Abstract: The novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which n is an integer from the range from 4 to 8 and m is an integer from the range from 1 to 4,A is the aliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic or heterocyclic radical of a monobasic to tetrabasic carboxylic acid, andR.sup.1 and R.sup.1', independently of one another, are C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, are suitable for stabilizing organic material against thermal, oxidative or actinic degradation.

Abstract: The invention includes selected novel optically active .alpha.-amino ketones which either are themselves useful or are intermediates for the preparation of known ketomethylene pseudopeptides useful as antibiotics, antibiotic enhancers, or enzyme inhibitors. Further, the present invention provides a method for dehydrogenation/asymmetrical hydrogenation to obtain essentially pure antipodes of ketomethylene pseudopeptides having two chiral centers.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved telomerized oil comprising no more than 4% polyunsaturated fatty acids and a plurality of aliphatic rings, wherein the improved telomerized oil is made from about 20% to about 70% of a conjugated triglyceride oil, wherein the conjugated triglyceride oil has at least 50% of fatty acids having at least two conjugated double bonds and from about 30% to about 80% of a vegetable triglyceride oil, wherein the vegetable triglyceride oil has from about 10% to about 75% of its fatty acids being polyunsaturated and having from about 16 to about 26 carbon atom chain length (unbranched).

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## [wherein R.sup.1 represents a group of formula (II) or (III): ##STR2## R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a carboxy-protecting group; R.sup.a is hydrogen or a group of formula and --OR.sup.6 ; R.sup.6, R.sup.6a and R.sup.6b are each hydrogen, a hydroxy-protecting group, alkyl, alkanesulfonyl, halogenated alkanesulfonyl or arylsulfonyl] and their salts and esters have the ability to inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol, and can thus be used for the treatment and prophylaxis of hypercholesterolemia and of various cardiac disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal material represented by the following formula [I]:R--X--A.sup.1 --Y.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --(Y.sup.2 --A.sup.3).sub.n --Z--R*[I]wherein R is an alkyl or polyfluoroalkyl group; X is a group such as --COO--, or a single bond; n is 0 or 1; A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are each a cyclic group such as tetralin, and at least one of them has an optically active group; Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are each a group such as --COO--; Z is a group such as --O--, or a single bond; and R* is an optically active group. Also disclosed are a liquid crystal composition comprising the liquid crystal material represented by the above formula, and a liquid crystal element in which the liquid crystal material is used. The liquid crystal material of the invention shows excellent liquid crystal characteristics because it has at least two optically active groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the manufacture of dialkyl cyclohexanedicarboxylates by the low pressure, catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding dialkyl benzenedicarboxylate wherein the formation/accumulation of carbon monoxide is suppressed to maintain the activity of the precious metal catalyst.

Abstract: The invention includes selected novel optically active .alpha.-amino ketones which either are themselves useful or are intermediates for the preparation of known ketomethylene pseudopeptides useful as antibiotics, antibiotic enhancers, or enzyme inhibitors. Further, the present invention provides a method for dehydrogenation/asymmetrical hydrogenation to obtain essentially pure antipodes of ketomethylene pseudopeptides having two chiral centers.

Abstract: A composition comprising a lactone-modified alicyclic compound (I), or an epoxidized lactone-modified alicyclic compound (II) of the following formulae: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group, an aromatic group or an alkenyl group having carbon number of from 1 to 30, Y.sup.1 is at least one of the structural groups; ##STR2## Y.sup.2 is at least one of the structural group; ##STR3## X is the structural group; ##STR4## and R.sup.a and R.sup.b each independently is hydrogen or a methyl group, c and c' represent a number of from 4 to 8, from n1 to nL represents 0 or a number of more than 0, respectively, and n1+n2+n3+ . . . +nL corresponds to the total mole numbers of a lactone introduced into one molecule.These compositions can be made into a heat-curable composition, a photo-curable composition, a polymerizable composition and another photo-curable composition.

