Abstract: A method of extracting CBD, THC, desirable oils, and other compounds from the cannabis plant includes drying the plant, grinding or chopping the plant, mixing the resulting pieces of the plant with a fluid to form a mixture, circulating the mixture through a controlled cavitation reactor to liberate CBD, THC, desirable oils, and other compounds from the pieces, and separating the liberated CBD, THC, desirable oils, and other compounds from the fluid. The method may be used as an adjunct to or in combination with traditional extraction techniques such as leaching to increase yields.

Abstract: A thiolation method for modifying nanodiamonds includes steps as follows. A carboxylation step is provided, wherein the nanodiamonds are reacted with an oxidant for generating carboxyl groups on surfaces of the nanodiamonds so as to form carboxylated nanodiamonds. A hydroxylation step is provided, wherein the carboxyl groups of the carboxylated nanodiamonds are transformed into hydroxyl groups so as to transform the carboxylated nanodiamonds into hydroxylated nanodiamonds. A thiolation step is provided. In the thiolation step, the hydroxylated nanodiamonds, a sulfur source and a first acidic substance are mixed and then stirred so as to form a first mixture, the first mixture is added portion-wisely into an alkaline solution so as to form a second mixture, and the second mixture is acidified so as to form an acidified solution having a pH value ranging from 2 to 3, thus the hydroxylated nanodiamonds are transformed into thiolated nanodiamonds.

Abstract: Compounds and methods useful for chemopreventative treatment of diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, and multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for enhancing the biosynthesis and/or secretion of sapogenins in the culture medium of plant and microbial cell cultures. Further, the disclosure also relates to the identification of novel genes involved in the biosynthesis of sapogenin intermediates, as well as to novel sapogenin compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain polyhydroxylated pentacyclic triterpene acids of formula (I) for use as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in the prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment of a disease, disorder or condition that responds to a reduction of the HMG-CoA reductase activity in a mammal, preferably a human being. The present invention further relates to certain mixtures and plant extracts comprising euscaphic acid and tormentic acid, wherein the amount of euscaphic acid to tormentic acid exceeds a certain ratio. Further, the present invention also relates to a formulation, preferably pharmaceutical or nutraceutical formulation, comprising one or more of said compounds of formula (I), a composition according to the present invention or a plant extract according to the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides therapeutically active compounds and compositions as receptor antagonists and methods of use thereof. In one aspect, the compounds are useful in modulating pain, inflammation and acute phase reactions by inhibiting the PGE2 receptors including PGE2 EP1, EP2 and EP4 receptors.

Abstract: The invention discloses a deep-ultraviolet chemically-amplified positive photoresist. The deep-ultraviolet chemically-amplified positive photoresist according to one embodiment of the invention includes a cyclopentenyl pimaric acid, a divinyl ether, a photoacid generator and an organic solvent. The deep-ultraviolet chemically-amplified positive photoresist according to the invention has a good sensitivity and a good transparency.

Abstract: Synthetic triterpenoids and methods of using the same to induce gene expression and differentiation of stem or progenitor cells are provided. Furthermore, the present invention provides methods for producing a cell, such as a stem or progenitor cell, with induced gene expression by contacting a stem or progenitor cell with an effective amount of a synthetic triterpenoid to induce the expression of one or more of SOX9 (Sex determining region Y-box 9), COL2A1 (Type II Collagen (alpha1)), TGF-?I, TGF-p2, TGF-33, BMP2, BMP4, BMPRII (Bone Morphogenic Protein Receptor II), SMAD (Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic) 3, SMAD4, SMAD6, SMAD7, TIMP (Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase)-1 or TIMP-2 in the stem or progenitor cell, wherein the stem or progenitor cell is not a mesenchymal stem cell, periosteium cell or osteoprogenitor cell. In one embodiment, the stem or progenitor cell is multipotent.

