Abstract: The present invention is directed in particular to dipeptide-like compounds derived from functionally substituted amino acids, having fatty acid chains bound thereto through amidification of the amine functional groups of said dipeptide-like compounds, one end portion of which bears an accessory functional side chain spacer, with the other end portion being an acid group either in neutral or charged state. Compounds of the present invention have immunomodulating properties like adjuvants, In addition, compounds of the invention can be grafted on a given antigen in order to modulate or tune the immune response or can be equally grafted on a pharmaceutical carrier to enhance the therapeutic effect or targeting thereof. Accordingly, compounds of the invention find use in human and veterinary medicine both as immunogens and diagnostic tools.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of nitrobenzoic acids by oxidizing particular nitrotoluenes, nitrobenzyl alcohols, esters and/or ethers in the presence of nitric acid at elevated temperature and elevated pressure. It has been found that the particular nitrotoluenes, nitrobenzyl alcohols, esters and/or ethers may be oxidized particularly reliably and in high yields using nitric acid to the benzoic acid derivatives when they are metered into the nitric acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of nitrobenzoic acids by oxidizing particular nitrotoluenes, nitrobenzyl alcohols, esters and/or ethers in the presence of nitric acid at elevated temperature and elevated pressure. It has been found that the particular nitrotoluenes, nitrobenzyl alcohols, esters and/or ethers may be oxidized particularly reliably and in high yields using nitric acid to the benzoic acid derivatives when they are metered into the nitric acid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed in particular to dipeptide-like compounds derived from functionally substituted amino acids, having fatty acid chains bound thereto through amidification of the amine functional groups of said dipeptide-like compounds, one end portion of which bears an accessory functional side chain spacer, with the other end portion being an acid group either in neutral or charged state.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) 1

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-(substituted)-4-sulfobenzoic acid by oxidation of 2-(substituted)-4-toluenesulfonic acid.

Abstract: There are described formazan dyes of the formula ##STR1## where n is 1 or 2,Kat.cndot. is the equivalent of a cation,Me is copper or nickel,X is a radical of the formula CO-O or SO.sub.2 -O,Y is vinyl or a radical of the formula C.sub.2 H.sub.4 -Q, where Q is a group which is detachable under alkaline reaction conditions,the ring A may be substituted and benzofused,the ring B is substituted and may be benzofused, andthe ring C may be substituted,the use thereof for dyeing or printing hydroxyl- or nitrogen-containing organic substrates, and novel hydrazones.

Abstract: There are described formazan dyes of the formula ##STR1## where n is 1 or 2,Kat.sup..sym. is the equivalent of a cation,Me is copper or nickel,X is a radical of the formula CO--O or SO.sub.2 --O,Y is vinyl or a radical of the formula C.sub.2 H.sub.4 --Q, where Q is a group which is detachable under alkaline reaction conditions,the ring A may be substituted and benzofused, the ring B is substituted and may be benzofused, and the ring C may be substituted, the use thereof for dyeing or printing hydroxyl- or nitrogen-containing organic substrates, and novel hydrazones.

Abstract: Sulfonic acid stilbenes are disclosed which block the infection of cells by HSV, HIV and CMV.

Abstract: Novel aryl ethers, containing both a carboxylic acid and a sulfonic acid functionality; and a process for making them are described. These difunctional aryl compounds comprise:i) a carboxylic acid group or its derivative,ii) a first aromatic group bonded to the carboxylic acid or its derivative,iii) a second aromatic group linked to the first aromatic group by a non-electron-withdrawing moiety,iv) a third aromatic group linked to the second aromatic group by a non-electron-withdrawing moiety, andv) a sulfonyl group or its derivative bonded to the third aromatic group.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4-sulfonated anthranilic acids by sulfonation of ortho-nitrotoluenes with chlorosulfonic acid or oleum followed by oxidation of the methyl group and, finally, reduction of the nitro group.

Abstract: The preparation is described of compounds of the structure ##STR1## in which the substituents have the meanings indicated in the description. The compounds, which are in part new, are used as intermediate products for dyestuffs.