Abstract: The carboxylic acid ester compound of the invention is represented by the following formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group of 3-20 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; at least one of A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 is a group having tetralin structure, and the residual groups of A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are each independently a group having specific aromatic cyclic structure such as a phenylene group and a biphenyl group; Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are each independently a group selected from the group consisting of --COO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- and --CH.sub.2 O--; Q.sup.1 is a group selected from the group consisting of --CH.sub.3, --CF.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and --C.sub.2 F.sub.5 ; and q is an integer of 4 to 12.This carboxylic acid ester compound may be used as an antiferroelectric liquid crystal material, and also be used as a liquid crystal composition by using other liquid crystal material in combination.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a dimethyl cyclohexanedicarboxylate by the hydrogenation of the analogous dimethyl benzenedicarboxylate ester in the presence of a class of palladium on alumina catalysts which have a unique combination of characteristics. The use of the catalysts permits the process to be carried out at significantly lower process pressures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a dimethyl cyclohexanedicarboxylate by the hydrogenation of the corresponding dimethyl benzenedicarboxylate ester in the presence of a class of a supported catalysts comprising palladium and a second Group VIII metal selected from nickel, platinum, ruthenium or a mixture thereof deposited on an alumina support which have a unique combination of characteristics. The use of the catalysts permits the process to be carried out at significantly lower process pressures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new hydroxybenzophenones containing an ester functional group and to the use of these compounds as UV absorbers in organic polymers. More precisely, the new hydroxybenzophenones are 1,3-di(4-benzoyl-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-propanol carboxylates which preferably have a molecular mass of at least 500.These benzophenones can be employed as anti-UV agents in organic polymers, either by themselves or jointly with known benzophenones of lower molecular mass, such as 2-hydroxy-4-alkoxybenzophenones.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding compositions of a vinyl chloride polymer and one or more emulsion polymers made with special emulsifiers have improved properties for technical application, such as reduced fogging. They are used for the production of molded articles, sheet products and films.

Abstract: Disclosed is a diacetylene compound comprising, as structural units, (a) at least one member selected from diacetylene group-containing organic groups of the formulae (I) and (II):R.sup.I --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--R.sup.II -- (I)and--R.sup.III --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--R.sup.IV -- (II)wherein R.sup.I is hydrogen or a (C1-16) monovalent organic group, and R.sup.II, R.sup.III and R.sup.IV are a (C1-13) divalent organic group,(b) at least one organic group having at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and (c) at least one connecting group connecting the units (a) and (b) , which connecting group is selected from amide, imide, ester, ether, amino, imino, urethane, sulfonyl and carbonyl bonds. A cured shaped article made of this compound exhibits isotropically a high elastic modulus and has excellent mechanical properties.

Abstract: Provided is a fixed bed heterogeneous catalyst that promotes the isomerization of cis/trans-DMCD to trans-DMCD in economical fashion with short reaction times and in high purity. The catalyst is preferably H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 on a metal oxide, said metal oxide selected from a group consisting of ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and HfO.sub.2, or a tungsten-modified ZrO.sub.2.

Abstract: There is disclosed a group of lubricant additives that have improved oxidative stability, high viscosity and relatively lower cost and that comprise telomerized vegetable oils having no more than 4% polyunsaturated fatty acids. There is also disclosed sulfurized and phosphite adduct derivatives of telomerized vegetable oil for use as lubricant additives.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of N,N-disubstituted mono- and oligourethanes by the reaction of N-aromatically, N-aliphatically, N-cycloaliphatically, and N-araliphatically substituted mono- and oligourethanes with dialkyl carbonates in the presence of at least stoichiometrically equivalent quantities of solid alkali or alkaline-earth carbonate in excess dialkyl carbonate and/or an aprotic organic solvent and in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: Nitroaryl carbonyl Formula (IIA) compounds, their nitrodihydroaryl carbonyl Formula (I) intermediates, processes for preparing Formula (II) compounds, and a process for preparing Formula (I) compounds, wherein each process comprises the reaction of a nitroaryl compound with a silane.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives containing carboxyl groups with the general structure of formula (I): ##STR1## alone or in mixtures with one another, in which the substituents on the cyclohexane ring are in the 1-, 2-, and 4-positions, Z is a --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- group or a ##STR2## group, R is an alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 3, are obtained by the hydrocarboxyalkylation of 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane and are useful as monomers for the formation of polymers.

