Abstract: A method includes reacting a polymer derived from a lactone with a cyclic carbonate compound comprising 2 to 5 cyclic carbonate moieties and a catalyst to form a crosslinked polylactone elastomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst component for polymerization of an olefin comprising a compound represented by the Fischer projection of: wherein R5 is substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R6 and R7 are different and independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen and substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R5-R7 optionally containing one or more hetero-atoms replacing one or more carbon atoms, one or more hydrogen atom or both, wherein said hetero-atom is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus and halogen; and wherein the compound of Formula (I) is the only internal electron donor in the catalyst component.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive composition containing a resist compound having a high sensitivity, a high resolution, a high etching resistance, and a low outgas which forms a resist pattern with good shape and a method of forming a resist pattern and novel compositions for forming a photoresist under coat film which is excellent in optical properties and etching resistance and contains substantially no sublimable substance and an under coat film formed by the composition. Radiation-sensitive composition containing a solvent and a cyclic compound having, e.g., a cyclic compound (A) having a molecular weight of 700 to 5000 which is synthesized by the condensation reaction of a compound having 2 to 59 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 formyl groups with a compound having 6 to 15 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 phenolic hydroxyl groups, and a cyclic compound for use in the radiation-sensitive composition.

Abstract: Isocyanurate-reactive mixture obtained by reacting an anhydride and a polyol; process for making it; polyisocyanate composition comprising this mixture; binder composition comprising such a polyisocyanate composition; the use of such a polyisocyanate composition and/or binder composition for making a polyisocyanurate and such polyisocyanurates.

Abstract: Triglyceride and other polyol ester PVC plasticizers can be produced by recovery of branched C6 to C9 aldehydes from a hydroformylation product, optional hydrogenation to the alcohol, oxidation to the acid with oxygen and/or air, recovery of the resulting acid, and esterification with glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or mixtures thereof. The branched alkyl chains comprise at least 10% methyl branching. Special triglycerides are derived from branched aliphatic acids having alkyl chains with average carbon numbers from 6 to 9 and at least 10% methyl branching. These triglycerides are fast fusing plasticisers if before esterification with glycerol, an aryl acid is introduced together with the aliphatic acids.

Abstract: Provided is a novel polymerizable azomethine compound which has a high ?n and is colorless. The compound is represented by the formula (I). P1 and P2 each are a polymerizable group; m1 and m2 each are an integer of from 1 to 10; R1 and R2 each are an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an acyl group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an amide group having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a cyano group or a halogen atom; n1 and n2 each are an integer of from 0 to 4; R3 is a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Z1 and L1 each are a predetermined divalent group; n is 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to the functionalized polyethylene terephthalate polymers and functionalized derivatives of PET. More particularly, but not to be construed as limiting, the presently disclosed and claimed inventive concept(s) relate to lower molecular weight functionalized digested PET materials from digesting recycled and methods of making and using same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing hyperbranched polyhydroxybenzoic acid alkoxylates, comprising the steps of: (a) reacting at least one polyhydroxybenzoic ester with one or more alkylene oxides, optionally in the presence of a basic catalyst, (b) allowing the polyhydroxybenzoic ester alkoxylates formed in step (a) to react with transesterification to form hyperbranched polyhydroxybenzoic acid alkoxylates.

Abstract: A method for producing a polyester polyol is disclosed. The method comprises reacting phthalic anhydride with a diol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 2-meth-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, polyethylene glycols having a number average molecular weight within the range of 200 g/mol to 600 g/mol, and mixtures thereof at a diol to phthalic anhydride molar ratio within the range of 1.1 to 1.6. The resulting o-phthalate polyester polyol has a hydroxyl value in the range of 18 to 400 mg KOH/g, an acid value in the range of 0.2 to 5.0 mg KOH/g, and 1 wt. % or less of cyclic esters.

Abstract: Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment and prevention of stroke and the sequelae of stroke. Additional compositions and methods are provided which employ a phorbol ester or derivative compound in combination with at least one additional agent to yield more effective treatment tools to treat or prevent stroke and the long term effects of stroke in mammalian subjects.

