Abstract: Methods of preparing compounds of formula (I): wherein Y, Y1, and R2 are defined herein; methods of making D-(threo)-1-aryl-2-acylamido-1-propanol compounds, D-(threo)-1-aryl-2-acylamido-3-fluoro-1-propanol compounds, and D-(threo)-1-aryl-2-acylamido-3-hydroxy-1-propanol compounds (collectively, “fenicol compounds”) from the compound of formula (I); and new fenicol compounds, which can be made using the method.

Abstract: Masked nitrogen-substituted and oxygen-substituted neopentyl sulfonyl ester prodrugs of acamprosate, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such prodrugs, and methods of using such prodrugs and compositions thereof for treating diseases are disclosed. In particular, acamprosate prodrugs exhibiting enhanced oral bioavailability and methods of using acamprosate prodrugs to treat neurodegenerative disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, movement disorders, substance abuse disorders, binge eating disorder, cortical spreading depression related disorders, tinnitus, sleeping disorders, multiple sclerosis, and pain are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) by continuously reacting methyl acetate (MeOAc) with dimethylamine (DMA) in the presence of a basic catalyst, wherein MeOAc is used in the form of a methanolic solution which is obtained as a by-product in the preparation of polyTHF by transesterifying polyTHF diacetate with methanol.

Abstract: A process for producing a 2-alkylcysteinamide, which comprises hydrolysis of a 4-alkylthiazolidine-4-carboxamide represented by the general formula (2) or a salt thereof: wherein R represents a lower alkyl group having 1–4 carbon atoms; and each of R1 and R2 independently represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl group having 1–4 carbon atoms, or R1 and R2 are linked together to form an alicyclic, structure having 4–7 carbon atoms, excluding the case where both R1 and R2 are hydrogen, to give a 2-alkylcysteinamide represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof wherein R represents a lower alkyl group having 1–4 carbon atoms. Cells of a microorganism or treated products thereof having activity of stereoselective hydrolysis of a 2-alkyl-L-cysteinamide are allowed to act on the compound represented by the general formula (1) to yield a 2-alkyl-L-cysteine.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a compound having the formula: comprising the step of: reacting a N-vinylformamide salt having the formula ?with a compound having the formula XR1R2; wherein X is Br, Cl or I, M is an alkali metal or an alkali earth metal, R1 is a C0–C25 alkylene group, a C0–C25 fluroalkylene group or a C0–C25 perfluoro alkylene group, R2 is H, provided R1 is not absent, an alkyl group, a fluroalkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxy group, a polyether group, a heterocyclic group of 5 or 6 atoms wherein at least one of the atoms is not a carbon and is N, O, or S, —OR3, wherein, R3 is an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, or an aryl group, —C(O)R4, —C(O)OR4, —OC(O)R4, —OC(O)R4, wherein R4 is an H, an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, or an aryl group, a phthalimide group or NR5 R5 wherein R5 and R5 are independently H, —C(O)R4, an alkyl, a fluoroalkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group or an aryl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the dehydration of organic compounds to give unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: A refined product of a polyoxypropylene fatty acid isopropanolamide surfactant, having a high stability in storage and a very small change in smell thereof, is obtained by heat-treating an addition-reaction mixture prepared from a compound of the formula (III) and propylene oxide in a molar amount of 0.5 to 10 times that of the compound of the formula (III), and containing the target compound of the formula (I) and an oxazoline compound of the formula (II) produced as a by-product with water or an alkaline aqueous solution at 50 to 100° C., to hydrolyze the oxyazoline compound and to control the content of the oxyazoline compound to 0.1% by mass or less; and a detergent composition containing the refined product in a content of 1 to 50% by mass, exhibits enhanced thickening, foaming, emulsifying, dispersing and dissolving properties. [R1?C1–C19alkyl or alkenyl group, X=oxypropylene group, n=average number of addition-reacted X groups of 0.