Abstract: The novel glycidyl ether addition products are obtained by esterification of a diol compound, selected from the group comprising linear oxyalkylates and other amine-free aliphatic diols, and an addition compound of polyether block polymers and glycidyl ethers with dicarboxylic acids. They are advantageously employed for demulsifying crude oil emulsions.

Abstract: A terpene compound having the formula (III) is produced by reacting an allylic halide having the formula (I) with a Grignard reagent having the formula (II) in the presence of anhydrous zinc chloride and a copper compound or an organic zinc halide compound having the formula (IV) in the presence of a copper compound, provided that when A-A is C-C, R' is hydrogen and when A-A is C=C, X is chlorine.

Abstract: The new compositions of matter of the present invention comprise compounds having one of the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein: R is hydrogen or methyl;n is 1 to 16;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are defined as R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 below or are joined to form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aromatic or a heterocyclic ring containing an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom or an alkoxy, amino, carboxyl, halo, hydroxyl, keto or a thiocarboxyl substituted derivative thereof;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from (A) hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyo, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, a heterocyclic ring containing an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom, alkoxy, amino, carboxyl, halo, hydroxyl, keto or a thiocarboxyl and (B) substituted derivatives of the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl and the heterocyclic ring wherein the substitutions are alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, alkoxy, amino, carboxyl, halo, hydroxyl, keto or a thiocarboxyl;W may be a single bond, oxygen, NR.sub.5, or (CR.sub.6 R.sub.7).

Abstract: A 21-carbon aliphatic branched chain dicarboxylic acid is produced by reacting pre-conjugated fatty acid (which contains linoleic acid) with acrylic acid at a temperature between 180.degree. C. and 300.degree. C. No catalyst or solvent is necessary for the reaction to occur. The reaction product is subsequently distilled to yield high purity dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Seco-mevinic acid derivatives are provided which has the structure ##STR1## including all stereoisomers thereof, wherein Z is ##STR2## R is H, alkali metal or lower alkyl, R.sup.1 is H, lower alkyl, aryl, lower alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl or heterocyclic; R.sup.2 is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl, and X is O or NR.sup.5 wherein R.sup.5 is H or lower alkyl, and are HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and thus are useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents and in treating atherosclerosis. New intermediates for preparing the above seco-mevinic acid derivatives are also provided.

Abstract: Antihypercholesterolemic activity, due to competitive inhibition of HMG CoA reductase, has been found in compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from:(1) alkyl,(2) substituted alkyl in which one or more substituents are selected from(a) halogen,(b) hydroxyl,(c) alkoxy,(d) alkoxycarbonyl,(e) acyloxy,(f) cycloalkyl,(g) phenyl,(h) substituted phenyl in which one or more substituents are X or Y,(i) alkyl-S(O).sub.n,(j) cycloalkyl-S(O).sub.n,(k) phenyl-S(O).sub.n,(l) substituted phenyl-S(O).sub.n in which one or more substituents are X or Y, and(m) oxo,(3) alkoxy,(4) alkenyl,(5) cycloalkyl,(6) substituted cycloalkyl in which one or more substituents are selected from(a) alkyl,(b) substituted alkyl in which one or more substituents are selected from(i) halogen,(ii) hydroxy,(iii) alkoxy,(iv) alkoxycarbonyl(v) acyloxy(vi) phenyl(vii) substituted phenyl in which one or more substituents are X and Y,(viii) alkyl-S(O).sub.n,(ix) cycloalkyl-S(O).sub.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of urethane-modified biuret polyisocyanates by the reaction of(a) 1,6-diisocyanatohexane with subequivalent quantities of(b) biuretizing agents based on water and/or organic compounds which react with isocyanate groups to form biuret groups,to form biurets followed by removal of the unreacted, excess 1,6-diisocyanatohexane and any volatile components present, characterized in that at any stage before removal of the excess 1,6-diisocyanate,(c) at least one diol containing ester groups and having an average molecular weight of about 350 to 950 is added to the reaction mixture in a quantity of about 1 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of the 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, the diol reacting with part of the isocyanate groups present to form urethane groups.The invention is also directed to the urethane-modified biuret polyisocyanates obtained by this process and their use as polyisocyanate components in two-component polyurethane lacquers.