Abstract: Polyester polyols are produced from at least one carboxylic acid hydride and diethylene glycol by a process in which the formation of 1,4-dioxane is suppressed. These polyester polyols are useful for producing polyurethane (PUR) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams and metal composite elements containing these PUR or PIR foams.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production and use of polyester polyols, formed from at least one carboxylic acid anhydride and ethylene glycol, wherein a specialized reaction control substantially suppresses the formation of 1,4-dioxane from diethylene glycol.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel electrochromic materials. The electrochromic materials produce various colors and have bistability to achieve red-green-blue full colors. Therefore, the electrochromic materials can be used in a variety of electrochromic devices. Also disclosed herein are electrochromic devices fabricated using the electrochromic materials.

Abstract: Isocyanurate-reactive mixture obtained by reacting an anhydride and a polyol; process for making it; polyisocyanate composition comprising this mixture; binder composition comprising such a polyisocyanate composition; the use of such a polyisocyanate composition and/or binder composition for making a polyisocyanurate and such polyisocyanurates.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods and materials useful for depolymerizing a polymer. In one embodiment, for example, the disclosure provides a method for depolymerizing a polymer containing electrophilic linkages, wherein the method comprises contacting the polymer with a nucleophilic reagent in the presence of a guanidine-containing compound. The methods and materials of the disclosure find utility, for example, in the field of waste reclamation and recycling.

Abstract: A polyester production process employing an esterification system that uses a distillation column to recover alcohol produced from an esterification zone and then utilizes the recovered alcohol to form a paste, which is recirculated back to the esterification zone with little or no cooling.

Abstract: Supported heterogeneous organotin catalysts of the formula X1, X2, or X3: wherein Z is a spacer group; Y is an insoluble phenyl-group containing copolymer; R1, R2, R3, R5, and R6 are independently selected from halogen, alkyl, alkylene, phenyl, vinyl, allyl, naphthyl, aralkyl, and Z; and R4 is alkyl, alkylene, phenyl, vinyl, allyl, naphthyl, or aralkyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and systems for the use of an oligomer recyclate from a depolymerization product stream. The oligomer byproduct of a polyester depolymerization reaction can be used as a reactant in the formation of a polyester. For example, linear oligomer byproduct can be used as a reactant in a solution polymerization to form a low-acid polyalkylene terephthalate.

Abstract: A hydraulic fluid of the present invention contains, as a base oil, an ester having two or more ring structures, the two or more ring structures being at least one selected from an aromatic ring and a saturated naphthenic ring. Particularly, the hydraulic fluid contains an ester having two or more aromatic rings as the base oil. The hydraulic fluid has low energy loss due to compression and exhibits excellent responsiveness when being used in a hydraulic circuit. Consequently, the hydraulic fluid realizes energy-saving, high-speed operation and high precision of control in the hydraulic circuit.

Abstract: Di-, tri-, and/or tetra-(meth)acryloyl-containing materials and compositions are provided. Such materials and compositions can preferably be hardened, without undue shrinkage, to provide hardened materials and/or compositions with properties useful, for example, in dental applications. In one aspect, the present invention provides a compound of the formula (Formula I) wherein: each X independently represents an oxygen atom (O) or a nitrogen atom (N); Y and A each independently represent an organic group, with the proviso that Y does not represent —NHCH2CH2— if (i) p=O and R1 represents —C(O)C(CH3)?CH2, and/or (ii) q=0 and R2 represents —C(O)C(CH3)?CH2; m=1 to 5; n=0 to 5; p and q are independently 0 or 1; and R1 and R2 each independently represent H, —C(O)CH?CH2, or —C(O)C(CH3)?CH2.

Abstract: The compound of the invention is represented by Formula (1a) or Formula (1b) wherein R1 is a monovalent group; P1 and P2 are a monovalent group having an acrylic group and a hydroxyl group; A1, A2, and B1 are a divalent cyclic group; X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1 and Y2 are a bonding group.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing low-acid polyalkylene terephthalate from which MPO can be advantageously manufactured. In certain embodiments, low-acid polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is prepared by reacting low molecular weight, diol-stopped PBT pre-polymer with a linear oligomer recyclate in refluxing ortho-dichlorobenzene (oDCB) solvent. The linear oligomer recyclate may be a by-product of the depolymerization/cyclization of the low-acid PBT, thereby synergistically increasing overall conversion of reactants to the MPO product, cyclic polybutylene terephthalate (cPBT).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of phenolic carboxylic acid derivatives catalysed by biocatalytic esterification, transesterification or amidation of a corresponding lower alkyl ester. Biocatalysis is performed in the presence of suitable enzymes, e.g. hydrolases, especially esterases, amidases, lipases and proteases.

