Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods for the preparation of substituted heterocycle fused gamma-carbolines, intermediates useful in producing them and methods for producing such intermediates and such heterocycle fused gamma-carbolines.

Abstract: Process for preparing 2,2-difluoroethylamine, comprising the following steps: (i) mixing 2,2-difluoro-1-chloroethane and gaseous, liquid or supercritical ammonia in a pressure-stable, closed reaction vessel under a pressure in the range from 10 to 180 bar; (ii) reacting the reaction mixture at a reaction temperature in the range from 80° C. to 200° C.; (iii) letting down the reaction mixture and isolating 2,2-difluoroethylamine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 is C6-C7 alkyl or a group (A1) wherein R2, R3 and R4 are each independently of the others hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl; wherein a compound of formula (II) wherein R1 is as defined for formula (I) and X is bromine or chlorine, is reacted with urea in the presence of a base and a catalytic amount of at least one palladium complex compound, wherein the palladium complex compound comprises at least one ferrocenyl-biphosphine ligand.

Abstract: A catalytic process for the synthesis of aromatic primary amines, reagent compositions for effecting the process, and transition metal complexes useful in the process, are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing arylamines and, in particular, a method for preparing aniline and anilines substituted on the aromatic ring from ammonia, under easily-industrialised mild conditions with good selectivity and yields, in the presence of a catalytic system including a copper complex.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of Formula (I), wherein R1 is 1,3-dimethyl-butyl, 1,3,3-trimethyl-butyl or a group A1, wherein R3, R4 and R5 are each independently of the others hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl; and R2 is hydrogen; or R1 and R2 together from the group A2, wherein R6, and R7 are each independently of the other hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl; or R1 and R2 together from the group A3, wherein R5 and R9 are each independently of the other hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl; wherein a compound of Formula (II) wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula I and X is bromine or chlorine, is reacted with ammonia in the presence of a base and a catalytic amount of at least one palladium complex compound, wherein the palladium complex compound comprises at least one ferrocenyl-biphosphine ligand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 is C6-C7 alkyl or a group (A1) wherein R2, R3 and R4 are each independently of the others hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl; wherein a compound of formula (II) wherein R1 is as defined for formula (I) and X is bromine or chlorine, is reacted with urea in the presence of a base and a catalytic amount of at least one palladium complex compound, wherein the palladium complex compound comprises at least one ferrocenyl-biphosphine ligand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel a process for the preparation of the compound of the general formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or C1-6 alkyl, which comprises treating with a reducing agent either a compound of the general formula (II), wherein R1 and R2 have the meanings given for the compound of the formula (I), R3 is H or C1-4alkyl and Ph is phenyl, or a compound of the general formula (III), wherein R1, R2, R3 and Ph have the meanings given for the compound of the formula (II), the reducing agent being effective to cleave the benzyl moiety Ph-CH(R3)— from the benzylamino moiety PhCH(R3)NH— in the compound of the formula (II) or in the compound of the formula (III) to leave an amino group and, in addition, in the case of the compound of the formula (III), to reduce both the 2,3-double bond and the double bond joining the R1R2C— moiety to the 9-position of the benzonorbornene ring to single bonds.

Abstract: This invention is involved with a preparation method of 2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethyl-aniline. With this process, p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride is used as the starting material and subjected to halogenation reaction and ammoniation reaction and through separation of reaction products the desired 2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethyl-aniline is obtained. In addition, ammonia is recovered from the surplus ammonia water in ammoniation reaction. This applied invention in characterized by simple process, cheap and easy-available raw materials, high reaction yield and friendly environment.

Abstract: Improved methods for making hole transport molecules (HTMs) that are incorporated into imaging members, such as layered photoreceptor devices, to increase the photoreceptor's “hole mobility,” or its ability to move charge, across its charge transport layer (CTL). Embodiments pertain to a continuous process for making N,N-diphenyl-4-biphenylamine and a system for performing the same.

Abstract: This invention is involved with a preparation method of 2,6-dichlor-4-trifluoromethyl aniline. With this process, 4-chlorotrifluoromethyl benzene is used as the starting material and subjected to halogenation reaction and ammoniation reaction and through separation of reaction products the desired 2,6-dichlor-4-trifluoromethyl aniline is obtained. In addition, ammonia is recovered from the surplus ammonia water in ammoniation reaction. This applied invention in characterized by simple process, cheap and easy-available raw materials, high reaction yield and friendly environment.