Abstract: Vinyl ethers having a carboxyl group in a form of salt are stable and is usable as materials for fluorine-containing copolymers. The vinyl ethers can provide sable monomer compositions by mixing with vinyl ethers having a free carboxyl group when the former vinyl ethers are present in an amount of not less than 1% by mole of the latter vinyl ethers. The fluorine-containing copolymer prepared by copolymerizing fluoroolefins with the vinyl ethers are useful as aqueous coatings particularly electro dip coatings.

Abstract: A process for chlorinating a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -alkyl radical, C.sub.1 -alkoxy radical or C.sub.1 -thioalkyl radical, andX.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are identical or different hydrogen or halogen, andX.sup.3 may alternatively be ##STR2## or --NCO, comprising, in an initial phase, dissolving a chlorination catalyst in the compound to be chlorinated, continuously metering this solution together with chlorine into a reaction vessel containing the compound to be chlorinated, and, after the initial phase, removing partially or fully chlorinated compounds from the reaction vessel, dissolving fresh chlorination catalyst in the removed compounds, and feeding this catalyst solution, together with chlorine, to the reaction vessel.

Abstract: Novel transhexahydroterephthalic acid ester derivatives represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## are usable as a liquid crystal or an additive to liquid crystal compositions.The compound (I) can lower the melting point and raise the clear point of a liquid crystal composition, thus the liquid crystal range of the composition would broaden.

Abstract: Method for preparing a biologically active 2-substituted succinic acid derivative involving asymmetrically catalytically hydrogenating the corresponding 2(E)-alkylidene succinate derivative in the presence of a rhodium complexed (R,R)-bisphosphine compound.

Abstract: A novel amphiphatic polymerizable vinyl monomer of the formula: ##STR1## having surface active function and crosslinking catalytic function, as well as increased amphiphatic nature. The invention also provides a preparation method of said amphiphatic polymerizable vinyl monomer, resin particles obtained by using said vinyl monomer, aqueous and organic solvent dispersion of said resin particles which are specifically useful in coating compositions.

Abstract: This invention produces higher homologs, i.e., differing by at least a --CH.sub.2 -unit, of carbonyloxy-containing compounds by treating the carbonyloxy-containing compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a ruthenium-containing compound, a proton donor, an iodide promoter, and optionally, a manganese-containing compound.

Abstract: An end carboxyl bearing reactive vinyl monomer represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl group; R.sub.2 is a bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a bivalent alicyclic hydrocarbon having 6 to 7 carbon atoms, phenylene substituted with halogen, sulfo or carboxyl group; A is a repeating unit of the formula: ##STR2## R.sub.3 is ethylene or propylene; R.sub.4 is an alkylene having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is an alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 1 to 10 and n is an integer of 2 to 50. The present reactive vinyl monomer is very useful as a constituting unit of vinyl resin.

Abstract: Novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, which are useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents and are represented by the following general structural formulae (I) and (II) ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compound (II) in which Z is hydrogen are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a polyester polyol having a molecular weight between about 850 and 2000, a functionality of about 5 to 9 and an OH number of about 200 to 350, based on 100% solids, which is prepared by reacting(a) an acid component based on at least one polyfunctional cycloaliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, anhydride or ester and optionally up to about 50 percent by weight of at least one acyclic, polyfunctional carboxylic acid and(b) a hydroxyl component containing at least a portion of at least one polyol having a functionality of at least 3.The present invention is also directed to a process for preparing these polyester polyols by reacting the above components and is further directed to the use of these polyester polyols in combination with organic polyisocyanates for the production of polyurethanes, particularly polyurethane coatings.

