Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of halogenated carboxylic anhydrides, e.g. for the preparation of trifluoroacetic anhydride. The preparation is achieved by reacting a halogenated carboxylic acid, e.g. trifluoroacetic acid, with sulfuric acid, oleum and/or disulfuric acid.

Abstract: An aminoalkylthiosulfuric acid compound represented by formula (1): is produced. In step (A1), a hydrochloride of a chloroalkylamine compound represented by formula (2): is reacted with an alkali metal salt of thiosulfuric acid in the presence of 2 to 6 parts by weight of water with respect to 1 part by weight of the hydrochloride between 50° C. and 100° C. R1 and R2 each represents a hydrogen atom and the like, and n represents an integer of 2 to 9. In step (B1), a mixture of a solid containing the aminoalkylthiosulfuric acid compound and a liquid containing an alkali metal chloride is obtained by adjusting the temperature of the mixture of step (A1) to between ?15° C. and 50° C. In step (C1), the aminoalkylthiosulfuric acid compound is obtained as solid by separating the solid containing the aminoalkylthiosulfuric acid compound and the liquid containing the alkali metal chloride from the mixture of (B1).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to compounds, methods of making compositions (used as a linker or a linker moiety), structures having the compound covalently bonded to the surface of the structure, methods of attaching the compound to the surface of the structure having —OH functionality (e.g., Calkyl-OH), methods of decreasing the amount of microorganisms formed on a structure, and the like.

Abstract: A process for producing particles, the process including pulverizing particles of a compound represented by formula (I) with a median diameter (50% D) of over 100 ?m by using a pulverizer in the presence of at least one member selected from the group consisting of silica, talc and clay, to obtain particles of the compound represented by formula (I) with a median diameter (50% D) of 100 ?m or less, in formula (I), R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or alternatively, R1 and R2 are inked to each other to form a ring together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, m represents an integer of 2 to 9, Mn+ represents H+ or an n-valent metal ion, and n represents an integer of 1 or 2.

Abstract: Use of S-(3-aminopropyl)thiosulfuric acid and/or a metal salt thereof for improving the viscoelastic properties of a vulcanized rubber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat-curable composition comprising (a) at least one compound which is capable of undergoing cationic polymerization; and (b) at least one sulfonium sulfate selected from compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib where Yn? is a monovalent or divalent anion selected from (1) where n, M, R1 to R10 are as defined in claim 1 and in the description. The present invention also relates to novel sulfonium sulfates of the formulae Ia and Ib, to a process for curing cationically polymerizable material and to the cured material obtained by said process.

Abstract: Cinnamic acid-based oligomers and therapeutic uses thereof are provided. The oligomers are used as anti-inflammation agents, inhibitors of elastase and anti-oxidants, and in some cases (e.g. the treatment of lung disorders such as lung cancer) all three activities are simultaneously beneficial. Subsets of the oligomers (e.g. ?-O4 and ?-5 trimers and tetramers) are used as anticoagulants.

Abstract: Aqueous composition containing a) at least one compound containing carbamoylsulphonate groups and b) at least one nonionic alkoxylated polyol containing ester groups and having an HLB value of at least 13 (b1) and/or alkylglycoside (b2).

Abstract: Cinnamic acid-based oligomers and therapeutic uses thereof are provided. The oligomers are used as anti-inflammation agents, inhibitors of elastase and anti-oxidants, and in some cases (e.g. the treatment of lung disorders such as lung cancer) all three activities are simultaneously beneficial. Subsets of the oligomers (e.g. ?-O4 and ?-5 trimers and tetramers) are used as anticoagulants.

Abstract: The present invention provides reactive surfactants of the formula R1O—(CH2CHR2O)x—(CH2CH2O)y—(CH2CHR3O)z—R4 where R1 is either alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or aralkylaryl of 8-30 carbon atoms, R2 is —CH2OCH2CH?CH2 (AGE); R3 is either H, CH3, or CH2CH3; R4 is H or —SO3M or —PO3M where M is H or K, Na, NH4, NR4, alkanolamine, or other cationic species and x=2-100; y=4-200 and z=0-50.