Abstract: Novel compounds of 2,3-dimethyl-2-isopropylbutyric acid were claimed in this patent to possess pronounced cooling effect on the skin and on the mucous membranes of the body. These compounds also possess good taste quality and low melting points with no malodor. The preparations and some illustrative application of these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process to produce N-vinylformamide includes the steps of: reacting hydroxyethyl formamide with a reactant comprising at least one cyclic anhydride group to form an ester, and dissociating the ester via heat in a thin film evaporation to synthesize N-vinylformamide and a compound comprising at least one diacid group, the N-vinylformamide separating from the diacid during the thin film evaporation. The reactant including at least one cyclic anhydride group can, for example, be succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, (2-docecen-1-yl)succinic anhydride, exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride or a polymer including at least one cyclic anhydride group.

Abstract: An amide composition containing an unsaturated amide, a sulfur-containing compound, and a weak acid salt. The composition can include an amide in crystalline form or the composition can be in form of aqueous solution. The composition can exhibit improved stability whereby polymerization of the amide is inhibited.

Abstract: The present invention relates to racemic propylisopropyl acetic acid and propylisopropyl acetamide and their isomers in their racemic and stereospecific forms, for use in treatment of neurological and psychotic disorders, and affective disorders and to treat pain, headaches and migraines. The isomers are of the compound formula I R1 is a methyl or ethyl group; R2 is H, methyl or an ethyl group; R3 is ethyl or a propyl group; and R4 is a hydroxyl or amide group, and the total number of carbon atoms in said compound is 8, provided that when R1 is a methyl group and R4 is an amide group, R2 and R3 are not ethyl, further provided that when R1 is an ethyl and R4 a hydroxyl group, only stereoisomers of the compound are referred to. The present invention further relates to a method for the stereoselective synthesis of the 2R stereoisomer of PID and PIA.

Abstract: A process to produce N-vinylformamide includes the steps of: reacting hydroxyethyl formamide with a reactant including at least one cyclic anhydride group to form an ester, and dissociating (or cracking) the ester to synthesize N-vinylformamide and a compound including at least one diacid group. The ester can be dissociated using heat. The reactant including at least one cyclic anhydride group can, for example, be succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, a polymer including at least one cyclic anhydride group, or a solid support to which at least one cyclic anhydride group is covalently tethered. Preferably, the cyclic anhydride is regenerated from the diacid formed in the synthesis of the ester by heating the diacid to dehydrate the diacid. The temperature required to dehydrate diacid groups is preferably higher than the temperature use to dissociate the ester.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thickener which is superior in compounding stability and has high thickening action and a surfactant composition containing the thickener. The present invention relates to a thickener comprising a fatty acid amide ether compound (1) and to a surfactant composition comprising this thickener and at least one surfactant. Namely, the present invention relates to a method of increasing the viscosity of a surfactant by using this thickener. wherein R1 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl group which has 5 to 21 carbon atoms and may be substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, R2 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and R3 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A thickener which is superior in handling characteristics and blending stability and has a high thickening action is provided, comprising a fatty acid alkanolamide represented by the general formula (1) and a surfactant composition comprising the thickener and at least one surfactant: wherein R1 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 5 to 21 carbon atoms which may be substituted with at least one hydroxy group, R2 and R3 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, AO represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and n denotes a number of 0 to 10 in average.

Abstract: A process to produce N-vinylformamide includes the steps of: reacting hydroxyethyl formamide with a reactant including at least one cyclic anhydride group to form an ester, and dissociating (or cracking) the ester to synthesize N-vinylformamide and a compound including at least one diacid group. The ester can be dissociated using heat. The reactant including at least one cyclic anhydride group can, for example, be succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, a polymer including at least one cyclic anhydride group, or a solid support to which at least one cyclic anhydride group is covalently tethered. Preferably, the cyclic anhydride is regenerated from the diacid formed in the synthesis of the ester by heating the diacid to dehydrate the diacid. The temperature required to dehydrate diacid groups is preferably higher than the temperature use to dissociate the ester.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a compound having the formula: 1

Abstract: Gamma-hydroxybutryic acid amides are used in the treatment of drug addiction and especially in the treatment of alcoholism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to copper-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming methods. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of an amide or amine moiety and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In additional embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between a nitrogen atom of an acyl hydrazine and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In other embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic, e.g., indole, pyrazole, and indazole, and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel aminoindenes having the structure: wherein n is 1 or 2, R1 is hydrogen, linear or branched chain C1-C8 alkyl or linear or branched chain C1-C8 alkoxy and R2 is hydrogen or a halogen. Such compounds may be used to treat neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, head trauma, stroke, hypoxia, anoxia, epilepsy, convulsions, seizures.