Abstract: A norbornane-2-spiro-?-cycloalkanone-??-spiro-2?-norbornane-5,5?,6,6?-tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following general formula (1): wherein the formula (1), n represents an integer of 0 to 12, and R1s, R2, R3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical compound having the structure being one selected from a group consisting of wherein R1 is one selected from a group consisting of COOCH3, COOCH2Ph, CONHCH(CH3)2 and CONHC6H5, R2 is one selected from a group consisting of H, CH3 and CH(CH3)2, R3 is one selected from a group consisting of H, CH3, CH(CH3)2 and CH2Ph, and R4 is one of CH(CH3)2 and C6H5.

Abstract: The present invention describes use of compounds of formula 1 or 2 or their compositions for the treatment of leukemia and use of compound of formula 1 or its composition for treatment of infections caused due to M. tuberculosis. The invention further discloses use of compound of formula 3 for the conversion of solar energy into electric current in dye sensitized solar cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound with the core structure of formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters, solvates, or prodrugs thereof, for use in the treatment of cognitive impairment in a mammal. The compound is preferably isosteviol or steviol, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters, solvates, or prodrugs thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds having the following structure: wherein R is H or OH and X+ is protonated metformin, protonated arginine, protonated lysine and protonated meglumine. The invention also relates to intermediates used in the preparation of such compounds, processes for the preparation of such compounds and intermediates, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and the methods of treatment using such compounds as antidiabetic, antiobesity, and antisarcopenia agents.

Abstract: Methods for synthesizing amooranin (25-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid (AMR) and/or amooranin analogs, including amooranin methyl ester (AMR-Me), by using oleanolic acid in an oxidation process, and therapeutic uses thereof are described.

Abstract: A biocompatible porous scaffolds, especially bone regeneration scaffolds, comprising carbon-based nanoparticles, especially diamond nanoparticles, methods for the production of such biocompatible porous scaffolds, the use of such biocompatible porous scaffolds and methods for treating bone defects by inserting such biocompatible porous scaffolds comprising carbon-based nanoparticles into the bone defect.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of purifying betulonic acid contained the reaction product of organic synthesis of a Jones oxidation reagent and betulin extracted from the bark of a birch, a method of preparing a piperazine betulonic acid amide derivative, which is used as a chemical having an antibacterial function, using the high-purity betulonic acid obtained by the purification method and a derivative prepared by this method, a method of purifying a Boc-lysinated betulonic acid monomer ester contained in the reaction product of organic synthesis of lysine and the high-purity betulonic acid (starting material) obtained by the purification method, and a method of purifying Boc-lysinated betulonic acid contained in the reaction product of hydrolysis of the high-purity Boc-lysinated betulonic acid monomer ester.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinase, inhibiting the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and/or promoting the expression of collagen in a mammal is provided.

Abstract: Compounds and methods useful for chemopreventative treatment of diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, and multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of purifying betulonic acid contained the reaction product of organic synthesis of a Jones oxidation reagent and betulin extracted from the bark of a birch, a method of preparing a piperazine betulonic acid amide derivative, which is used as a chemical having an antibacterial function, using the high-purity betulonic acid obtained by the purification method and a derivative prepared by this method, a method of purifying a Boc-lysinated betulonic acid monomer ester contained in the reaction product of organic synthesis of lysine and the high-purity betulonic acid (starting material) obtained by the purification method, and a method of purifying Boc-lysinated betulonic acid contained in the reaction product of hydrolysis of the high-purity Boc-lysinated betulonic acid monomer ester.

Abstract: An amorphous asiatic tromethamine salt and the preparation method thereof. The method includes the steps of: (1) dissolving asiatic acid in an organic solvent; step (2) mixing with tromethamine; step (3) stirring and salifying the same, and then removing the organic solvent. The method for preparing the amorphous asiatic tromethamine salt is easy and effective, and the water solubility and bioavailability of the asiatic tromethamine salt thus obtained are greatly compared with the prior art.