Abstract: The present invention provides a resin modifier capable of obtaining a coating film having satisfactory basic performances such as antistatic properties, water resistance and transparency, a method for producing a coating film using the resin modifier, and a coating film obtained by the production method. The resin modifier of the present invention is a resin modifier represented by R31—O-(AO)n—SO3?, R32—OSO3?, or R33—SO3? and an ammonium ion that has a polymerizable unsaturated group.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for synthesizing lysine based compounds of the formula; wherein R1 may be, for example, (HO)2P(O)—, (NaO)2P(O)—, wherein X may be, for example, NH2, Y may be H, F, Cl, or Br, and wherein n, X?, Y?, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as defined herein.

Abstract: This invention pertains generally to the field of chemical synthesis and purification, and more specifically to methods of synthesizing and purifying certain 3,7-diamino-phenothiazin-5-ium compounds (referred to herein as “diaminophenothiazinium compounds”) including Methylthioninium Chloride (MTC) (also known as Methylene Blue). In one embodiment, the e//i method comprises the steps of in order: a thiosulfonic acid formation (TSAF) as illustrated below, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a thio sulfate and an oxidizing agent that is or comprises persulfate an oxidative coupling (OC); and a ring closure (RC). The resulting compounds and compositions comprising them (e.g., tablets, capsules) are useful in methods of medical treatment and diagnosis, etc., for example, tauopathies, or Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Abstract: Cinnamic acid-based oligomers and therapeutic uses thereof are provided. The oligomers are used as anti-inflammation agents, inhibitors of elastase and anti-oxidants, and in some cases (e.g. the treatment of lung disorders such as lung cancer) all three activities are simultaneously beneficial. Subsets of the oligomers (e.g. ?-O4 and ?-5 trimers and tetramers) are used as anticoagulants.

Abstract: A modified magnesium oxysulfate fibrous particles in which the magnesium oxysulfate fibrous particles are treated on their surfaces with a nucleating agent such as a phosphoric acid compound, an organic acid compound or a sorbitol compound can be favorably employed as fillers for polyolefin composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to alkyl ether sulfate salts of the general formula I RO—(CH2CH2O)x—(CH2—CHR1O)y—(CH2CH2O)zSO3?M+??(I), where R is an unbranched or branched C8-C18-alkyl radical or mixtures of different unbranched or branched C8-C18-alkyl radicals, R1 is an aliphatic radical selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl, M+ is a cation, selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, NH4+ and HNR23+, where R2 is selected from the group consisting of unbranched or branched alkyl radicals, CH2CH2OH and CH2CH(OH)CH3, x has a mean value of 0-3, y has a mean value of 1-10, z has a mean value of 0-30, and the quotient A = c ? ? m ? ? c ? ( RO - ( CH 2 ? CH 2 ? O ) z ? SO 3 - ? M + ) c ? ? m ? ? c ( RO - ( CH 2 ? CH 2 ? O ) x - ( CH 2 - CHR 1 ? O ) y - ( CH 2 ? CH 2 ? O ) z ? SO 3 - ? M + ) ? ? is > 1 and to their use as anion surfactant component in laundry detergents

Abstract: Methods, compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and kits are described for treating or preventing amyloid-+related disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to aromatically substituted glycerine ethers of formula (I), wherein at least one of the radicals R1, R2, or R3 is or contains an aromatic group. Said compounds can be used, preferably, as surface-active agents.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an ion-dissociative functional compound, a method for production thereof, an ionic conductor, and an electrochemical device, the ion-dissociative functional compound being thermally and chemically stable under the condition required of fuel cells and being suitable for use as a material such as protonic conductor in fuel cells. The proton-dissociative functional compound shown in FIG. 1A is composed of a fullerene C60 molecule and about 10 sulfonic acid groups —SO3H as proton-dissociative groups each attached to the fullerene through a difluoromethane group —CF2—. The proton-dissociative functional compound shown in FIG. 1B is composed of fullerene molecules three-dimensionally connected to each other through a linking group —CF2SO2NHSO2CF2—. It contains, as the proton-dissociative group, sulfoneimide groups —SO2NHSO2— and sulfoneamide groups —SO2H2 in addition to sulfonic acid groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of general formula I wherein M represents hydrogen, or a metallic cation, preferably an alkaline metal, or alkaline-earth metal, and n is equal to 1, 2 or 3. The present invention also comprises compounds of general formula I in their equilibrium forms, including lactonic forms, their enantiomers in pure form, or in an enriched form in one of the optical isomers, racemic mixtures, diastereomers and solvates thereof. The present invention further relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of general formula I, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of general formula I as only active ingredient, or in association with other active ingredients. Another aspect of the invention is the use of compounds of general formula I for the treatment of dyslipidemia, associated, or not, to other metabolic disorders, such as glucose intolerance syndrome and type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, by means of isolated administration or combined with other substances.

