Abstract: The invention provides novel N-acyloxyalkyl-carboxamides of the general formula (I): ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted,R.sup.2 is optionally substituted alkyl andR.sup.3 is hydrogen, halogen or optionally substituted alkyl,in the isolated and pure form, and a process for their preparation.

Abstract: A method of selectively oxidizing an organic compound in a single vessel comprises: a) combining an organic compound, an acid solution in which the organic compound is soluble, a compound containing two oxygen atoms bonded to one another, and a metal ion reducing agent capable of reducing one of such oxygen atoms, and thereby forming a mixture; b) reducing the compound containing the two oxygen atoms by reducing one of such oxygen atoms with the metal ion reducing agent to, 1) oxidize the metal ion reducing agent to a higher valence state, and 2) produce an oxygen containing intermediate capable of oxidizing the organic compound; c) reacting the oxygen containing intermediate with the organic compound to oxidize the organic compound into an oxidized organic intermediate, the oxidized organic intermediate having an oxidized carbon atom; d) reacting the oxidized organic intermediate with the acid counter ion and higher valence state metal ion to bond the acid counter ion to the oxidized carbon atom and thereby

Abstract: Direct fluorination of organics such as 1,8-dichlorooctane in tubular reactor. Inert liquid containing organic feed is circulated through tubular reactor with fluorine gas for a time and at a temperature sufficient to yield fluorinated organic. Preferably, liquid and gas phases are separated from reactor product stream containing inert liquid, fluorinated organic, and any unreacted organic is recycled to turbulent mixing zone upstream of reactor in which fresh organic feed is added; and fluorine is added to recycle stream at end of mixing zone. Flow in tubular reactor is turbulent. Rate of organic feed and fluorine addition to process are independent of each other. Among process advantages are: Freon solvents not required; good control of reaction exotherm; and HF scavengers not required. Process useful for partial or complete fluorination.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the manufacture of product compounds of the formula HC(R.sup.1).sub.2 C(R.sup.1).sub.2 C(R.sup.2).sub.2 H wherein each R.sup.1 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, CN, R, OR, CO.sub.2 R, C(O)R, OC(O)R, R.sup.f, OR.sup.f, CO.sub.2 R.sup.f, C(O)R.sup.f and OC(O)R.sup.f where R is a hydrocarbyl group and R.sup.f is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 polyfluoroalkyl group, provided that at least one R.sup.1 is F, and wherein each R.sup.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, CN, R, OR, CO.sub.2 R, C(O)R, OC(O)R, R.sup.f, OR.sup.f, CO.sub.2 R.sup.f, C(O)R.sup.f, OC(O)R.sup.f and difunctional linkages where an R.sup.2 group on each of two adjacent carbon atoms together form a link selected from the group consisting of --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)--, --CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 --, --C(O)OC(O)--, and norborndiyl.

Abstract: This invention pertains to perfluoropolyethers and perhalogenated chlorofluoropolyethers that can be prepared by fluorinating addition polymers made by polymerizing epoxides.

Abstract: Provided is a process for the production of 2-fluoroisobutyric acid or its ester, which comprises reacting 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid or its ester with thionyl chloride and a hydrogen fluoride source.

Abstract: This invention pertains to perfluoropolyethers and perhalogenated chlorofluoropolyethers that can be prepared by fluorinating addition polymers made by polymerizing epoxides.

Abstract: This invention provides 1) novel reactive fluorinated compounds derived from a specified class of telomers or cotelomers of fluoroolefins; and 2) stable products and stable polymers thereof obtained by reaction or polycondensation of the novel reactive fluorinated compounds with specified classes of hydrogenated aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic reactive compounds, telechelic oligomers and block polymers wherein said stable products and polymers contain hetero atoms such as oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen and are characterized by high thermal and chemical resistance.

Abstract: A Process for Preparing L-(-)-carnitine is disclosed which comprises acylating D-(+)-carnitinenitrile or D-(+)-carnitineamide to their respective acyl derivatives which, via acid hydrolysis, yield D-(+)-carnitine which is converted to the lactone of L-(-)-carnitine. The lactone when in base yields L-(-)-carnitine.

