, 3, 4 or 6-24 inclusive, —COCH2O(CH2CH2O)n— where n is an integer between 2 and 24, inclusive; R? is hydrogen, benzyl or an alkyl group, the alkyl group being either straight-chained or branched; p is an integer between 1 and 4, inclusive; and Rn represents one or more

Abstract: Active compounds of Formula I are described: wherein: R1 and R2 are each independently C1-C4 alkyl; or R1 and R2 together form a C2-C7 alkylene chain; and Z is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrug thereof, and methods of using the same.

Abstract: Provided are compounds of formula (I) and other compounds. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. Additionally, methods of inhibiting macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) activity in a mammal are provided, as are methods of treating or preventing inflammation in a mammal, and methods of treating a mammal having sepsis, septicemia, and/or endotoxic shock.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with novel arylalkyl carboxylic acid derivatives, more specifically, with acylates of arylalkyl carboxylic acids with naturally occurring, non-toxic hydroxy, sulfhydryl, amino or imino compounds, and to compositions containing them. The compositions are preferably cosmetic preparations.

Abstract: Compounds or their salts of general formula (I): A-B—N(O)s wherein: s is an integer equal to 1 or 2; A=R-T1-, wherein R is the drug radical and T1=(CO)t or (X)t?, wherein X=O, S, NR1c, R1c is H or a linear or branched alkyl or a free valence, t and t? are integers and equal to zero or 1, with the proviso that t=1 when t?=0; t=0 when t?=1; B=-TB-X2—O— wherein TB=(CO) when t=0, TB=X when t?=0, X being as above defined; X2 is equal to R1B—X—R2B radical wherein X is as above defined, R1B and R2B, equal to or different from each other, are linear or branched C1-C6 alkylenes, or X2 is a radical wherein two alkylene chains C1-C4 are linked to nonadjacent positions of a central ring having 4 or 6 atoms, said ring being an unsaturated cycloaliphatic ring, or a saturated or aromatic heterocylic ring, containing one or two heteroatoms, equal or different, selected from O, S, N; wherein the unsaturated cycloaliphatic ring does not have aromatic character according to Huckel's rule.

Abstract: The compounds of the general formula (I) in which X is represents two hydrogen atoms, a ?-bond, oxygen or methylene: R2 is a C6-C12 aryl, or arylalkyl residue: R3 is hydrogen, 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-aminoethyl are useful for the treatment of pathologies mediated by vanilloid receptors type I.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing compounds of formula (I) where R is H, optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkyl-aryl or heteroaryl, and, in alkyl and cycloalkyl, one or more CH2 groups may be replaced by —O—. The compounds of the formula (I) are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of PPAR agonists.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I 1

Abstract: A process for making optically pure (R) and (S) salbutamol comprises obtaining the (R) or (S) isomer of either salbutamol or a salbutamol precursor in substantially optically pure form by resolving a racemic or optically impure mixture of enantiomers of salbutamol or of said precursor with either (L) or (D) tartaric acid, and where necessary converting said isomer of said precursor into either (R or (S) salbutamol respectively; then optionally converting said optically pure (R) and/or (S) salbutamol into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided modified forms of nonsteroidal anti-inflamamatory drugs (NSAIDs). Modified NSAIDs according to the invention provide a new class of anti-inflammatory agent which provide the therapeutic benefits of NSAIDs while causing a much lower incidence of side-effects then typically observed with such agents.

Abstract: Amidomethyl esters, carbonylmercaptomethyl esters, keto-containing esters, amidomethyl thioesters, amidomethyl amides, and methylene dithioesters are disclosed. The novel compounds have two carbonyl groups connected by a linking moiety having an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen attached to a methylene group, to which is further attached a sulfur, nitrogen or CH2 group. Methods of treating illnesses and conditions, such as cancer, hemological disorders, inherited metabolic disorders and others, using these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Alcohol, phosphate, and diacid derivatives that may be deprotected by irradiation are disclosed. The protecting group is an arylacyl or heteroarylacyl group.

Abstract: A process for producing (2R, 3S)-3-amino-4-phenylbutane-1,2-epoxide compounds which comprises treating a (2S, 3S)-3-amino-1-halo-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutane compound or a (2S, 3S)-3-amino-4-phenylbutane-1,2-epoxide with a carboxylic acid quaternary ammonium salt or a carboxylic acid metal salt a quaternary ammonium salt and a quaternary ammonium salt, to give a (2S, 3S)-1-acyloxy-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutane compound, further treating the same with a sulfonic acid halide in the presence of an organic base to give a (2S, 3S)-1-acyloxy-3-amino-2-sulfonyloxy-4-phenylbutane compound, furthermore treating said compound with an inorganic base. An intermediate for the production of an HIV protease inhibitor can be produced from L-phenylalanine.