Abstract: There is disclosed a friction reducing compound, comprising an intermediate adduct of a first moiety reacted in a first reaction with a second moiety to form the intermediate adduct and further esterifying or amidafying the intermediate adduct with a third moiety in a molar ratio of from about 1:2 to about 2:1, wherein the first moiety is an unsaturated synthetic dieneophilic base oil, wherein the second moiety is a compound having a diene conjugated carbon-carbon double bond and a carboxylic acid moiety or anhydride group, wherein the first reaction comprises mixing the first moiety with the second moiety in a molar ratio of from about 1:2 to about 2:1 under an inert atmosphere; and wherein the third moiety is a polyhydroxy compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of the formula I, II; III or IV wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1. These compounds are useful as surface modifiers for polymers in order to improve resistance to fog formation or water and oil repellency.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing esters of an acid component selected from among polybasic C4-C10 carboxylic acids and an alcohol component selected from among C3-C12 alkanols or from among C3-C12 alkanediols, the alkyl chain of which may have interruption by from 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, by a) heating at boiling point, in a reaction zone and in the presence of an esterification catalyst, a mixture essentially consisting of the acid component or of an anhydride thereof and of the alcohol component, b) using rectification to separate the vapor comprising alcohol and water into an alcohol-rich fraction and a water-rich fraction, and c) returning the alcohol-rich fraction into the reaction zone and conducting the water-rich fraction out of the process. The process is simple to carry out and permits rapid achievement of essentially quantitative conversion.

Abstract: Alkoxylated esters of dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acids have an anti-irritating activity measured as a reduction in intracellular leakage of sodium fluorescein of 15% or more at 1:50 dilution or 40% or more at 1:100 dilution from a test composition containing 5% of the alkoxylated ester. These alkoxylated esters are useful in cosmetic and personal care products, especially in products such as baby shampoos, hand dishwashing liquids and bubble bath preparations. A method of reducing irritation provides for application of an irritant with the alkoxylated esters to the subject in a personal care or cosmetic product.

Abstract: Bis-?-hydroxyethyl terephthalate having an optical density measured in a 10 wt % methanol solution at a measurement wavelength of 380 nm and a cell optical path length of 10 mm of 0.000 to 0.006. The present invention makes it clear that purified BHET having an optical density of 0.006 or less provides high-quality PET having excellent purity, whiteness and transparency.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester-ether polyols and their use in urethane prepolymers, urethane foams and non-foam urethane coatings, adhesives, sealants and/or elastomers. Methods for producing such polyester-ether polyols using double metal cyanide catalysts are disclosed, along with methods for producing urethane prepolymers. The polyester-ether polyols of the instant invention are preferably the reaction product of phthalic anhydride, diethylene glycol, and propylene oxide. These polyester-ether polyols are useful as either the primary polyol in urethane compositions or in combination with conventional auxiliary polyester- and/or polyether-based polyols. The polyester-ether polyols impart greatly improved solubility and compatibility to mixtures of either polyether and/or polyester polyols. The polyester-ether polyols of the instant invention are desirably of lower viscosity than their precursor intermediate polyester polyols and are generally soluble in either polyester- and/or polyether-based polyols.