Abstract: A catalytic process for the synthesis of aromatic primary amines, reagent compositions for effecting the process, and transition metal complexes useful in the process, are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each independently of the others hydrogen or methyl, by reaction of compounds of formula (II) wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined for formula (I) and X is bromine or chlorine, with ammonia in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one copper-containing compound.

Abstract: A process for forming a tetra(aryl)-biphenyldiamine compound, including reacting a dibromobiphenyl compound and a diarylamine compound in the presence of a palladium ligated catalyst and a base.

Abstract: A process for forming a diarylamine compound, including reacting an aniline and an arylbromide in the presence of a palladium ligated catalyst and a base.

Abstract: A process for forming a triarylamine compound, including reacting an aniline and an arylchloride in the presence of a ligated palladium catalyst and a base.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for efficiently producing an aromatic diamine derivative represented by formula (3) at high yield, the method including reacting an aromatic amide represented by formula (1) with an aromatic halide represented by formula (2): (wherein each of Ar, Ar1 and Ar2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or heteroaryl group; Ar3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group or heteroarylene group; and X represents a halogen atom).

Abstract: The present invention relates to copper-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming methods. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of an amide or amine moiety and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In additional embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between a nitrogen atom of an acyl hydrazine and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In other embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic, e.g., indole, pyrazole, and indazole, and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for preparing 4-amino-1-naphthol ethers which is characterized in that naphthol ethers are first prepared from 1-naphthols, the former are then converted to the corresponding 4-acetamino-1-naphthol ethers and then the acyl group is cleaved off, and further describes 4-acetamino-1-naphthol ethers obtained thereby.

Abstract: 1,4-diaminonaphthalene and/or 1,5-diaminonaphthalene are produced by (a) reacting naphthalene with a halogen, (b) optionally, separating 1,4-dihalogen naphthalene or 1,5-dihalogen naphthalene from the mixture from step (a), and (c) reacting the mixture from step (a) or the 1,4-dihalogen naphthalene or the 1,5-dihalogen naphthalene from step (b) with ammonia and/or an organic amine in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: In a process for preparing aryl oligoamines, an amine is reacted with an activated aromatic and a base in a temperature range from 0 to 150° C. in the presence of a palladium component and a phosphine ligand. The aryl oligoamines are obtained simply and in good yields.

Abstract: A method is provided for the transition metal-catalyzed arylation, or vinylation, of hydrazines, hydrazones, and the like. Additionally, the invention provides a conceptually novel strategy, the cornerstone of which is the transition metal-catalyzed arylation or vinylation method, for the synthesis of indoles, carbazoles, and the like. The methods and strategies of the invention may be utilized in standard, parallel, and combinatorial synthetic protocols.

Abstract: The present invention provides an activator in arylamination using a palladium compound as a catalyst, which is superior to conventional phosphines in stability and performance. With the phosphine sulfide as an activator, an arylamination reaction achieves improved selectivity to produce a desired aromatic amine in an obviously increased yield as compared with a reaction using the corresponding phosphine compound. Moreover, the phosphine sulfide of the invention is impervious to oxidation and exists stably in air and therefore sufficiently withstands use on an industrial scale.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a trifluoromethylbenzylamine represented by the general formula (1). This process includes the step of reducing an oxime represented by the general formula (2), where R1 represents hydrogen atom, a halogen atom selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, or trifluoromethyl group, where R1 is defined as above, and R2 represents hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aralkyl group. With this process, the trifluoromethylbenzylamine can be produced with high selectivity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of N-aryl amine compounds. The process of the present invention involves reacting a compound having an amino group with an arylating compound in the presence of a base and a transition metal catalyst under reaction conditions effective to form an N-aryl amine compound, the transition metal catalyst comprising a Group 8 metal and at least one chelating ligand selected from the group consisting of bisphosphines having at least one stearically hindered alkyl substituent. The formed products are valuable intermediates in the pharmaceutical and polymer fields.

Abstract: A method is provided for the transition metal-catalyzed arylation, or vinylation, of hydrazines, hydrazones, and the like. Additionally, the invention provides a conceptually novel strategy, the cornerstone of which is the transition metal-catalyzed arylation or vinylation method, for the synthesis of indoles, carbazoles, and the like. The methods and strategies of the invention may be utilized in standard, parallel, and combinatorial synthetic protocols.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing 4-nitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrosodiphenylamine to be used for 4-aminodiphenylamine as an intermediate of antiozonant, wherein carbanilide is reacted with nitrobenzene in the presence of an appropriate base, while simultaneously adding aniline to the mixture so as to regenerate some amounts of carbanilide as a starting material.According to this invention, 4-nitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrosodiphenylamine can be prepared in a higher selectivity and conversion rate via a continuous reaction by recycling carbanilide, a starting material, while adding a certain amount of aniline during the process. Further, the amount of waste water can be significantly reduced compared to the conventional method without any corrosive materials harmful to the environment.