Abstract: Direct fiuorination of organics such as 1,8-dichlorooctane in tubular reactor. Inert liquid containing organic feed is circulated through tubular reactor with fluorine gas for a time and at a temperature sufficient to yield fluorinated organic. Preferably, liquid and gas phases are separated from reactor product stream containing inert liquid, fluorinated organic, and any unreacted organic is recycled to turbulent mixing zone upstream of reactor in which fresh organic feed is added; and fluorine is added to recycle stream at end of mixing zone. Flow in tubular reactor is turbulent. Rate of organic feed and fluorine addition to process are independent of each other. Among process advantages are: Freon solvents not required; good control of reaction exotherm; and HF scavengers not required. Process useful for partial or complete fluorination.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which A is oxygen, sulfur or --NR.sub.1 --;B is C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkylene,D-E is --O--E, --S--E, --O--CH.sub.2 --E, --O--C(.dbd.O)--E, --O--C(.dbd.O)--O--E, --O--C(.dbd.O)--N(H)--E or --O--C(.dbd.S)--N(H)--E;E is phenyl; phenyl which is substituted by one to three substituents; a five-membered aromatic heterocycle having one to three hetero atoms; a five-membered aromatic heterocycle which has one to three hetero atoms and which is substituted by one or two substituents; a six-membered aromatic heterocycle which has one to three nitrogen atoms; or a six-membered aromatic heterocycle which has one to three nitrogen atoms and which is substituted by one or two substituents;L is halogen or methyl;X is fluorine;Y is chlorine or fluorine;Z is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl;m is the number zero, one, two, three, four or five;n is the number zero, one or two andR.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Normally liquid, omega-hydrofluoroalkyl ether compounds (and selected mixtures thereof) have a saturated perfluoroaliphatic chain of carbon atoms interrupted by one or more ether oxygen atoms. The compounds can be prepared, e.g., by decarboxylation of the corresponding fluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids and are useful, e.g., in cleaning and drying applications.

Abstract: There are here disclosed an adhesive composition obtained by adding a fluorine-containing carboxylic acid epoxy adduct to a 2-cyanoacrylate, and a process for preparing the adhesive composition. This 2-cyanoacrylate-based adhesive composition is excellent in storage stability and particularly excellent in adhesive force and impact resistance and has a high hardening rate. In particular, the adhesive strength of the 2-cyanoacrylate-based adhesive composition can be remarkably increased without lowering the hardening rate, and so the 2-cyanoacrylate-based adhesive composition can exert a sufficient resistance to impact and the like at the time of the adhesion of metals, rubbers, plastics and lumbers and the reliability of adherends can be improved.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method for liquid phase fluorination for perfluorination of a wide variety of hydrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: Aliphatic .omega.-difluorocarboxyl compounds are prepared in an economic manner from aliphatic .omega.-monohalogeno-difluorocarboxyl compounds by bringing the latter into contact with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst which is applied to an inert support material and comprises one or more metals of group VIII of the Periodic Table at 120.degree. to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of producing perfluorocarbon halides in a one-pot reaction is described. The method employs a perfluorocarbon acid, a first halogenating agent and a second halogen which drives the reaction forward. Novel perfluorocarbon halides and a direct method for producing perfluorocarbon hypohalites also are described.

Abstract: A process for producing difluoromethyl ethers and esters by reacting an ether or an acid with a cadmium, zinc or bismuth compound containing the CF.sub.3 group and selected from the group consisting of Cd(CF.sub.3).sub.2, Zn(CF.sub.3).sub.2,Bi(CF.sub.3).sub.3, CdHal(CF.sub.3), ZnHal(CF.sub.3), BiHal(CF.sub.3).sub.2 and BiHal.sub.2 (CF.sub.3) in the presence of a Lewis acid.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for selectively fluorinating various methylenephosphonate and methylenephosphorane derivatives using an electrophilic fluorinating agent, such as N-fluoro 1,4-diazabicyclo[ 2.2.2]octane by fluorinating the monohalogenated methylenephosphonate or methylenephosphorane derivative to produce fluoromethylenephosphonate or fluoro-methylenephosphorane derivatives useful as fluorinated Horner-Emmons or Wittig reagents in producing selectively fluorinated vinylic compounds.

Abstract: Fluorinated carboxylic acids can be recovered from materials which contain them by releasing, if necessary, the carboxylic acids with sufficiently strong acids, esterifying the released acids and distilling off the esters. The esters can be advantageously directly hydrolyzed with aqueous ammonia solution to give the corresponding ammonium salts.

Abstract: A liquid phase process for making perfluorinated organic substances which comprises directly contacting in a temperature-controlled reactor a diluted solution or dispersion of a perfluorinateable, organic substance in a liquid, inert medium with a stoichiometric excess of fluorine gas, optionally diluted with an inert gas, to perfluorinate said organic substance at a temperature and a flow rate of inert gas (if used) sufficient to volatilize the resulting by-product hydrogen fluoride, removing said hydrogen fluoride from the reactor as it is produced, and separately removing from the reactor the resultant solution or dispersion of perfluorinated organic substance.