Abstract: A detergent composition having cold water solubility and exhibiting high calcium tolerance can be produced from biodegradable branched ether derivative compositions derived from a branched ether primary alcohol represented by the formula: wherein R1 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R2 represents a hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, x is a number ranging from 0 to 16, preferably from 3 to 13, wherein the total number of carbon atoms in the alcohol ranges from 9 to 24.

Abstract: A single-stage method for producing &agr;-hydroxy ethers by oxidizing olefinic substrates with organic hydroperoxides and opening the resultant oxirane ring by means of monovalent or polyvalent alcohols wherein a molybdenum compound in combination with a compound selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride, aluminum oxides, 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene or 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane, and mixtures thereof is used as a catalyst system.

Abstract: A process for preparing amphiphilic compounds having at least two hydrophilic and at least two hydrophobic groups by reacting an olefinic substrate having at least two double bonds with an organic hydroperoxide to form an oxirane ring, opening, the oxirane ring with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a molybdenum compound as a first catalyst component and a second catalyst component selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride, alumina, 1,8-diazzabicyclo-(5.4.0)-undec-7-ene, 1,4-diazabicyclo-(2,2,2)-octane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing substituted benzoyl chlorides of the formula (1) 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (1), wherein R1 is phenyl, naphthyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, (iso)quinolinyl, tetrahydro(iso)quinolinyl, 3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolinyl, chromanyl or the camphor group, which groups may optionally be substituted with one or more substitutents selected from (1-8C)alkyl or (1-8C)alkoxy; R2 and R3 are independently H or (1-8C)alkyl; R4 is (1-8C)alkyl or (3-8C)cycloalkyl; or R3 and R4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded are a nonaromatic (4-8)membered ring optionally containing another heteroatom, the ring optionally being substituted with (1-8C)alkyl or SO2-(1-8C)alkyl; Q is a spacer having a chain length of 10 to 70 atoms; and Z is a negatively charged oligosaccharide residue comprising two to six monosaccharide units, the charge being compensated by positively charged counterions; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: A single-stage method for producing &agr;-hydroxy ethers by oxidizing olefinic substrates with organic hydroperoxides and opening the resultant oxirane ring by means of monovalent or polyvalent alcohols wherein a molybdenum compound in combination with a compound selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride, aluminum oxides, 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene or 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane, and mixtures thereof is used as a catalyst system.

Abstract: The invention relates to amphiphilic compounds of the general formula (I) with at least two hydrophilic and at least two hydrophobic groups based on di, oligo or polyolethers. The amphiphilic compounds of this invention are highly surface active and are suitable as emulsifiers, demulsifiers, detergents, dispersants and hydrotropes for industrial and domestic purposes, e.g. in the fields of metalworking, ore separation, surface treatment, washing and cleaning, cosmetics, medicine and food processing and preparation.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel S-(4-biphenyl)-thiosulfuric acids and their salts, to a method for producing them from S-(4-biphenyl)-thiosulfinic acids and their salts, and to a method for producing 4-mercaptobiphenyls from the S-(4-biphenyl)-thiosulfuric acids and their salts.

Abstract: The invention relates to amphiphilic compounds of the general formula (I) with at least two hydrophilic and at least two hydrophobic groups based on di, oligo or polyolethers. The amphiphilic compounds of this invention are highly surface active and are suitable as emulsifiers, demulsifiers, detergents, dispersants and hydrotropes for industrial and domestic purposes, e.g. in the fields of metalworking, ore separation, surface treatment, washing and cleaning, cosmetics, medicine and food processing and preparation.