Abstract: A guanidine derivative represented by formula (1), (2), (3) or its acid addition salt and a production process thereof wherein each of A and B is a C2-C8 alkylene, D is a single bond, —CO— or a C1-C6 alkylene, E is H, a lower alkyl or the like, m is 1 to 6, n is 0 to 6 and R1 is H, a lower alkyl or the like, 1 is 1 to 10 and G is H, —OH or the like and a skin cosmetic containing the same. It can exert excellent keratin layer softening effect continuously for a long period of time.

Abstract: A pharmaceutically useful compound which lowers blood cholesterol levels having the formula ##STR1## wherein X is oxygen or --NH--; Ar is phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl or substituted naphthyl; R.sub.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or benzyl; and R.sub.2 is a straight or branched alkyl group having from 5 to 17 carbon atoms which may be substituted on the 1-carbon position with methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl, or a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of highly concentrated free-flowing and pumpable aqueous solutions of betaines by quaternization of a compound which contains tertiary amine nitrogen with a .omega.-halo carboxylic acid characterized in that 0.5-5% by weight of the final product, of a viscosity-reducing compound such as an alkali or alkaline earth metal citric acid salt is added to the reaction mixture before or during the quaternization reaction.

Abstract: Compounds containing two cyclic hydrocarbon moieties which are substituted to provide crosslinking functionality and which are linked to each other by secondary or tertiary oxycarbonyl containing moiety are basis for compositions which are cured to provide cured thermosets for encapsulation and underfill for electronic components that are thermally decomposable to allow repair, replacement, recovery or recycling of operative electronic components from assemblies that are inoperative.

Abstract: A preparation process of isoimide comprising reacting a compound having one or more carboxyl group and one or more amide bond in the same molecule in the presence of a haloiminium salt and basic substance, and a preparation process of isoimide comprising reacting a compound having one or more carboxyl group with a compound having one or more amide bond in the presence of a haloiminium salt and basic substance are disclosed.

Abstract: Substituted biphenyl poly(oxyalkylene) ethers having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or hydroxyl; R.sub.2 is hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, aminomethyl, N-alkylamino or N-alkylaminomethyl wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, N,N-dialkylamino or N,N-dialkylaminomethyl wherein each alkyl group independently contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are ortho relative to each other and meta or para relative to the adjoining phenyl substitutent; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and each R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is independently selected in each --OCHR.sub.3 --CHR.sub.4 -- unit; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to about 100 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having about 7 to about 100 carbon atoms, alkaryl having about 7 to about 100 carbon atoms; or an acyl group having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: Process for preparing haloaromatic amines by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding halonitroaromatic compounds, characterized in that iron-containing Raney nickel is used as catalyst, where the haloaromatic amines prepared can be used for the synthesis of photographic couplers which are useful in photographic emulsions or elements.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where the symbols have the meaning described in the application, have retinoid-like or retinoid antagonist-like biological activity.

Abstract: Compounds having the formulaH--A--(BA).sub.n --OHwhereinn is 1-20;A is ##STR1## B is ##STR2## R.sub.1 is alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is an alkylene having 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenylene having 2-6 carbon atoms, cyclo-alkylene or cycloalkenylene having 5-8 carbon atoms or phenylene having 6-10 carbon atoms;a is 1-6; andb is 2-6.These compounds are useful for making polyurethanes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of O-acylglycolanilides of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are hydrogen, halogen, a nitro group, a cyano group, a straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms,. R.sup.3 is hydrogen or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R.sup.4 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical, in which an aniline of the formula (2) ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the same meaning as in formula (1), and an O-acylglycolic acid of the general formula (3) ##STR3## in which R.sup.

Abstract: Aromatic acid-derived lipophilic polyhalogenated compounds are provided for use as contrast agents in diagnostic imaging or as therapeutic agents. These compounds are particularly useful when incorporated into an oil-in-water emulsion for tissue-specific delivery to the liver. For hepatocyte-selective delivery, the emulsion is chylomicron remnant-like by being in a size range of 50 to 200 nm and having a composition simulating naturally-occuring chylomicron remnants.

Abstract: Polyoxazolines having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R is phenylene or alkylene containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl and R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-12 alkyl, vinyl, isopropylidene, pentafluoroethyl, phenyl, hydroxyphenyl which is optionally interrupted by up to 20 ethylene oxide groups, C.sub.1-2 -alkoxyphenyl which is optionally interrupted by up to 20 ethylene oxide groups and .paren open-st.CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O.paren close-st..sub.r CH.sub.3 in which r ranges from 1-20, X is NH.sub.2 or OH, n ranges from 2 to 50 and m ranges from 0 to 50, wherein R.sub.1 is hydroxyphenyl optionally interrupted by up to 20 ethylene oxide groups only when X is NH.sub.2, are polymerizable to form hyperbranched polymers which have a number average molecular weight ranging from 5,000 to 150,000, a weight average molecular weight ranging from 5,500 to 5,000,000 and a polydispersity ranging from 1.

