Abstract: A method for preparing carbon allotrope based sulfide detectors comprising first functionalizing a carbon allotrope, such as a single-walled carbon nanotubes or graphene, with a solution of a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon-sulfonic acid, such as 1-pyrenesulfonic acid, followed by treatment with a metal, such as gold nanowires or cupric salt doped polyaniline, to give a metal-functionalized carbon allotrope, then drop casting the metal-functionalized carbon allotrope onto an inert surface, such as a silicon dioxide film on a silicon wafer having electrodes. Detection of sulfides may be by means such as photochemical or conductance methods. The hydrogen sulfide detectors may be used to detect and/or quantitate ppb and ppm levels of hydrogen sulfide in industrial settings or in detecting halitosis.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a stream rich in aromatic polysulfonic acid compounds from light catalytic cycle oil. The preparation involves the polysulfonation of the light catalytic cycle oil using more than a stoichiometric amount of sulfuric acid. The aromatic polysulfonic acid compositions are preferably aromatic polynuclear compositions.

Abstract: Distillate fuel is treated with additives whose structure match the crystal planes of the wax which crystallizes from the fuel to produce crystals below 4000 nanometres in size, suitable additive include novel sulpho-carboxylic materials particularly their esters and amine derivatives such as the amine salts and/or amides of ortho-sulpho benzoic acid.

Abstract: A process for recovering sulfuric acid from a mixture containing sulfuric acid and organic sulfonation products is provided. The process comprises contacting a mixture comprised of sulfuric acid and (i) a naphthalene-based material selected from the group consisting of naphthalenesulfonic acids, lower-alkyl substituted naphthalenesulfonic acids, and mixtures of two or more of such materials, or (ii) an aromatic-based carbonyl condensate (preferably a material selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde condensates of naphthalenesulfonic acids, formaldehyde condensates of lower-alkyl substituted naphthalenesulfonic acids, and mixtures of two or more of such materials), with a basic anion exchange resin in essentially the sulfate form (and preferably in the form of essentially non-porous particles) to provide a raffinate liquid phase enriched with respect to said mixture in said naphthalene-based material and depleted with respect to said mixture in sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Incremental alternating additions of sulfonating agent acids and alkylating alcohols give superior results in the synthesis of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate surfactant products from naphthalene starting material.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel processes for the production of enhanced yields of polyalkylaromatic polysulfonic acids. More particularly, the invention pertains to processes for sulfonating polyalkylaromatic compounds employing sulfuric acid treatment and recovering the polyalkylaromatic polysulfonic acid produced thereby after formation of a three phase system by the addition of controlled amounts of water, causing the polysulfonic acid to accumulate in the bottom layer, with which it is readily separated.

Abstract: A new process for the preparation of aromatic sulphonic acids, in which the sulphonation of the aromatic compounds is carried out with sulphur trioxide in organic solvents in the presence of hydrogen halide.