Abstract: Bistrifluoromethylbenzylamines are obtained in a simple manner in high purities and with good yields by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding bistrifluoromethylbenzonitriles if the process is carried out in the presence of Raney cobalt, at least one aliphatic ether and ammonia.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing 3,5-difluoroaniline by fluorinating 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and then aminating the intermediate fluorinated benzene with aqueous or anhydrous ammonia to achieve the product in yields of greater than 80%.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel process for producing a 3,5-difluoroaniline compound by reacting a 2-halo-4,6-difluoroaniline with a diazotizing agent in the presence of a reducing agent to form a diazonium salt. Build-up of potentially dangerous diazonium salt is avoided by reducing the diazonium salt with the reducing agent, to form a 1-halo-3,5-difluorobenzene, contemporaneously with the diazotization reaction. The 1-halo-3,5-difluorobenzene is then aminated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 3,5-difluoroaniline by reacting 3,5-difluorochlorobenzene with ammonia in the presence of a solvent in the presence of a copper compound and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and zinc, at 100 to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: A heterocyclic aromatic halide or an aryl halide is reacted with an amine compound in the presence of a base to give a heterocyclic aromatic amine or an arylamine, respectively. In this reaction, a catalyst comprising a palladium compound and a tertiary phosphine is used for the preparation of a heterocyclic aromatic amine, and a catalyst comprising a palladium compound and a trialkylphosphine is used for the preparation of an arylamine.

Abstract: There are provided aryne intermediates of formula I, useful in the manufacture of herbicidal compounds. ##STR1## Also provided is a method to prepare the formula I intermediates via the palladium catalyzed coupling of an o-halonitrobenzene or o-haloaniline with 3-butyne-1-ol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aromatic amines of the formula (I)Ar--NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 (I)in which Ar is ##STR1## and R.sup.3 to R.sup.9 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, alkoxy-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8), acyloxy-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8), OAr, Ar, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, OH, NO.sub.2, CN, CO.sub.2 H, CHO, SO.sub.3 H, SO.sub.2 R, SOR, NH.sub.2, NH-alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12), N-alkyl.sub.2 -(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12), NHCO-alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12), CO-alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12), NHCHO, COAr, CO.sub.2 Ar, CF.sub.3, CONH.sub.2, CHCHCO.sub.2 R, POAr.sub.2, PO-alkyl.sub.2 -(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12), 5-ring heteroaryl, 6-ring heteroaryl, Si-alkyl.sub.3 -(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12), where R=alkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8), aryl(C.sub.5 -C.sub.10) and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The synthesis of new sterically hindered ferrocene bis(phosphonites) of formula I ##STR1## the synthesis of the corresponding transition-metal complexes and the use of these complexes in transition-metal-catalyzed reactions are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which X and Y, independently of each other, represent hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, but cannot simultaneously represent hydrogen, characterised in that compounds of the general formula II ##STR2## in which X and Y are defined as above, are reacted with aqueous ammonia under copper catalysis, and to intermediates for the preparation of compounds of the general formula I.

Abstract: Nitroaromatics can be aminated using urea in the presence of bases and oxygen.

Abstract: A method of preparing an arylamine compound includes reacting a metal amide comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, boron, zinc, magnesium, indium and silicon, with an aromatic compound comprising an activated substituent in the presence of a transition metal catalyst to form an arylamine. The method is useful in preparing mixtures of arylamines for use in screening for pharmaceutical and biological activity and in preparing poly(anilines).

Abstract: A process for production of a 3,5-difluoroaniline compound with ease is disclosed, which comprise reacting an aminating agent with a 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene compound.

Abstract: Novel o-phenylenediamines of the formula containing fluoroalkyl(ene) groups ##STR1## in which the symbols used have the meaning given in the description, processes for their preparation and their use as intermediates.