Abstract: Methods of treating a plurality of particles involve functionalizing a plurality of microscale diamond particles by covalently bonding one or more molecular groups selected from OH functional groups, —COOH functional groups, —R—COOH functional groups, wherein R includes alkyls, -Ph-COOH functional groups, wherein Ph includes phenolics, polymers, oligomers, monomers, glycols, sugars, ionic functional groups, metallic functional groups, and organo-metallic functional groups to outer surfaces of at least some particles of the plurality of microscale diamond particles. A stability of the functionalized plurality of microscale diamond particles in dispersion is increased as compared to a plurality of microscale diamond particles that has not been functionalized.

Abstract: Included are a nano-carbon material production unit for producing a nano-carbon material using a fluidized catalyst formed by granulating a carrier supporting an active component, an acid treatment unit for dissolving and separating a catalyst by an acid solution by feeding a catalyst-containing nano-carbon material into the acid solution, and a pH adjustment unit, which is an anti-agglomeration treatment unit, provided on a downstream side of the acid treatment unit, for performing an anti-agglomeration treatment to prevent agglomeration among nano-carbons due to repulsion caused by dissociation among oxygen-containing functional groups added to the nano-carbon material.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of pharmaceutics and medicine and concerns a nano-diamond conjugate with glycine for delivering glycine into an organism, the conjugate comprising nano-diamond particles modified by glycine, with a particle size of 2-10 nm, and containing up to 21% by mass of glycine which is included in the composition of the superficial shell of said particles with a thickness of up to 1 nm, and to a method for producing said conjugate

Abstract: Analogs of 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid and their method of preparation are presented. The analogs may be used as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. The compounds inhibit 5-lipoxygenase enzyme and various cell lines related to inflammation as well as to cancer showing a significantly better efficacy when compared to the normal boswellic acids. The analogs are capable of controlling and treating various inflammatory diseases and cancers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the fast isolation of ursolic acid, a highly potent natural scaffold, from the leaves of Diospyros melanoxylon. The present invention also provides an improved and fast isolation process of the title compound, which is a pentacyclic triterpenic acid highly useful for the synthesis of a wide range of novel and potent bio-active molecules.

Abstract: The invention discloses a deep-ultraviolet chemically-amplified positive photoresist. The deep-ultraviolet chemically-amplified positive photoresist according to one embodiment of the invention includes a cyclopentenyl pimaric acid, a divinyl ether, a photoacid generator and an organic solvent. The deep-ultraviolet chemically-amplified positive photoresist according to the invention has a good sensitivity and a good transparency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to calcium salts of compounds of the general formula (I) wherein X is selected from the group consisting of CH2, S, or O; D is O or S; R8 is hydrogen or alkyl; E is an optionally substituted phenylene group; Y is a monocyclic or bicyclic substituted or unsubstituted 6-9 membered ring system which may contain one or more heteroatoms selected from N or S and which contains at least one aromatic ring; n is 0 or 1, and q is 0 or 1; with the proviso that compounds wherein X?CH2, q=0, Y=unsubstituted phenyl and E=unsubstituted phenylene are excluded; or a hydrate thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of steviol as well as derivatives thereof as a skin tanning agent. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the cosmetic topical application of steviol and derivatives thereof formulated into a composition comprising a cosmetically acceptable carrier for skin tanning. Finally, the invention relates to the use of steviol for enhancement of melanin formation in human skin cells.

Abstract: There is provided an isoprenoid according to the general formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from H and alkyl; and R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from groups of the general formula (II) and (III) wherein R7 and R8 each represent a group of general formula CO—R9, in which each R9 is independently selected from H, OH, alkyl and alkoxy groups, or R7 and/or R8 present in R3 and R4 and/or in R5 and R6 combine to form a group of the general formula (IV) wherein R10 is selected from OH and alkoxy; or salts thereof. The isoprenoids are of particular use in the preparation of liposomes, for use in the delivery of pharmaceutically active components to a subject human or animal.

Abstract: Steviol glycosides are sweeter than sugar and have a much lower calorimetric value. The compounds are purified from leaves of Stevia and Rubus plants and used as sweetener in foods and beverages. The present methods use recombinant and genetic methods to produce steviol and steviol glycosides in plants and plant products.

Abstract: The present invention provides triterpenoids produced from natural compounds such as oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, and hederagenin.

