Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for producing crystals of 3-amino-2-hydroxyacetophenone salt having a high bulk density and improved flow properties, by treating 3-amino-2-hydroxyacetophenone of formula (1) ##STR1## or hydrogen halide salt thereof with sulfuric acid, in a solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming a 1,3-diamino-3-substituted-2-propanol chemical intermediate from which various chemicals, such as selected protease-inhibitors and other drugs, as well as polymers, can be synthesized.This method includes contacting a nitromethyl amino acid compound with at least one reducing agent to form the 1,3-diamino-3-substituted-2-propanol chemical intermediate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming a 1,3-diamino-3-substituted-2-propanol chemical intermediate from which various chemicals, such as selected protease-inhibitors and other drugs, as well as polymers, can be synthesized.This method includes contacting a nitromethyl amino acid compound with at least one reducing agent to form the 1,3-diamino-3-substituted-2-propanol chemical intermediate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming a 1,3-diamino-3-substituted-2-propanol chemical intermediate from which various chemicals, such as selected protease-inhibitors and other drugs, as well as polymers, can be synthesized.The method includes contacting a nitromethyl amino acid compound with at least one reducing agent to form the 1,3-diamino-3-substituted-2-propanol chemical intermediate.

Abstract: 4,6-diaminoresorcinol can be prepared in a plurality of steps in such a way thata) 1,3-dichlorobenzene is nitrated with a mixed acid of HNO.sub.3, H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and SO.sub.3 at 0 to 40.degree. C. in anhydrous H.sub.2 SO.sub.4,b) the resulting 1,3-dichloro-4,6/2,4-dinitrobenzene isomeric mixture is first reacted with benzyl alcohol in the presence of a strong base at -15.degree. C. to +15.degree. C. and then at 20.degree. to 40.degree. C. to give the dibenzyloxy compound andc) the 1,3-dibenzyloxy-4,6-dinitrobenzene isomer arising in pure form in b) is converted to the 4,6-diaminoresorcinol by catalytic hydrogenation.

Abstract: p-Amino-phenols are advantageously prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of the aromatic nitro compounds on which they are based in a reaction medium of aqueous sulphuric acid in the sense of a Bamberger rearrangement at elevated temperature by a procedure in which the reaction medium additionally contains a water-miscible organic solvent.

Abstract: Novel o-phenylenediamines of the formula containing fluoroalkyl(ene) groups ##STR1## in which the symbols used have the meaning given in the description, processes for their preparation and their use as intermediates.

Abstract: 4-Amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)-aniline sulfate which is used particularly as a developer for color photography can be easily produced in high yield and high quality by nitrosating N-ethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)-m-toluidine by use of an alkyl nitrite in a homogeneous alcohol solution containing sulfuric acid in an amount of about 0.5 to about 1 mole per mole of N-ethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)-m-toluidine, and then reducing the nitrosation product in an aqueous alcohol solution after or without isolation of the nitrosation product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming a 1,3-diamino-3-substituted-2-propanol chemical intermediate from which various chemicals, such as selected protease-inhibitors and other drugs, as well as polymers, can be synthesized.This method includes contacting a nitromethyl amino acid compound with at least one reducing agent to form the 1,3-diamino-3-substituted-2-propanol chemical intermediate.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing an aromatic amide compound of the general formula (4), including the steps of subjecting an o-nitrophenol compound of the general formula (1) to catalytic reduction in acetone or an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent under the presence of a nickel catalyst to give an o-aminophenol compound of the general formula (2); and (b) subjecting the o-aminophenol compound of the general formula (2) to condensation with an acid chloride compound having a sulfur content of 0.5% or less, based on the weight of the acid chloride compound, of the general formula (3) in acetone or an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent under an atmosphere of an inert gas having an oxygen concentration of 1% or less. The acid chloride compound having a sulfur content of 0.5% or less, based on the weight of the acid chloride compound, of the general formula (3) may be obtained by allowing a carboxylic acid compound of the general formula (5) to react with thionyl chloride and by concentrating the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method of producing 4,6-diaminoresorcinol comprisinga) reducing a dinitroarylether of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, cycloalkyl or CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, R' is hydrogen or CH.sub.2 --R, each A is independently Cl, Br, or I, and n is 0, 1 or 2; to form a diaminoarylether, andb) cleaving the ether group(s) from the diaminoarylether under conditions such that 4,6-diaminoresorcinol is formed as a salt or other stabilized form thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for preparing 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, a precursor to polybenzoxazole, from resorcinol according to the following scheme. ##STR1## Resorcinol (I) is reacted with a di-tert-alkylating reagent to form a 4,6,-di-tert-alkylresorcinol (II), which is then halogenated to form a 2-halo-4,6-di-tert-alkylresorcinol (III). The 2-halo-4,6-di-tert-alkylresorcinol is nitrated in one of two ways to form a 2-halo-4,6-dinitroresorcinol (IV), which is then hydrogenated to from the 4,6-diaminoresorcinol.The invention also relates to a novel chemical composition-2-halo-4,6-di-tert-alkylresorcinol (III )--and a process for preparing same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing 4,6-diaminoresorcinol from 1,2-dichloro-3,5-dinitrobenzene comprising the steps of:(a) contacting 1,2-dichloro-3,5-dinitrobenzene with a hydroperoxide in the presence of anhydrous base to form 2,3-dichloro-4,6-dinitrophenol;(b) contacting 2,3-dichloro-4,6-dinitrophenol with a hydroxy-containing compound to form 2-chloro-4,6-dinitroresorcinol; and(c) converting 2-chloro-4,6-dinitroresorcinol to 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, which is isolated as a salt or other stabilized form thereof,

