Abstract: A new optical brightening agent 351 (OBA 351) 4,4?-Bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl disodium salt (CAS 27344-41-8) is used on the wet-end papermaking process and coating papermaking process to increase the brightness of paper. The new OBA 351, when compared to the conventional OBA, is able to Obtain an additional 16 ISO brightness of performance.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for preparing long-chain fatty acids of Formula I: and salts thereof, as well as intermediates for the processes, wherein L1 and L2 are described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reducing the total organic carbon (TOC) content of waste water in the course of the preparation of concentrated solutions or suspensions of anionic organic compounds, which method comprises increasing the concentration of an aqueous solution or suspension of an anionic organic compound in the form of its free acid or its alkali metal salt, having a salt content of less than 5% of extraneous salt by weight based on the total solution or suspension, by microfiltration, ultrafiltration and/or nanofiltration, a) the membrane pore size being so selected that compounds having molecular weights in the range from 300 to 1000 Daltons or higher are retained, and b) the content of anionic compound in the concentrate being so adjusted to from 10 to 50% by weight that the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the permeate is less than 0.

Abstract: In a process for preparing an olefinic hydrocarbon mixture comprising at least 5% by weight of mono-olefin oligomers of the empirical formula: CnH2n where n is greater than or equal to 6, a feedstock comprising n-butene and propylene in a molar ratio of about 1:0.01 to about 1:0.49 is contacted under oligomerization conditions with surface deactivated ZSM-23. The resultant mono-olefin oligomers comprise at least 20 percent by weight of olefins having at least 12 carbon atoms, wherein said olefins having at least 12 carbon atoms have an average of from about 0.8 to about 2.0 C1–C3 alkyl branches per carbon chain.

Abstract: The present invention seeks to provide novel tetraarylethylene compounds which are substituted on the aryl rings ortho to the ethylenic carbon atoms and processes for the preparation for such compounds. The compounds have potential use as molecular templates.

Abstract: Stable formulations of fluorescent whitening agents are described. These contain a) 2 to 20% by weight of a fluorescent whitening agent of formula (1) in which R1 is hydrogen, C1-C5-alkyl, C1-C5-alkoxy or halogen and M is hydrogen, an alkali metal, ammonium or magnesium, b) 4 to 30% by weight of an unmodified or modified polyvinyl alcohol, c) 55 to 94% by weight of water and d) 0 to 20% weight of further additives, polyethylene glycol being excluded. A process for the preparation of the formulations and their use for whitening paper materials is also described.

Abstract: Various classes of dyes are provided having acid, ester or amide groups for covalent linking to biomolecules. The dyes may be prepared by use of a compound of formula (I) where R1 comprises a linker and a carboxy including acid, salt, ester including N-hydroxysuccinimide, activated ester or amide group; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are H, C1-C10 alkyl or aralkyl or a group to modify solubility or electronic or spectral properties or a functional linking group: or R4-R5 and/or R2-R4 and/or R2-R3 are linked to form an extended ring system; and R6 is H or CHO or NO.

Abstract: Novel styrene sulfonate-based polymers and cation exchange membranes which are particularly suitable for use in electrodialysis of whey and improved methods for electrodialysis of whey are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of sulphonated distyryl-biphenyl compounds of formula (1), in which R1 and R2, independently, are hydrogen, C1-C5-alkyl, C1-C5-alkyl or halogen, and M represents Li, K, an alkaline earth metal or ammonium, characterized by, firstly, reacting a compound of formula (2) with a di- or trialkylamine containing 6-12 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, in a two-phase system consisting of strong aqueous mineral acid and a water immisicible organic solvent and, secondly, reacting the resulting lypophilic ammonium salt with LiOH, KOH, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, ammonia, a mono-, di- or trialkylamine or a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, all containing 1-4 carbon atoms in each alkyl group; mono-, di- or tri(C2-C4)alkanolamine, morpholine, piperdine or pyrrolidine.

