Abstract: The present invention relates generally to compositions with a health benefit. In particular, the invention relates to the field of brain health, for example brain protection, maintenance of cognitive function, prevention of cognitive decline and prevention of cognitive disorders. A subject matter of the invention is a composition comprising 4-oxo-2-pentenoic acid for use in the treatment or prevention of cognitive decline.

Abstract: The present invention relates to wound dressings having a wound contacting layer that contains a wound healing composition and which is adapted to maintain a temperature different from ambient, for example achieve and maintain a heat-absorbing effect on the underlying tissues. The specific physico-chemical structure of the devices of the invention allows fluid containment and absorption of wound secretions while avoiding skin macerations.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention relates methods for inhibiting or preventing muscle atrophy or increasing muscle mass by providing to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of ursolic acid, a derivative thereof, or an analog of the ursane scaffold. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Abstract: Neurite outgrowth-promoting prostaglandins (NEPPs) and other electrophilic compounds bind to Keap1, a negative regulator of the transcription factor Nrf2, and prevent Keap1-mediated inactivation of Nrf2 and, thus, enhance Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus of neuronal cells. Therefore, neuroprotective compositions and related methods are provided that employ such neuroprotective compounds, and prodrugs of such compounds, to cause dissociation of Nrf2 from a Keap1/Nrf2 complex.

Abstract: Neurite outgrowth-promoting prostaglandins (NEPPs) and other electrophilic compounds bind to Keap1, a negative regulator of the transcription factor Nrf2, and prevent Keap1-mediated inactivation of Nrf2 and, thus, enhance Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus of neuronal cells. Therefore, neuroprotective compositions and related methods are provided that employ such neuroprotective compounds, and prodrugs of such compounds, to cause dissociation of Nrf2 from a Keap1/Nrf2 complex.

Abstract: Provided are a triterpene derivative represented by a general formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an agent for preventing or treating chronic hepatitis C comprising the triterpene derivative or the salt as an active ingredient: [in the formula (I), R1 represents a carboxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, —CH2OSO3H, or and R2 represents —OR3 or —O— (CH2) m-OR4, where R3 represents a benzyl group which may be substituted with a hydroxymethyl group, a dimethylaminomethyl group, a phenylaminomethyl group, a morpholinomethyl group, a carboxyl group, or a formyl group, a C1-6 alkyl group, a C2-6 alkenyl group, a C2-6 alkynyl group, or a hydroxy C1-6 alkyl group, R4 represents a phenyl group which may be substituted with a carboxyl group, and m represents an integer of 1 to 3, with the proviso that a case where R1 is —CH2OH, and R3 is a C1-6 alkyl group, a C2-6 alkenyl group, or a benzyl group is excluded].

Abstract: Compounds having drug and bio-affecting properties, their pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use are set forth. In particular, modified C-3 betulinic acid and other structurally related natural products derivatives that possess unique antiviral activity are provided as HIV maturation inhibitors. These compounds are useful for the treatment of HIV and AIDS.

Abstract: A cardiac myocyte protective agent, comprising a compound represented by the formula (Ia) below, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof:

Abstract: Compounds according to Formula (I) are described along with compositions containing the same and methods of use thereof for the treatment of viral infections.

Abstract: Neurite outgrowth-promoting prostaglandins (NEPPs) and other electrophilic compounds bind to Keap1, a negative regulator of the transcription factor Nrf2, and prevent Keap1-mediated inactivation of Nrf2 and, thus, enhance Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus of neuronal cells. Therefore, neuroprotective compositions and related methods are provided that employ such neuroprotective compounds, and prodrugs of such compounds, to cause dissociation of Nrf2 from a Keap1/Nrf2 complex.

Abstract: Several ursolic acid derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are provided. The ursolic acid derivatives and the pharmaceutical compositions thereof have at least one of an anticancer and an anti-inflammatory effects. A method for increasing a reactive oxygen species in a cell is also provided. The method comprises a step of providing the cell with a pharmaceutical composition including an ursolic acid derivative.