Abstract: Organic compounds having functional groups such as aromatic ester, thioester, or carbonate groups are prepared by reacting an organometallic reactant where the metal is gallium, indium, thallium arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, with a suitable second reactant. For example, the ester ##STR1## can be prepared by reacting an organometallic derivative of hydroquinone with p-phenoxybenzoyl chloride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to propoxylated guerbet alcohols and esters having an iodine number less than 7 and defined by the general formula: ##STR1## which alcohols and esters are useful, individually or in admixture, as lubricants in the working of metals.

Abstract: Alkylidene compounds and arylidene compounds are prepared by reacting the corresponding CH-acidic compounds with carbonyl compounds in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal compound of a metal of Groups IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, VIB, VIIB, or VIIIB of the periodic table of elements. The rate of reaction is increased by adding 1 to 40% water referred to the weight of catalyst used.

Abstract: A polyester polyol having the idealized structure: ##STR1## where R represents the residue of a polyepoxide after ring opening with a carboxylic acid group, R' represents the residue of a cyclic anhydride, n is a number of from 4 to 25, m represents the number of epoxy groups of the polyepoxide ring opened with carboxylic acid groups, and R" represents --H or --CH.sub.3.

Abstract: Fluoro-substituted carbocyclic compounds are prepared by(A) reacting hydrogen fluoride with a chloro-cyclohexenyl compound of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of --H, --CH.sub.2 OH, --COF, --COCl, --CF.sub.3, --CN, ##STR2## and --CH.sub.2 R, where R is --H or alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, to form a gem-dihalocyclohexane compound of the formula ##STR3## where X is chlorine and R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: Lactone acrylates and organic anhydrides are condensed to form carboxyl-terminated lactone acrylates. These can be homopolymerized or copolymerized with ethylenically unsaturated monomers by means of radiation.

Abstract: Organic compounds having functional groups such as aromatic ester, thioester, or carbonate groups are prepared by reacting an organo- germanium, tin, or lead reactant with a suitable second reactant. For example, the ester ##STR1## is prepared by reacting the bis-tri-n-butyl tin derivative of hydroquinone with p-phenoxybenzoyl chloride.

Abstract: Reaction products of 1 mole 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-propanes with 2 moles carboxylic acid anhydrides and their use as emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: A new series of oligomeric or polymeric compounds having a poly(ester) structure, wherein the monomeric starting materials are 1,10-bis(2-hydroxyethylthio)decane, poly(oxyethyleneglycol)s or poly(oxypropyleneglycol)s and carboxylic acids, the process for the preparation thereof and the therapeutic use thereof.

Abstract: Sweeteners of the formula: ##STR1## and food-acceptable salts thereof, where the substituents are disclosed herein.

Abstract: An optically active compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of Z and Z' is a single bond, --COO--, --OCO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 O--, R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group or a halogen atom, each of rings A and B is a 1,4-di-substituted phenylene group or a trans-1,4-di-substituted cyclohexylene group, n is 0 or 1, X is ##STR2## wherein * indicates an optical center, and R' is an alkyl group having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms or ##STR3## where R" is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, provided that when X is ##STR4## R is the alkyl group or the alkoxy group.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of dicarboxylate esters by reacting an optionally substituted ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon having two carbon atoms less than said dicarboxylic acid, CO and an alcohol in the presence of a Group VIII noble metal or a compound thereof, a quinone and optionally, a redox agent and molecular oxygen.

Abstract: A liquid thermal accumulator composition comprising a dicarboxylic acid anhydride, an alcohol and a monoester of the dicarboxylic acid and the alcohol. A process for accumulation of thermal energy utilizing said composition is also disclosed.