Abstract: To provide a method for recovering a precious metal from a solution containing precious metal ions, an extracting agent or adsorbent used therefor, and a back-extracting agent or desorbent. An extracting agent or adsorbent in which precious metal ions are extracted or adsorbed, is brought into contact with a back-extracting agent or desorbent containing a sulfur-containing amino acid derivative represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a vinyl group, a C3-8 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group, or a C6-14 aromatic hydrocarbon group, R2's are each independently a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a vinyl group, a C3-8 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group or a C6-14 aromatic hydrocarbon group, and n is 0 or 1, to obtain a solution containing the precious metal ions, which is subjected to a reduction treatment to obtain a precious metal.

Abstract: Certain multi-cyclic compounds and compositions thereof are useful for reducing or inhibiting the growth of bacterial biofilms and for controlling bacterial biofilm infections. Such compounds and compositions are also useful in methods for reducing or inhibiting the growth of biofilms and for controlling bacterial biofilm infections involving biofilms.

Abstract: A modified dimethylnaphthalene formaldehyde resin obtained by modifying a polyfunctional dimethylnaphthalene formaldehyde resin having a constituent unit represented by the following general formula [1] in a molecule thereof with at least one member selected from the group consisting of a phenol represented by the following general formula [2], a naphthol represented by the following general formula [3] and a naphthol represented by the following general formula [4] provided that at least any of the naphthol represented by the general formula [3] or the naphthol represented by the general formula [4] must be included.

Abstract: This invention provides, but is not limited to, novel oleanolic acid derivatives having the formula: wherein the variables are defined herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions, kits and articles of manufacture comprising such compounds, methods and intermediates useful for making the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions.

Abstract: New salts or ion-pair complexes obtained by a reaction between boswellic acids or selectively enriched 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-?-boswellic acid (AKBA) or 11-keto-?-boswellic acid (KBA) compounds obtained through a new improved process, and an organic amine, more particularly with glucosamine. These salts or ion pair complexes are useful in nutraceuticals and in food supplements for anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatment of joints and cancer prevention or cancer therapeutic agents. These salts or ion pair complexes could also be used in cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition for external treatment of body parts or organs to treat inflammatory diseases or cancer.

Abstract: Disclosed is the method for producing an optically active BSH amino acid, which comprises a step of reacting an optically active a-amino acid derivative having a halogen in a side chain with a cyanoethyl BSH compound represented by formula (1). An optically active BSH amino acid obtained by the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A low-temperature process for preparing flat carbon based nanostructured material, and namely foliated, fine graphite particles having low thickness and high aspect ratio. The process comprises the steps of: subjecting a particulate graphite to a mechanical attrition treatment in the presence of an alkaline reactant or a mixture comprising the alkaline reactant; exposing the graphite particles to an intercalating solvent to cause the solvent to penetrate between carbon layers of graphite; and delivering an ultrasonic energy into a dispersion of the graphite particles for a period of time sufficient to cause the formation of the nanostructured material. The carbon based nanostructures (CBNS) obtained by this method have a thickness in the range of 4-20 nm and an aspect ratio 500-7000 and various surface chemistry, and can be used as a highly functional graphite material in a wide range of applications, in particular for electrochemical applications in batteries and fuel cells.

Abstract: A norbornane-2-spiro-?-cycloalkanone-??-spiro-2?-norbornane-5,5?,6,6?-tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following general formula (1): [in the formula (1), n represents an integer of 0 to 12, and R1s, R2, R3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or the like].