Abstract: The polyester polyols according to the invention with an average equivalent weight in the range from 200 to 4,000, which were prepared by reacting &agr;,&ohgr;-dicarboxylic acids with butane 1,4-diol, hexane 1,6-diol, propane 1,3-diol or pentane 1,5-diol and with polyols having 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, are used for the preparation of PUR pourable elastomers with improved resistance to hydrolysis.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing a high-purity bis-&bgr;-hydroxyethyl terephthalate from crude terephthalic acid.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing high molecular weight polymer comprising the step of reacting one or more preformed linear polymers with one or more cores (as hereinbefore defined) to form high molecular weight polymers, wherein the preformed linear polymers are at a temperature in the range from the melting point of the preformed linear polymers to 330° C.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for purifying the crude aromatic dicarboxylic acids produced by oxidation of dialkyl aromatic hydrocarbons and for using the purified acids in the preparation of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and other polyesters. The invention simplifies the manufacturing process by converting the crude aromatic acids into bis-glycol esters in an esterification reactor 4, from which the esterified partial oxidation impurities present in the oxidation product are removed by distillation in distillation tower 5. After removal of the volatile impurities, the dicarboxylic acid esters can separated by distillation in distillation tower 6 or by crystallization and converted to polyesters by polycondensation. The volatile impurities removed as overhead from tower 5 can be recycled as stream 16 to the oxidation reactor where they act as oxidation promoters thereby optionally allowing for a bromine-free oxidation process for dialkyl aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention relates to a series of novel salt complexes that are made by neutralizing a fatty ammonium compound which is cationic with an anionic compound, producing a salt complex. The compounds of the present invention are water soluble, non-irritating to the eye and skin and are well suited to personal care applications.

Abstract: Alkoxylated esters of dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acids have an anti-irritating activity measured as a reduction in intracellular leakage of sodium fluorescein of 15% or more at 1:50 dilution or 40% or more at 1:100 dilution from a test composition containing 5% of the alkoxylated ester. These alkoxylated esters are useful in cosmetic and personal care products, especially in products such as baby shampoos, hand dishwashing liquids and bubble bath preparations. A method of reducing irritation provides for application of an irritant with the alkoxylated esters to the subject in a personal care or cosmetic product.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester-ether polyols and their use in urethane prepolymers, urethane foams and non-foam urethane coatings, adhesives, sealants and/or elastomers. Methods for producing such polyester-ether polyols are disclosed, along with methods for producing urethane prepolymers. The polyester-ether polyols of the instant invention are preferably the reaction product of phthalic anhydride, diethylene glycol, and propylene oxide. These polyester-ether polyols are useful as either the primary polyol in urethane compositions or in combination with conventional auxiliary polyester- and/or polyether-based polyols. The polyester-ether polyols impart greatly improved solubility and compatibility to mixtures of either polyether and/or polyester polyols. The polyester-ether polyols of the instant invention are desirably of lower viscosity than their precursor intermediate polyester polyols and are generally soluble in either polyester- and/or polyether-based polyols.

Abstract: A crystalline polyesterpolyol having a number average molecular weight of 1,500 to 15,000 and obtainable from a polybasic carboxylic acid component and an aliphatic hydrocarbon diol component comprising 1,10-decanediol and/or 1,12-dodecanediol, and a hot-melt adhesive comprising a reaction product of a polyisocyanate and a polyesterpolyol, which contains a crystalline polyesterpolyol having a number average molecular weight of 1,500 to 15,000 and obtainable from a polybasic carboxylic acid component and an aliphatic hydrocarbon diol component comprising 1,10-decanediol and/or 1,12-dodecanediol are provided.

Abstract: A process for producing high quality TPA suitable for PET feedstock material from recycled polyester. The process includes the steps of depolymerizing the polyester to form DMT; separating the DMT from secondary materials; and hydrolyzing the DMT to form TPA. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the recycled polyester is contacted with a component monomer or oligomer thereof to liquefy the polyester prior to depolymerizing the polyester.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for conditioning and cleaning hair, which comprises contacting the hair with an effective conditioning amount of a series of novel salt complexes. These complexes provide outstanding conditioning effects to the hair and are very mild to the eye. The complexes are made by neutralizing a fatty ammonium compound that is cationic with an anionic compound, producing a salt complex. Optionally, the complex can be combined with dimethicone copolyol to produce extremely mild products suitable for use in shampoos, body washes, and cleanser. The mildness makes these compounds of particular interest in baby shampoos.