Abstract: There is disclosed an ester compound that is resistant to decomposition in blood, but is quickly hydrolyzed in cancer cells, and functions as an anticancer agent. The ester compound has a structure represented by formula (I) or formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a methyl group, a methoxy group, or a trifluoroacetamido group; R.sub.2 represents a phenyl group or a phenylmethyl group; and the absolute configuration of the asymmetric center marked with an asterisk is R.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non-surface staining, light stable antioxidant compounds which reduce the fading, decoloration and degradation of various surfaces, ie., fabrics, from sunlight. These antioxidant compounds are butylated hydroxytoluene and sorbic acid derivatives, containing at least one C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 hydrocarbon fatty amine organic moiety and are either solid materials having a melting point of less than about 80.degree. Celsius, or are liquids at a temperature of less than about 40.degree. Celsius.

Abstract: Organic compounds having at least one ethylenically-unsaturated group are described, the organic compounds being suitable for use in coatable compositions as reactive diluents; compounds of the invention preferably have a divalent organic linking moiety devoid of reactive groups other than optional ethylenically-unsaturated groups, and a polar organic moiety and are particularly adept in solubilizing aminoplast resins having radiation-curable pendant groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of organic chemistry and more particularly to that of therapeutic chemistry.More particularly it relates to new quaternary ammonium salts of general formula (I): ##STR1## in which Hal is a halogen atom other than fluorine R and R.sub.1, identical or different, are lower alkyl radicals, n is an integer varying from 2 to 16, Z is an alkenyl radical having up to 3 carbon atoms, a carboxyl, or the OR.sub.2 group in which R.sub.2 is a hydrogen, a lower alkyl radical, an acyl remainder, a tocol radical, a sterol radical or a carboxamide chain and A is a hydroxyl or an anion of a mineral or organic acid.The compounds according to the invention are the active ingredients of pharmaceutical compositions with an anti-tumorous and/or immuno-suppressive action.

Abstract: Novel intermediates useful in the preparation of the optically active antiviral compound [1R-(1.alpha.,2.beta.,3.alpha.)]-2-amino-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobut yl]-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one are described.

Abstract: Substituted 2-aminoalk-3-enoic acid derivative of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical that is substituted by optionally acylated or aliphatically or araliphatically etherified hydroxy, by halogen, by optionally acylated and/or aliphatically substituted amino or by an aza-, diaza-, azoxa- or oxa-cycloaliphatic radical, or is an oxacycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical bonded via a carbon atom, or is an optionally aliphatically N-substituted or N-acylated azacycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and R.sub.2 is free or esterified carboxy, and their salts exhibit NMDA-antagonistic properties and are useful as active ingredients of anticonvulsive medicaments.

Abstract: In a process for reacting a low molecular weight hydroxy compound with a carboxylic acid halide, a small amount of the acid halide is introduced into the reaction vessel and the remainder of the acid halide and the hydroxy compound are added gradually in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. The hydrogen halide formed is thus prevented from dissolving in the reaction medium. The heat of reaction to be dissipated is negligible.

Abstract: Compounds having the structure ##STR1## wherein (Z--COO is the residue of an iodinated aromatic acid;n is an integer from 0 to 20;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently H, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy or aryloxy;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently a substituent as defined for R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 above, halogen, hydroxy or acylamino;and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, or acetamidoalkyl;or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, represent a 4 to 7-membered nitrogen containing ring, are useful as contrast agents in x-ray imaging compositions and methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to N acyl and O acyl derivatives of N,N-bis(2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl)amine which are produced as follows: ammonium halide, sulphate or aldehyde, and isobutyl aldehyde are subjected to condensation reaction and the obtained product is reduced to the corresponding amino alcohol. The hydrogen atoms linked to the nitrogen atom and the oxygen atom are thereafter substituted by acyl groups. The N-acylation and esterification of hydroxyl groups can be performed simultaneously using a carboxyl acid, carboxyl acid halide, or carboxyl acid anhydride. The N,N-bis(2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl)amine derivatives can be used as polymer stabilizers, PCV plasticizers, emulsifiers, corrosion resistance agents, and metal complexing agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compositions of matter which are esters with enhanced water solubility, for use in aqueous enzymatic resolution reactions of racemic mixtures of these esters for producing the separate chiral isomers of the racemic mixture. The invention also relates to novel methods for preparing these esters. The importance of the production of the separate chiral isomers of the racemic mixtures resides in the isolation of the isomers which frequently have different biological activities. Of particular significance regarding the water soluble esters of this invention is that they are derivatized with groups which enhance their aqueous solubility and their reactivity with enzymatic resolving methods which are mediated in an aqueous environment.

Abstract: Toner particles comprising a polyester binder and a charge control agent are provided wherein such agent is a quaternary ammonium salt having one or more ester-containing moieties. Such an ester-containing salt causes toner particles to display lower fusing temperature, improved paper adhesion indexes, and improved polyester binder compatibility compared to nonesterified salts.