Abstract: A process for preparing functionalized perfluoropolyoxyalkylenes, wherein the corresponding perfluoropolyoxyalkylenes containing peroxy bonds in the chain are reacted with a primary or a secondary alcohol, or mixtures of these alcohols, in the presence of a catalyst selected from iodine, hydriodic acid or alkali metal iodides. The process leads to the obtainment of perfluoropolyoxyalkylenes having a high functionalization degree, which can be easily purified by removing the excess of alcohol through distillation.

Abstract: This invention provides 1) novel reactive fluorinated compounds derived from a specified class of telomers or cotelomers of fluoroolefins; and 2) stable products and stable polymers thereof obtained by reaction or polycondensation of the novel reactive fluorinated compounds with specified classes of hydrogenated aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic reactive compounds, telechelic oligomers and block polymers wherein said stable products and polymers contain hetero atoms such as oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen and are characterized by high thermal and chemical resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphonocarboxylic acids or phosphinocarboxylic acids, and the use thereof as surface-active agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to chemical processes for preparing tetrafluoropropionate salts and selected derivatives thereof.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method for liquid phase fluorination for perfluorination of a wide variety of hydrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method for liquid phase fluorination for perfluorination of a wide variety of hydrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method for liquid phase fluorination for perfluorination of a wide variety of hydrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: 15,16-Seco-19-nor progestins are provided which display elevated progestational activity with a minimum of ancillary hormonal activity. Processes for the preparation of the novel progestins are provided as are methods of use. A preferred method of use is in the suppression of ovulation in the human female.

Abstract: Propoxybenzene derivatives represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein Ra represents a nitro group, an amino group which may have a protecting group or an --NHCH.dbd.C(COO--C.sub.1-6 -Alkyl).sub.2 group, Rb represents a hydrogen atom, a protecting group for the hydroxyl group or a substituted sulfonyl group and Xa and Xb, which may be the same or different, each represents a halogen atom, and processes for preparation thereof are disclosed. These derivatives are useful in preparing antibacterial agents.

Abstract: In a process for reacting a low molecular weight hydroxy compound with a carboxylic acid halide, a small amount of the acid halide is introduced into the reaction vessel and the remainder of the acid halide and the hydroxy compound are added gradually in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. The hydrogen halide formed is thus prevented from dissolving in the reaction medium. The heat of reaction to be dissipated is negligible.

Abstract: Alkenoic acid compounds are described. The compounds which are dehydropeptidase inactivators contain a ##STR1## moiety which is substituted with a halomethylene or a cyano moiety as R.sub.3. The enzyme deprotonates the alpha --CH.sub.2 group and then the intermediate compound forms a covalent bond with enzymic residue in the active site, resulting in irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. The compounds are particularly inactivators of renal dipeptidases.

Abstract: A method for racemizing an optically active carboxylic acid, or ester thereof, of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkoxy, amino or substituted amino or the group ##STR2## is nitrile; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are different and are hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched haloalkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl substituted cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkoxy, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryloxy, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylthio, C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylcarbonyl, C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, trifluoromethyl, halo, C.sub.4 to C.sub.5 heteroaryl, C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 aryl, or biphenyl unsubstituted or substituted with methyl or halo, comprising heating said optically active carboxylic acid or ester thereof in the presence of water at a temperature of from about 40.degree. C.

Abstract: Photoinitiators having at least one terminal fluoroalkyl moiety are useful for photopolymerizing and photocuring fluorinated as well as non-fluorinated monomers, especially fluorinated acrylic monomers.

Abstract: A process for preparing halogenated compounds of formula RCY(Z)CH.sub.2 CH(X)C(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 COR.sup.1 where X, Y and Z are halo, R is alkyl, halo, haloalkyl or aryl, and R.sup.1 is hydroxy, halo, alkoxy, alkyl or haloalkyl, or the residue of a pyrethroidal alcohol, in which a compound of formula CH.sub.2 =CHC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 COR.sup.1 is reacted with a sulphonyl halide of formula RCY(Z)SO.sub.2 X. The process avoids the use of volatile halocarbons in the production of valuable intermediates for insecticides.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## can advantageously be prepared by reacting compounds the formula II ##STR2## in which the substituents R.sup.1 -R.sup.4 have the meanings given, with the anhydride of the formula III ##STR3## in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide and the acid corresponding to the anhydride of the formula III.