Abstract: The invention relates to a one-step process for the preparation of acryloyl group-containing liquid-crystalline monomers of the general formula (1) (Z—Y1—A2—Y2—)mM(—O—A1-acrylate)n  (1) in which mesogenic alcohols of the general formula (2) (Z—Y1—A2—Y2—)mM(OH)n  (2) are reacted with esters of 3-chloropropionic acid of the general formula (3) ClPr—A1—X  (3) with elimination of HCl, where acrylate is an acrylate radical, ClPr is a 3-chloropropionate radical, A1 are identical or different alkyl chain spacers having 2-20 carbon atoms, in which the carbon chain may be interrupted by non-adjacent ether, thioether, or imino groups, A2 are radicals A1 or single chemical bonds, M is a mesogenic group, X is a leaving group, Z are alkyl radicals or crosslinkable groups, Y1 and Y2, independently of one another, are a single chemical bond, —O—, —S—, —O—CO—, —CO

Abstract: Novel acid-blocked amine catalysts and their use in the preparation of polyurethanes. The acid-blocked amine catalysts have the general structure shown below: wherein A is the residue of an organic acid anhydride; R1 is H or C1 to C6 alkyl; R2 is H or C1 to C6 alkyl; n is an integer of 0 to 10; and B is a compound containing a protonated amine and one or more primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a series of novel salt complexes that are made by neutralizing a fatty ammonium compound which is cationic with an anionic compound, producing a salt complex. The compounds of the present invention are water soluble, non-irritating to the eye and skin and are well suited to personal care applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to powder coating compositions which can be cured at low temperatures. The powder coating composition of the invention include a unique combination of a branched oligoester polyol and uretdione crosslinking agent which when cured results in a coating binder with desirable hardness, flexibility, solvent resistance, corrosion resistance, weatherability and gloss.

Abstract: The present invention deals with the composition, and application of novel carboxylated polymers, and complexes thereof. The complexes are made by a series of reactions which include reaction of an anhydride with an allyl alcohol alkoxylate, polymerization of the carboxylated allyl alkoxylate, then formation of a complex of the poly carboxylate with quaternary compounds.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improved process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein R is alkyl, n is 0 to 2, m is 1 to 4 and A is alkyl, interrupted or uninterrupted alkylene, alkanetriyl or pentaerythrityl, by transesterifying the corresponding lower alkyl with a higher alkanol of the formula A-(OH)m in the presence of a tin catalyst; wherein the improvement comprises reacting the tin catalyzed transesterification reaction mass with a carboxylic acid or hydrate thereof neat, in the absence of an aqueous medium, until the tin catalyst forms an insoluble derivative, and then separating the insoluble derivative from the reaction mass by filtration without the assistance of a filtration aid. The invention allows for a convenient method by which to remove the residual tin catalyst from the substituted hydroxyphenylcarboxylic acid ester compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: A polyester-polyol prepared by polycondensation of an acid component comprising terephthalic acid and adipic acid, and a polyhydric alcohol component, wherein the molar ratio of the terephthalic acid/adipic acid is 0.05 to 0.3; a process for preparing a polyurethane foam comprising reacting a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component, wherein the polyol component contains the above polyester-polyol; and a process for preparing a polyurethane foam comprising reacting an isocyanate prepolymer made of a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component (I) with a polyol component (II), wherein the polyol component (I) comprises the above polyester-polyol.

Abstract: Esterification of an ultra-low unsaturation polyoxy(higher)alkylene polyol with a dicarboxylic acid or reactive derivative thereof to form a poly(half ester) followed by capping the poly(half ester) with a capping agent capable of forming an amide linkage or ester linkage while retaining primary hydroxyl functionality, generates high primary hydroxyl content polyols with substantially retained hydrophile/lipophile balance and low polydispersity. Low color products having primary hydroxyl contents in excess of 80 equivalent percent may be routinely achieved.

Abstract: Inks, particularly inks for ink jet printing, contain at least one compound of the formula I ##STR1## as a stabilizer. The symbols R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.3 ' and R.sub.4 ' are as defined in claim 1. The compounds are in part novel and are suitable for use as light stabilizers for organic materials.

Abstract: Additives which improve the low-temperature properties of distillate fuels are the reaction products of (1) diols, and (2) the product of pyromellitic dianhydride and combinations of two or more different aminoalcohols with long-chain hydrocarbyl groups attached.

Abstract: Additives which improve the low-temperature properties of distillate fuels are the reaction products of (1) diols, and (2) the product of pyromellitic dianhydride and aminoalcohols and amines with long-chain hydrocarbyl groups attached.