Abstract: Novel medicinally-useful compounds are provided herein. These compounds include isomeric cyclic tetramers of formaldehyde and 1-naphthol, and the derivatives or analogues of such cyclic tetramers, and linear oligomers of chromotropic acid, or its derivatives or analogues with naphthalene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an amine compound represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent individually a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl group which may be substituted by a hydroxyl group, X.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene or alkenylene group which may be substituted by a hydroxyl, sulfonic or carboxyl group, Y.sup.1 represents a carboxyl or sulfonic group, or a sulfuric acid residue, Y.sup.2 represents a hydroxyl group, a sulfuric acid residue or a group --OCO--X.sup.1 --COOH, Z represents a sulfoalkyl group or a group obtained by removing an amino group from an amino acid or a salt thereof, and n represents a number of 0 or 1, or a salt or quaternized product thereof, an intermediate useful for the preparation thereof, and detergent compositions containing such an amine compound.

Abstract: Inhibition of farnesyl transferase, which is an enzyme involved in ras oncogene expression, and inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, are effected by compounds of the formula ##STR1## their enantiomers, diastereomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, and solvates, wherein:x is --ONR.sup.1 C(O)--, --N(OR.sup.1)C(O)--, --NR.sup.1 C(O)--, --C(O)NR.sup.1 --, --NR.sup.1 S(O.sub.2)--, --C(O)O--, --OC(O)--, --C(O)--, --O--, --NR.sup.1 -- or --(S).sub.q --;Y is --CO.sub.2 R.sup.2, --SO.sub.3 R.sup.2 or --P(O) (OR.sup.2) (R.sup.3);R is alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkenylene or aryl;R.sup.3 is --(O).sub.t R.sup.4 ;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or aralkyl;m and n are each independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 5;p and t are each independently 0 or 1; andq is an integer from 1 to 2.

Abstract: Process for the production of a neutral-tasting paste of an alkyl ether sulfate in glycerol, comprising the steps of:A) forming an aqueous paste of at least one alkyl ether sulfate wherein the aqueous paste contains from about 25 to about 75% by weight of alkyl ether sulfate;B) adding glycerol to the aqueous paste from step A) in from about 1 to about 4 times the quantity by weight of the aqueous paste;C) distilling off substantially all of the water present in the mixture resulting from step B) to produce a substantially ambydrous paste; andD) passing steam heated to a temperature above 100.degree. C. through skid paste with intensive whirling of the paste and steam phases.

Abstract: p-phenylenediamines having a quaternary ammonium group and substituted with an electron withdrawing group, derivatives thereof, compositions containing same, and their use as developers for dyeing keratinous fibers, are disclosed.

Abstract: Oil-in-water emulsions (microemulsions) containing 0.01-80% by weight of at least one agrochemical active substance of low water-solubility, one active substance for combating pests in the domestic and hygiene sector and/or one pharmacologically active substance, 1% to 30% by weight of an emulsifier mixture of non, ionic and anionic compounds and at least one alkylarylsulfonic acid salt, as defined in the description, as well as water and, if appropriate, 1% to 30% by weight of at least one solvent of low water-miscibility and/or one solubilizer, and if appropriate 0.05% to 15% by weight of additives, the sum of the components in each case being 100% by weight, a process for the preparation of these aqueous microemulsions and their use.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, phenyl, sulfo, sulfato, thiosulfato, cyano or halogen, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or phenyl or naphthyl which both are unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkanoylamino, benzoylamino, halogen or sulfo, R.sub.3 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, phenyl, sulfo, sulfato, thiosulfato, cyano or halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or phenoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: Diazonium compounds are disclosed which correspond to the formula ##STR1## in which Y' is vinyl, .beta.-hydroxyethyl of an ethyl group having a substituent in the .beta.-position which is eliminated by means of alkali, R is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, carboxy or halogen, n is the number 0, 1 or 2, M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, and An is an anion, and wherein the diazonium group is bound in the meta- or para-position to the nitrogen of the benzotriazole radical.Also disclosed is a process for the preparation of the diazonium compounds. The compounds are useful as diazo components for the preparation of azo compounds by a coupling reaction.

Abstract: The removal of oxidizable organic impurities which include alkylthiolsulfonate from alkanesulfonic acids by treatment with an ozone containing gas is disclosed. The treated products have improved color and odor and exhibit improved long-term color stability.