Abstract: Novel styrene sulfonate-based polymers and cation exchange membranes which are particularly suitable for use in electrodialysis of whey and improved methods for electrodialysis of whey are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a safer and more efficient process for producing [2-(arylsulfonyl)ethenyl]benzene derivatives of the formula (3): wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different and each independently represent a hydrogen, fluorine, or chlorine atom, a lower alkyl group, or the like, and two adjacent R3 and R4 may bond each other at their terminals to form a ring, which the process is characterized in that a 2-(arylsulfonyl)ethanol of formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are as defined above, and an acid anhydride are reacted in the presence of a base, and the reaction liquid obtained is supplied to a reaction with an aromatic halide of formula (2): wherein X represents a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom, and R3 and R4 are the same as defined above, in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds having the formula: in which R is hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl, preferably hydrogen and Y is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, CF3, halogen (F, Cl, Br or I) or SO3M in which M is H, Na, K, Ca, Mg, ammonium, mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-C1-C4alkylammonium, mono-, di- or tri-hydroxyalkylammonium or ammonium that is di- or tri-substituted with a mixture of C1-C4alkyl and C1-C4hydroxyalkyl groups; a process for their production; and their use as intermediates in the production of asymmetric or symmetric fluorescent whitening agents.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of sulphonated distyryl-biphenyl compounds of formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy or halogen, R.sub.1A represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy or halogen and M represents hydrogen, an alkaline- or alkaline earth-metal, or ammonium, characterised by reacting a compound of formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.2 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, with a compound of formula: ##STR3## whereby R.sub.3 represents phenyl, optionally substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, halogen or SO.sub.3 M, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, R.sub.4 represents C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkylene, and M, R.sub.1 and R.sub.1A are defined as above, in an alcoholic or dipolar aprotic solvent and in the presence of a strong base. Novel compounds of formulae (3) and (4) and a process for their preparation.

Abstract: A sodium styrenesulfonate hemihydrate is provided. This novel sodium styrenesulfonate hemihydrate solves the problems involved in conventional sodium styrenesulfonate such as decrease of effective component by polymerization during storage and transportation, and drop of commercial value by lumping. A composition containing the sodium styrenesulfonate hemihydrate, and a process for producing the sodium styrenesulfonate hemihydrate and the composition are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel hydrates of the disodium salt or dipotassium salt of 4,4'-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl characterized by their water of hydration content, to the crystal forms associated therewith, characterized by their X-ray diffraction pattern, to processes for the preparation, and to their use for the preparation of concentrated formulations of fluorescent whitening agents.

Abstract: Process for preparing distyrylbiphenyl compounds by condensation of a substituted or unsubstituted 4,4'-bis(dialkoxyphosphonomethyl)biphenyl compound with a substituted or unsubstituted benzaldehyde in liquid ammonia as the solvent and in the presence of strong bases; and the use of these distyrylbiphenyl compounds as fluorescent whitening agents.

Abstract: Substituted olefins of the formula (I) ##STR1## are prepared by reaction of a compound of the formula (II) ##STR2## with a compound of the formula (III)R--CH--CH.sub.2in the presence of an organic and/or inorganic palladium salt as a catalyst using water and/or an alcohol as a solvent, the substituents and indices being defined in the disclosure.

Abstract: Sulphonic acids of bis-styrylbiphenyls, which are useful optical brighteners, are obtained in good yields in a simple manner by reacting styrene compounds with 4,4'-dibromobiphenyl-3,3'-disulphonic acids or their salts in the presence of bases and palladium catalysts.The bis-stilbene compounds have the formula: ##STR1## where at least one of the rings A or B contains a sulfonic acid group.

Abstract: Liquid detergents containing, as the fluorescent whitener, 2,2'-dichloro-5,5'-disulfodistyrylbiphenyl, process for the preparation and use of the liquid detergent for washing and pre-treating textile fabrics; these are liquid detergents which are stable on storage, do not sediment, are stable to bleaching systems and do not form spots in the course of pre-treatment.

Abstract: Distyrylbiphenyl compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are halogen, hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or cyano, and M.sup..sym. is a salt-forming cation, are used as fluorescent whitening agents in solid and, preferably, liquid, detergent compositions. They are distinguished by good white effects and insignificant spotting behavior.

Abstract: Liquid detergent compositions which are stable on storage and contain fluorescent whitening agents from the class of the disulfonated distyrylbiphenyl and distyrylphenyl compounds; they do not produce bleach spots on direct contact with textile fabric. Some of the fluorescent whitening agents used are novel.

Abstract: Polyfunctional poly(perfluoroalkylene oxide) compounds, such as compounds of the formulaA--CF.sub.2 O(CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 O).sub.m (CF.sub.2 O).sub.n CF.sub.2 --A'where A and A' are reactive radicals containing a polymerizable functional group, e.g., hydroxyl, are provided, such compounds being useful as monomers in the preparation of polymeric materials, e.g., polyurethanes, possessing unusual low temperature stability and resistance to solvents.