Abstract: High-throughput methods are provided for quantitatively measuring the modulation of heat shock protein (HSP) expression in a cell by exposing the cell to at least one stress and measuring cellular stress responses. High-throughput methods for identifying modulators (activators or inhibitors) of HSP or HSF expression in a cell by treating the cell with an agent, such as a compound or composition, exposing the cell to a stress, and measuring responses of the cell to the stress in the presence or absence of the agent are also provided. Devices useful in performing high-throughput methods of the invention, and modulators identified using such methods, are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (IIIo): in which n is an integer from 1 to 5; Ao represents a partially saturated carbonaceous bi- or tricycle; it also relates to their salts, solvates, N-oxides, the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, a method for their preparation and synthesis intermediates in this method.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a novel crystal of a novel triterpene derivative, a method for producing the crystals, and a pharmaceutical preparation obtained by using the crystals.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and compositions useful for controlling bacterial biofilms as well as for controlling and/or preventing bacterial infections. The compounds of the invention are pentacyclic acid triterpenes. Methods for controlling biofilms and for controlling and/or preventing bacterial infections are also disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein are chemical compounds and pharmaceutical compositions, including novel chemical compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, useful in the treatment of various diseases and disease states. Also described are methods of synthesizing natural products and novel, structurally-related chemical compounds. More particularly, disclosed are new analogs of and processes for the preparation of compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof useful in the treatment of, for example, inflammation, cancer, multiple myeloma, cachexia, cardiovascular disease, anti-infectious, diabetes, otitis media, sinusitis and transplant rejection.

Abstract: Substituted taraxastanes useful for treating viral infections, are provided herein. Thus, in a first aspect, the invention provides compounds of Formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables R1, R2, and X are defined herein. The compounds described herein are thought to act by inhibiting retroviral maturation, including maturation of encapsulated retroviruses viruses, such as the HIV viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds of Formula I are included herein. Methods of using such compounds to treat human patients infected with an HIV virus and reducing the mortality of AIDS are also provided herein.

Abstract: Two compounds namely ent-pimmarane 8(14),15-diene-19 oic acid (compound 1) and ent-pimmarane 7(8),9(11),15-diene-19 oic acid (compound 2) were isolated from Lavatera cachmeriania, these compounds, in vitro, significantly inhibited the growth of number of human cancer cell lines (CNS : SK-N-MC, Colon : HT-29, Lung : A-549 , Liver: Hep-2, Ovary: OVCAR-5, Prostate: PC-3) representing different organs.

Abstract: Novel tricyclic-bis-enone derivatives (TBEs) as well as the process for the preparation of such TBEs are provided. Also provided are methods for prevention and/or treatment of cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and all other diseases whose pathogenesis is believed to involve excessive production of either nitric oxide (NO) or prostaglandins or the overexpression of iNOS or COX-2 genes or gene products. Further, methods for the synthesis of the TBE compounds of the invention utilize cheap commercially available reagents and are highly cost effective and amenable to scale-up. Additional high efficiency synthetic methods that utilize novel intermediates as well as the synthesis of these intermediates are also provided. Furthermore, the invention also provides methods for designing novel and water-soluble TBEs.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula where the symbols have the meaning defined in the specification, have retinoid, retinoid antagonist and/or retinoid inverse-agonist-like biological activity.

Abstract: Novel compounds are disclosed that have the following chemical structures, and prodrug esters and acid-addition salts thereof, that are useful as Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-&agr; modulators, and thus are useful in the treatment of various diseases.

Abstract: A cyclic compound comprising m units of the formula Ia. and n units of the formula (Ib) joined together to form a ring, wherein Y and y2 are divalent bridging groups which may be the same or different in each unit; Ro is H or (C1-C6) alkyl or is a metal or amnmonium cation; R5 is H or (C1-C60) alkyl or OH group; j is 1 or 2; R3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group; each of R1, R2 and R4, which may be the same or different, is hydroxyl, hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl, with the provisos that i) at least one of R1, R2, R4 is hydroxyl, and m +n is 4 to 20, m is 1-8 and n is at least 3, and ii) in formula Ia at least one OH group is in the meta or para position to the COORo group and/or at least one R5 group is OH.