Abstract: A process for preparing a nitroaniline derivative comprising a step of reacting an aromatic nitro compound with an O-alkylhydroxylamine or a salt thereof in the presence of a base and optionally a metallic catalyst, which process is industrially advantageous since it provides the nitroaniline derivative from the aromatic nitro compound in a high yield in one step, and the aminating agent used can be obtained from hydroxylamine at a relatively low cost.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 3- or 4-aminobenzocyclobutene comprises aminating a 3- or 4-halo- or sulfonyloxybenzocyclobutene reactant with an aminating agent by heating at a temperature from about 80.degree. C. to a temperature at which dimerization or oligomerization of a benzocyclobutene reactant or product is a significant side reaction, in the presence of a metal-containing catalyst, for a time sufficient to aminate the halo- or sulfonyloxybenzocyclobutene reactant. In another aspect, this invention relates to a process for making a 3- or 4-phthalimido- or maleimidobenzocyclobutene, comprising reacting a 3- or 4-halobenzocyclobutene reactant with a phthalimide or maleimide compound in the presence of a metal-containing catalyst. The resulting phthalimido- or maleimidobenzocyclobutene can be hydrolyzed to a 3- or 4-aminobenzocyclobutene.

Abstract: A process for producing a benzylamine which comprises reacting a benzyl halide with an aqueous ammonia solution in the presence of an aromatic aldehyde represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and n is 1 or 2, separating an oily substance from the reaction mixture, and treating the oily substance with a mineral acid.

Abstract: 3,5-Diaminobenzotrifluoride can be produced, in a single step, by reacting 4-chloro-3,5-dinitro benzotrifluoride in a suitable solvent, with hydrogen gas, in the presence of a catalyst comprising palladium on a suitable carrier, and in the presence of a suitable base.

Abstract: 2,6-Difluoroaniline is prepared from 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene by partial fluorine exchange to a mixture of 2,6-difluorochlorobenzene and 2,3-difluorochlorobenzene, amination of the chloro substituents, and separation of the desired product from the isomeric 2,3-difluoroaniline. By incorporating a selective reduction into the process immediately after the partial fluorine exchange, the undesirable 2,3-difluorochlorobenzene is converted into valuable ortho-difluorobenzene and the 2,3-difluoroaniline isomer is avoided.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic amine from an aromatic halide and ammonia, characterized by comprising the following steps (1), (2) and (3):step (1): reacting the aromatic halide with ammonia in the presence of water by using a catalyst comprising a copper compound as the main constituent,step (2): extracting the aromatic amine from the reaction mixture obtained in step (1) without depositing or separating the copper component contained in the reaction mixture, andstep (3): adding an alkali metal hydroxide and/or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide to the raffinate aqueous solution obtained by the extraction procedure in step (2) to deposit copper compounds and separating the same.This process is good in reaction efficiency and permits easy recovery of the catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of an optionally halogenated aniline of the formula: ##STR1## in which Y=halogen, R=H, alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) or alkoxy (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) and n=0 to 5.Halogenobenzenes of the formula: ##STR2## in which Y, R and n are as above and X=halogen, are subjected to ammonolysis with aqueous ammonia solution, in the presence of copper and 8-hydroxyquinoline.The process can be used, in particular, for the preparation of 3,5-dichloroaniline.

Abstract: Crude 3,4,3',4'-tetraaminodiphenyl (TAD) prepared by ammonolysis of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in the presence of mainly Cu catalysts is purified by a process in which(a) after its isolation from the preparation process crude TAD is treated with an aqueous NH.sub.3 solution and, if desired, TAD thus treated is then(b) dissolved and reprecipitated in water in the presence of adsorbents and also of a water-soluble reducing agent.Compared with relevant processes of the state of the art, the process produces a higher yield of pure TAD and it is also simpler to carry out.

Abstract: An aminobenzene is produced by reacting a chlorobenzene with ammonia in the presence of a copper type catalyst, namely by reacting ammonia with 3,5-diaminochlorobenzene to produce 1,3,5-triaminobenzene at a temperature of 150.degree. to 250.degree. C. at a molar ratio of ammonia of 2 to 10 to 3,5-diaminochlorobenzene in the presence of a copper compound catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,6-dialkylaniline which comprises the reaction of 1,3-dialkyl-5-tertiary-butylbenzene with molecular bromine to form 2-bromo-1,3-dialkyl-5-tertiary-butylbenzene, which is subsequently reacted with 1,3-dialkylbenzene in the presence of hydrogen fluoride to form a mixture of 2-bromo-1,3-dialkylbenzene and 1,3-dialkyl-5-tertiary-butylbenzene, which is then reacted with ammonia in the presence of a catalytic amount of cuprous halide.