Abstract: A continuous process for the production of dimethylformamide comprising the steps: (a) reacting methyl formate and dimethylamine in a reactive distillation column under conditions to form dimethylformamide and by-product methanol; (b) vaporizing the by-product methanol and generating a liquid dimethylformamide while in said reactive distillation column; (c) removing at least a major portion of the by-product methanol as an overhead from said reactive distillation column; (d) removing a crude liquid dimethylformamide containing residual by-product methanol as a bottoms fraction from said reactive distillation column; (e) introducing said bottoms fraction containing dimethylformamide and residual by-product methanol to a purification column wherein the by-product methanol is removed from said dimethylformamide as an overhead and purified dimethylformamide is removed as a bottoms fraction; and, optionally, (f) recycling the by-product methanol removed as an overhead from the purification column to the reac

Abstract: The present disclosure describes novel compounds of formula (A), wherein R1-R12, X and Y have the meanings given in the specification and compositions containing them which are particularly useful for treating hair loss in mammals, including arresting and/or reversing hair loss and promoting hair growth. The compounds described herein are cardiac-sparing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the dehydration of organic compounds to give unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Novel “bispolyamine” inhibitor compounds of polyamine transport are disclosed. These compounds are useful pharmaceutical agents for treating diseases where it is desired to inhibit polyamine transport or other polyamine binding proteins, for example cancer and post-angioplasty injury. These compounds display desirable activities both for diagnostic and research assays and therapy.

Abstract: An improved process to prepare poly(oxyalkylene)amide for gasoline additives involves three consecutive reactions. The reactions are (1) amidation of water-soluble low molecular weight of polyalkylene polyamine with alkyl acetate at an elevated temperature under N2 pressure to convert amines to amides, (2) Butoxylation of the amides with 1,2-epoxybutane to prepare the poly(oxyalkylene) amides, and (3) selective hydrolysis of in situ poly(oxyalkylene)-amine-ester-amides into poly(oxyalkylene)-amine-alcohol-amides and removal of acetic acid byproducts, via acid/base hydrolysis and water extraction procedures. The process step of selective hydrolysis is essential for removal the harmful composition of poly(oxyalkylene)-amine-ester-amides in resulting the better performance of the additive, particularly the positive engine's octane requirement or reducing the combustion chamber deposits.

Abstract: A compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula I a compound of formula II and when the compound of formula I and II comprises an amino group pharmaceutically acceptable ammonium salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, Cx, n, R3, R4, R5, Y are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Processes for the efficient production of chiral amino nitrites are disclosed. Generally, the processes include the esterification of the alcohol of a amino protected alcohol followed by nucleophilic substitution of the ester with a cyano group. In an exemplary embodiment the chiral amino nitrile produced is (R)-3-aminopentanenitrile.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of for a (I): wherein: R represents ORa, SRa or Ra or a cyclic group A is a cyclic structure G1 and G2 represent an alkylene chain or a single bond B represents —NR1aC(Q)R2a, —NR1aC(Q)NR2aR3a or C(Q)NR1aR2a p and q are such that 1≦p+q≦4, and medicinal products containing the same which are useful in treating or in preventing melatoninergic disorders.

Abstract: A continuous processs for the preparation of O—, S— and N-alkenyl compounds by reaction of the corresponding OH, SH or NH compound with an acetylene in the liquid phase in the presence of basic alkali or alkaline earth metal compounds at from 40 to 300° C. and from 0.11 to 5 MPa absolute comprises continuously feeding the corresponding OH, SH or NH compound and the acetylene and operating at a conversion of the corresponding OH, SH or NH compound of ≧90%.