Abstract: A method for racemizing an optically active carboxylic acid, or ester thereof, of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are different and are hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched haloalkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl substituted cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkoxy, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryloxy, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylthio, C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylcarbonyl, C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, trifluoromethyl, halo, C.sub.4 to C.sub.5 heteroaryl, C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 aryl, or biphenyl unsubstituted or substituted with methyl or halo, comprising heating said optically active carboxylic acid or ester thereof in the presence of water at a temperature of from about 75.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of fluorinated carbonyl compounds from a fluorinated methyl or ethyl ether using tin tetrachloride as a catalyst. The fluorinated ether is contacted with the tin tetrachloride catalyst at a temperature between 0.degree. C. and 250.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl; ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is lower alkyl; R.sub.3 is phenyl, or phenyl substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, lower alkyl, and lower alkoxy; and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or methyl or the corresponding hydroxy acid of formula ##STR3## and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as described above; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said acid, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl ester of said acid, an acetylamino-substituted-C.sub.1-4 alkyl ester of said acid, a phenyl-dimethylamino ester of said acid or a .alpha.-monoglyceride of said acid.The compounds of formulas I and II are useful as agents for the treatment of hyperproliferative skin diseases such as psoriasis.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing compound represented by the general formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f, X, Y, W, Z, R.sub.1 -R.sub.3, l, m and n are as defined in the specifications. There are disclosed fluorine-containing compounds of specific structure which have in the molecule a fluoroalkyl ether end group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon end group and a carboxyl end group, and have molecular weights of hundreds to about 3,000; and a process for producing the fluorine-containing compounds. These fluorine-containing compounds can be utilized in magnetic recording media in the form of a lubricant composition.

Abstract: A process for reducing the molecular weight of polytetramethylene ether glycol without significant conversion of polytetramethylene ether glycol to tetrahydrofuran monomer is disclosed. The process involves a two-step procedure. The first step comprises reacting polytetramethylene ether glycol with a perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid to form a perfluoroalkyl ester of polytetramethylene ether glycol. That ester is, in the second step, converted back to polytetramethylene ether glycol of reduced molecular weight by hydrolysis or alcoholysis.

Abstract: A 2-fluoroisobutyric acid ester can be obtained at a high yield in one pot by reacting a 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid ester with fluorosulfuric acid in the absence or presence of a hydrogen fluoride source, or by reacting a 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid ester with chlorosulfuric acid in the presence of a hydrogen fluoride source.

Abstract: 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propene compounds which are useful in preparation of insecticidal, acaricidal and nematicidal arylpyrrole compounds are described. A method for the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propene compounds is presented.

Abstract: Novel fluorine-containing compounds and processes for producing the same are disclosed, the compounds being represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group or an alkylvinyl group; R.sup.2 represents a fluoroalkyl group; and Y represents a carboxyl group, a chloroformyl group, an alkoxyalkoxycarbonyl group or a hydroxymethyl group.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the alkoxylation of an active hydrogen-containing compound comprising contacting the active hydrogen-containing compound with an alkylene carbonate in the presence of a mixed metal oxide catalyst under conditions effective to alkoxylate the active hydrogen-containing compound.

Abstract: Herbicides of formula: ##STR1## in which: n=0,1, 2f=0,1A is chosen from the groups ##STR2## in which: Ar is chosen from the groups ##STR3## B is chosen from optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl and C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method for liquid phase fluorination for perfluorination of a wide variety of hydrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: The present invention discloses and exemplifies alcohol, ether and ester derivatives of difluoroalkanes and difluoroalkenylalkanes having the general formula R--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --CR.sup.2 R.sup.3 --OR.sup.1, in which R is a 1,1-difluoroalkyl or a 1,1-difluoroalkenyl group, composition thereof, and use thereof to control agricultural crop pests.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of .alpha.-fluoroacrylic acid derivatives from 2,2-difluoro-1-methyl-cyclopropyl compounds and new 1,1-difluoro-2-halogenoethyl (halogeno)methyl ketones obtainable in this process as intermediates.

Abstract: Photoinitiators having at least one terminal fluoroalkyl moiety are useful for photopolymerizing and photocuring fluorinated as well as non-fluorinated monomers, especially fluorinated acrylic monomers.

Abstract: A process for reducing the molecular weight of polytetramethylene ether glycol without significant conversion of polytetramethylene ether glycol to tetrahydrofuran monomer is disclosed. The process involves a two-step procedure. The first step comprises reacting polytetramethylene ether glycol with a perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid to form a perfluoroalkyl ester of polytetramethylene ether glycol. That ester is, in the second step, converted back to polytetramethylene ether glycol of reduced molecular weight by hydrolysis or alcoholysis.