Abstract: Carbon monolith-supported catalysts with high leach resistance used in catalytic applications involving strong acidic and basic conditions in a pH range of from 0 to 6.5 and from 7.5 to 14, are respectively described. The leach resistance of the catalyst system originates from strong interaction between the catalyst and the unsaturated valence of the carbon surface. In addition to surprisingly high resistance to leach out, the catalysts also have substantial differential advantages in catalyst performance: catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability.

Abstract: Described are Aminophenol compounds having a nitrogen-linking substituent at the 5-position which are intermediates in synthesizing benzoazole compounds useful as organic luminescence device materials, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: A process for the production of an aromatic hydrazo compound, which comprises catalytically reducing an aromatic nitro compound with hydrogen in an alkali metal hydroxide aqueous solution and a hydrogen-donating solvent in the presence of a noble metal catalyst and a quinoid compound cocatalyst at a high temperature under a high pressure, the hydrogen-donating solvent being a cyclic hydrocarbon in which hydrogen atoms are attached to its basic skeleton having 1 to 4 aromatic rings and at least one unsaturated carbon-carbon bond remains.

Abstract: Compounds having acidic protons and a molecular structure which can delocalize the electron density of the conjugate base (target compounds) are chlorinated by contacting such compounds with a perchloroalkane and aqueous base in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst which is an tetraalkylammonium hydroxide. Chlorinated products, preferably gem-dichloro compounds, are produced. The gem-dichloro compounds are useful for alkylation of aromatic compounds. For instance fluorene is chlorinated to form 9,9-dichlorofluorene which is reacted with such compounds as phenol or aniline to form such compounds as 9,9-bis(hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, 9,9-bis(aminophenyl)fluorene, or 9-aminophenyl-9-chlorofluorene.

Abstract: A process for reforming alkyleneamines to predominantly linearly-extended polyalkylenepolyamines comprising contacting an alkyleneamine or mixture thereof with a catalyst under conditions such that a mixture of polyalkylenepolyamines enriched in linearly-extended products is formed, said catalyst containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (a) Group VB metal oxides, (b) Group VB metal phosphates, (c) silicates of Groups IIA, IIIB, IVB, VB, and the lanthanide and actinide metals, and (d) tungsten oxides, with the proviso that the silicates and tungsten oxides are essentially free of aluminum. For example, ethylenediamine is contacted with a catalyst of niobium phosphate or niobic acid under reaction conditions to yield predominantly non-cyclic polyethylenepolyamines.

Abstract: The invention relates to 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which X denotes the n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, 1-methylpropyl, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, isobutoxy, 1-methylpropoxy or 2-methoxyethoxy radical and A is 0 or the equivalent of an inorganic acid.The preparation is effected by reducing ortho-X-substituted nitrobenzene and benzidine rearrangement of the resulting hydrazobenzene derivative. The compounds of the formula (I) are suitable for use as components in the preparation of dyes and pigments.

Abstract: The reduction of azoxybenzene, azobenzenes and mixtures of azoxybenzenes and azobenzene to the hydrazobenzenes is possible under mild conditions, with high yields and without any great excess of reducing agents in the presence of raney-nickel and compounds which have an alkaline action with hydrogen or hydrazine hydrate.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitro-alkylbenzenes to hydrazo-alkylbenzenes wherein the reaction is conducted in a two phase solution wherein one phase constitutes an aqueous alkaline base and a second organic phase constitutes a solvent mixture having a first solvent component which is a solvent for the starting reactant and the alkaline base and a second solvent component which lowers the solvent mixture dielectric constant below 25 and which solvent component is a solvent for the reaction product.

Abstract: In a process for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene with hydrogen to hydrazobenzene at temperatures ranging from 40.degree. to 110.degree. C. in the presence of a precious metal catalyst, an aqueous alkaline solution and an organic solvent, the reaction mixture being maintained in turbulent motion, the improvement wherein said nitrobenzene is o-, m- or p-chloronitrobenzene, the reaction is carried out in an organic solvent in which the dichlorohydrazobenzene being formed is readily soluble when warm and difficultly soluble when cold, and that the precious metal catalyst is used in such amount that the weight ratio of chloronitrobenzene used to precious metal catalyst is in the range 1:0.00005-less than 0.0002.