Abstract: Amidomethyl esters, carbonylmercaptomethyl esters, keto-containing esters, amidomethyl thioesters, amidomethyl amides, and methylene dithioesters are disclosed. The novel compounds have two carbonyl groups connected by a linking moiety having an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen attached to a methylene group, to which is further attached a sulfur, nitrogen or CH2 group. Methods of treating illnesses and conditions, such as cancer, hemological disorders, inherited metabolic disorders and others, using these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel derivatives of 1-aminoindan and their salts are described. Optically active 1-aminoindan derivatives are prepared by reacting a N-benzyl analog of the desired compound with an enantiomer of mandelic acid.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composition, in particular a cosmetic composition, comprising at least a powder substance and a branched amide used as dispersion agent The invention also concerns novel branched amides of formula (I′).

Abstract: A method for controlling the rheology of aqueous systems, particularly for those intended for underground use, includes injecting an aqueous viscoelastic fluid containing a surfactant gelling agent into the system. The viscoelastic surfactant composition of the invention comprises, as a gelling agent, at least one fatty aliphatic amidoamine oxide in a glycol solvent. The composition also maintains the levels of free fatty acid and free amine within critical parameters in order to achieve superior performance. The additives may be incorporated in the viscoelastic fluid to tailor its use in stimulation fluids, drilling muds, fracture fluids, and in applications such as permeability modification, gravel packing, cementing, and the like.

Abstract: Object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing an amide compound with high efficiency by subjecting an oxime compound to Beckmann rearrangement in a liquid phase under mild reaction conditions. Namely, the invention relates to a process for producing an amide compound such as &egr;-caprolactam by subjecting an oxime compound such as cyclohexanone oxime to Beckmann rearrangement in a liquid phase, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of (1) a non-fluorine-containing sulfonic anhydride and an N,N-disubstituted amide compound or (2) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and anhydrides thereof, an N,N-disubstituted amide compound, and a carboxylic anhydride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for disubstituting carboxylic acid amides on a geminal carbonyl-C-atom using a Grignard reagent in the presence of an organotitanate.

Abstract: Formamide with low conductivity and a neutral or slightly basic pH is provided. Such formamide may be used in a sample loading solution for capillary electrophoretic separation of biomolecular analytes to enhance the efficiency of sample injection into the capillary and the intensity of the signal. Formamide of the present invention may be obtained by first purifying the formamide to a conductivity of below 7 micro mho, and then adjusting the pH of the purified formamide with a base to a range of about pH 6.5 to 7.5. The purification may be carried out by first removing the water from the formamide, and then distilling the dried formamide until the conductivity of formamide is below about 7 micro mho.

Abstract: Provided herein are catalyst systems useful for providing polyurethane foam products which exhibit low fogging characteristics while possessing favorable overall physical properties when used as interior components of automobiles and other motorized vehicles.

Abstract: There is provided a method of selectively replacing a carbon-hydrogen bond at an unactivated saturated sp3 hybridised carbon atom in an organic compound by a carbon-nitrogen bond, the method comprising reacting the compound with a fluorinating agent in a solvent reaction medium comprising a nitrile compound and providing a Lewis acid whereby the carbon-hydrogen bond is replaced by a carbon-nitrogen bond. Advantageously, the reaction may be performed in one stage and/or in one vessel. Advantageously, the method may be carried out at or just below ambient or room temperature.

Abstract: In the process for preparing formamide by reaction of ammonia and carbon monoxide in the presence of at least one catalyst, sodium diformylamide is used as catalyst. If sodium methoxide is used as further active component, sodium diformylamide can be formed from this. In this process, sodium diformylamide is a particularly active and stable catalyst which can be recycled.

Abstract: The invention relates to the manufacture of amide compounds provided through the reaction of nitrile compounds and a sulfate compound to form the related amide compound. In a preferred embodiment a diol or a triol is employed as a solvent, thereby increasing the yield of the product.