Abstract: Isolated compounds from adelostemma gracillimum refined fractions and compositions containing the compounds are provided by the present invention. Adelostemma gracillimum refined fractions and the extraction process thereof are also provided by the present invention. The uses of the compounds and the adelostemma gracillimum refined fractions for inhibiting the activities of NMDA receptor or amyloid-beta peptide, for improving memory, and for treating neurodegenerative diseases, neuropathological conditions or epilepsy are further provided by the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical compound having the structure being one selected from a group consisting of wherein R1 is one selected from a group consisting of COOCH3, COOCH2Ph, CONHCH(CH3)2 and CONHC6H5, R2 is one selected from a group consisting of H, CH3 and CH(CH3)2, R3 is one selected from a group consisting of H, CH3, CH(CH3)2 and CH2Ph, and R4 is one of CH(CH3)2 and C6H5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to triterpene glycoside saponin-derived adjuvants, syntheses thereof, intermediates thereto, and uses thereof. QS-7 is a potent immuno-adjuvant that is significantly less toxic than QS-21, a related saponin that is currently the favored adjuvant in anticancer and antiviral vaccines. Tedious isolation and purification protocols have hindered the clinical development of QS-7. A novel semi-synthetic method is provided wherein a hydrolyzed prosapogenin mixture is used to synthesize QS-7, QS-21, and related analogs, greatly facilitating access to QS-7 and QS-21 analogs for preclinical and clinical evaluation.

Abstract: Methods of treating a plurality of particles comprise functionalizing a plurality of microscale diamond particles by covalently bonding one or more molecular groups selected from the group consisting of —OH functional groups, —COOH functional groups, —R—COOH functional groups, wherein R comprises alkyls, —Ph—COOH functional groups, wherein Ph comprises phenolics, polymers, oligomers, monomers, glycols, sugars, ionic functional groups, metallic functional groups, and organo-metallic functional groups to outer surfaces of at least some particles of the plurality of microscale diamond particles. A stability of the functionalized plurality of microscale diamond particles in dispersion is increased as compared to a plurality of microscale diamond particles that has not been functionalized.

Abstract: A method for recovering high molecular weight naphthenic tetra-acids, particularly ARN acids from a calcium naphthenate deposit. Calcium naphthenate deposits contain large amounts of calcium naphthenate salts of ARN acids. The method dual solvent extraction process in which the naphthenic tetra-acids chemically bound as calcium naphthenate salts are converted into free acid monomers by an aqueous acid. The resulting free acid monomers are then dissolved into an organic solvent phase and the counterions dissolve in the aqueous acid phase. The naphthenic tetra-acids are then recovered from the organic solvent phase.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical compound having the structure being one selected from a group consisting of wherein R1 is one selected from a group consisting of COOCH3, COOCH2Ph, CONHCH(CH3)2 and CONHC6H5, R2 is one selected from a group consisting of H, CH3 and CH(CH3)2, R3 is one selected from a group consisting of H, CH3, CH(CH3)2 and CH2Ph, and R4 is one of CH(CH3)2 and C6H5.

Abstract: The invention discloses water-soluble triterpenephenol compounds having antitumor activity represented by formula (I), wherein the substituents R1˜R4 and M are defined as in the description. The invention also discloses a method for preparing the compounds of formula (I) used quinone methide triterpene compounds as starting materials. The water-soluble triterpenephenol compounds disclosed in the invention can be made into various dosage forms including injection, tablet, capsule, granule and liniment, particularly suitable for making into injection.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of an oral composition comprising Stevia extract, steviol precursors, or steviol which enhances the appearance of hair. It further relates methods of improving the appearance of hair by oral administration of an effective amount of Stevia extract, steviol precursors or steviol.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a series of new compounds, combining the unique properties of fullerenes and bio-active amino acid residues, and to methods for making such compounds. The present invention is directed toward fullerene-based amino acids, and to amino acid residues, peptide chains, proteins, and polypeptides made from such fullerene-based amino acids. The present invention is further directed to amino acid residues, peptide chains, proteins, and polypeptides comprising such fullerene-based amino acids and into which such fullerene-based amino acids have been incorporated. Exemplary compounds have been prepared, and these compounds have been characterized and confirmed with infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel cycloalkyl-hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, Syndrome X, thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula II, a preparation method, and uses thereof in treating liver damage and inflammation and so on are disclosed. A method for preparing glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives are also disclosed. In the compound represented by formula II, R1 is H, linear or branched C1-C18 alkylformyl, linear or branched C1-C18 alkenylformyl or arylacyl; R2 is linear or branched C1-C18 alkoxy or aryloxy.