Abstract: A tetrahydrofluorene, which is represented by the following formula (I) wherein R1 to R6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or R1 and R2 are combined together to represent ═O, ═N or ═S, R7 and R8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, is subjected to a hydrogen transfer reaction in the presence of a hydrogen acceptor and a catalyst, whereby a fluorene and a hydride of the hydrogen acceptor are formed at the same time.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which inhibit an envelope virus by inhibiting the fusion of the virus with the host cell. The virus may be inhibited in an infected cell, a cell susceptible of infection or a mammal in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which inhibit an envelope virus by inhibiting the fusion of the virus with the host cell. The virus may be inhibited in an infected cell, a cell susceptible of infection or a mammal in need thereof.

Abstract: Novel cyclic amino acids which are useful in preparing biologically active peptides as well as a process for the preparation of D and L enantiomers of the cyclic amino acids are described where an N-protected derivative of the racemic cyclic amino acid is treated with (-)cinchonidine and the resulting salt resolved into the desired enantiomers, as well as derivatives thereof and valuable intermediates used in the process.

Abstract: Acylation or sulphonylation of aromatic compounds, one of which is selected from aromatic carboxylic and sulphonic acids and esters and anhydrides thereof, using an aluminosilicate catalyst having acidic sites.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of antimicrobial activity of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkanoyl,R.sup.2 is hydrogen or ##STR2## in which R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are hydrogen or lower alkanoyl,R.sup.3 is carboxy or a protected carboxy, and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable esters thereof, wherein rings A and B are selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## wherein x represents an aromatic ring, or the presence or absence of 0, 1, or 2 conjugated or unconjugated .pi. bond(s), andwherein x represents the presence or absence of 0, 1, or 2 conjugated or unconjugated .pi. bond(s), andwherein a non-aromatic .pi. bond, if present, may optionally be converted to an epoxide;and wherein the dotted line represents the presence or absence of a .pi. bond,and wherein:R.sup.1 is H, acyl(1-6), or alkyl(1-6);R.sup.2 is H, alkyl(1.varies.6), 2-propynyl, or allenyl;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is each independently H or OR.sup.5, wherein R.sup.5 is H, acyl(1-6), or alkyl(1-6); andwherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is each independently H, alkyl(1-6) or is --C.tbd.CR.sub.3, --CH.dbd.CHR.sub.3, or --CH.dbd.C.dbd.CHR.sub.3, wherein R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of H, halo, CF.sub.

Abstract: What is described is an improved opto-electronic component and display which uses novel liquid crystal nematic substances for the control of the light transmission and for the display of numbers symbols and images. The novel nematic liquid crystal substances herein, which exhibit high clearing temperatures, low working temperatures and rapid switching times, are 7-alkyl-perhydrophenanthren-2-carboxylic acids and esters thereof.

Abstract: The invention is directed to 3-oxo-D-homosteroids and derivatives thereof which are useful as antiantigens.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel 13,14-dihydro-inter-3,7-inter-m-phenylene-4,5,6-trinor-3-oxa-9-deoxy-9-met hylene-19-oxo-PGF.sub.1 compounds, which are useful for a variety of pharmacological purposes, e.g., antiasthmatic indications.

Abstract: 3.beta.-Hydroxy-18.beta.-olean-9-en-30-oic acids having anti-ulcer activity of the formula ##STR1## compositions containing the same and process for their preparation.

Abstract: Pharmaceutically active compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or aromatic mono- or poly-carboxylic acid acyl radical and R.sub.5 represents a glycosyl group, are provided together with processes for their production and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. These compounds possess valuable cicatrizing and anti-inflammatory properties.