Abstract: Amido polybiguanides and their use as antimicrobial agents in pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed. A method of synthesis of amido polybiguanides is also disclosed. The amido polybiguanides are useful in the preservation of pharmaceutical compositions, particulary opthalmic and otic pharmaceutical compositions and compositions for treating contact lenses. The compounds are especially useful for disinfecting contact lenses.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the individual stereoisomers of the drug valnoctamide (a mixture of four stereoisomer kinds, VCD-valmethamide or 2-ethyl-3-methyl pentanamide) useful in treatment of neurological and psychotic disorders such as different kinds of epilepsy and affective disorders, and useful as tranquilizers and to treat pain, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing, as an active ingredient, these stereoisomers. The present invention further relates to a method for stereoselective separation and quantification of the four stereoisomers from a racemic mixture of VCD or plasma of patients treated with the racemic drug. The present invention further relates to a unique method for the synthesis of the individual stereoisomers.

Abstract: A process for the increasing the conversion of raw materials into DMAc by increasing the temperature at which the reaction occurs. The higher temperature is achieved by installing a pressure control valve in the dimethyl amine recycle line returning to the scrubber column. This raises back pressure on reactor and reactor column. The higher pressure raises the temperature in reactor vessel. Higher temperature increases the reaction rate and efficiency. The implementation of this invention greatly increases the capacity of existing equipment without adding large amounts of capital to expand conventional methods.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composition, in particular a cosmetic composition, comprising at least a powder substance and a branched amide used as dispersion agent. The invention also concerns novel branched amides of formula (I′).

Abstract: The invention relates to the manufacture of amide compounds provided through the reaction of nitrile compounds and a sulfate compound to form the related amide compound. In a preferred embodiment a diol or a triol is employed as a solvent, thereby increasing the yield of the product.

Abstract: This invention relates to new aminopiperazine derivatives having the potentiation of the cholinergic activity, etc., and represented by general formula [I]. wherein R1 is lower alkyl, etc., R2 is aryl, etc., A is or —SO2—, Q is —N═CH—, etc., X is lower alkylene, etc., and R3 and R4 are taken together to form lower alkylene, etc., and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to processes for preparation thereof and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.

Abstract: Novel alkyl ketone compounds having potent cytotoxic activity are described as anti-tumor agents and are particularly effective against leukemia and breast tumor cells.

Abstract: Alternative equilibrium modifiers for use with aldoxime extractants, such as hydroxyl aryl aldoxime extractants, employed in the process for extraction of metal values, particularly copper values, in the extraction from aqueous solutions, in which the extractant and modifiers are employed in an organic solvent phase, the solvent being a water insoluble, water immiscible hydrocarbon solvent, such as a kerosene.

Abstract: Thickening agents based on fatty acid monoisopropanolamide which are etherified with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, their use in surface-active formulations and formulations comprising an active amount of these thickening agents.

Abstract: Disclosed are amphiphilic compounds comprising Formula I: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are C2-C12 straight or branched alkyl; unsubstituted phenyl, biphenyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl; or phenyl, biphenyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl substituted with one, two, or three C1-C6 straight or branched alkyl groups; or R1 and R2 combined are C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkenyl; or C3-C8 cycloalkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl substituted with one, two, or three C1-C6 straight or branched alkyl groups; one of R4 or R5 is selected from the group consisting of C2-C6-straight or branched alkyl-(dimethyl-N-oxide), alkyl-(dimethylamine), alkyl-(trimethylammonium), alkyl-glucosyl, alkyl-maltosyl, glucosyl, maltosyl, and polyethylene(glycosyl); the other of R4 or R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, C2-C6 straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C2-C6-straight or branched alkyl-(dimethyl-N-oxide); alkyl-(dimethylamine), alkyl-(trimethylammonium), alkyl-glucosyl, alkyl-maltosyl, glucos

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a mixture of a quaternary ammonium compound, fatty acid, fatty acid ester and tertiary amine salt in situ which is a highly functional mixture that is manufactured in a single step reaction whereby quaternization is completed without the aid of solvents, especially flammable solvents. The single step reaction process eliminates separate blending of individual components. The compositions obtained can be used as fabric softeners, in modified clays, as hair treating compounds and as disinfectants.