Abstract: bis(Aminophenoxy)-alpha-substituted stilbenes are prepared by reacting a dihydroxy-alpha-substituted stilbene with a halonitrobenzene in the presence of a basic acting substance such as potassium carbonate and hydrogenating the resulting bis(nitrophenoxy)-alpha-substituted stilbene to convert the nitro groups to amino groups. These compounds are useful as curing agents for epoxy resins.

Abstract: The invention is a new process for preparing 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, a precursor to polybisbenzoxazoles. The desired product is prepared from resorcinol by incorporating a halo group on the 2-position of resorcinol to form 2-haloresorcinol, then nitrating selectively at the 4- and 6-positions of the 2-haloresorcinol to form 2-halo-4,6-dinitroresorcinol, then hydrogenating the 2-halo-4,6-dinitroresorcinol. The selective incorporation of a halo group on the 2-position of resorcinol is accomplished by sulfonating resorcinol at the 4- and 6-positions.

Abstract: An aromatic diamino-diol (such as 4,6-diaminoresorcinol) is made by reducing an aromatic halo-dinitro-diol (such as 2-halo-4,6-dinitroresorcinol) with molecular hydrogen in an aqueous mixture containing a noble metal hydrogenation catalyst, an aqueous solvent and about 2 moles of hydrogen halide per mole of aromatic halo-dinitro-diol, plus an additional quantity sufficient to provide a 0.75 to 4 molar solution of the hydrogen halide.

Abstract: An arylisonitrosoalkanone is hydrogenated in the presence of a noble metal catalyst and a weak carboxylic acid to form an arylalkanolamine which is then hydrogenated in the presence of a strong mineral acid and the transition metal catalyst to form an arylalkylamine. When the arylisonitrosoalkanone is an isonitrosoacetophenone, the isonitrosoacetophenone is prepared by one of two methods.In the first method, a substituted or an unsubstituted isonitrosoacetophenone is prepared from a corresponding substituted or unsubstituted acetophenone by oxidizing the acetophenone to form a substituted or an unsubstituted phenylglyoxalacetal in a reactor, hydrolyzing the phenylglyoxal acetal in the same reactor to form a corresponding substituted or unsubstituted phenylglyoxal, and condensing the phenylglyoxal with hydroxylamine or a salt thereof in the same reactor to form the substituted or unsubstituted isonitrosoacetophenone.

Abstract: The compound p-aminophenol is prepared by catalytically hydrogenating nitrobenzene in an acidic reaction medium containing an amine of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group having from 6 to about 20 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different, and are represented by the formula --[(CH.sub.2).sub.m O].sub.n H, wherein m is an integer of from 1 to about 5 and n is an integer of from 1 to about 10.

Abstract: Aromatic amines which are substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy in the p-position are prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of the underlying aromatic nitro compounds in a reaction medium comprising sulphuric acid and a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alcohol by a Bamberger type rearrangement at elevated temperature, advantageously by carrying out the catalytic hydrogenation under elevated pressure.

Abstract: Optionally substituted p-aminophenol compounds, easily converted into the N-acylated derivatives thereof, are prepared by hydrogenating the corresponding nitrobenzene, in solution in a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, notably acetic acid, in the presence of an effective amount of a protonic acid.

Abstract: The invention concerns the production of a substituted or unsubstituted aniline by selective hydrogenation of the corresponding nitroaromatic compound. It is characterized by the use of a catalyst based on a metal selected from rhodium and ruthenium and based on a metal selected from the group comprising tin, germanium and lead.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the production of aminophenoxy-terminated polyethers containing recurring structural units corresponding to the following formula--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--comprising reacting:a) a polyether component consisting essentially of a polyether diol containing the afore-stated recurring structural units, withb) a nitrobenzene containing hydroxyl-reactive substituent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of organic hydroxylamines as a result of the corresponding nitroderivative being hydrogenated in the presence of an inert solvent, a platinum catalyst, a nitrogen-containing base (in an amount of less than 10% by weight calculated on the amount of nitro derivative) and a tri- or pentavalent organic phosphorus compound. It has been found that if only use is made of the nitrogen-containing base or the phosphorus compound the yields of isolated hydroxyl amine are significantly reduced in comparison with those obtained with the present process.

Abstract: There is provided an improved process for the reduction of optionally substituted dinitrobenzenes to the corresponding nitroanilines with high yields which comprises contacting the dinitrobenzene with hydrogen in an acidic medium in the presence of a catalytic amount of a combination of a noble metal hydrogenation catalyst, and iron or an iron salt. Isomer specific reductions may be achieved with those compounds containing suitable directing substituents.The 2-halo-5-nitroanilines which may be produced in this process may be converted via a multi-step synthesis to useful 1-aryl-4-substituted 1,4-dihydro-5H-tetrazol-5-one herbicides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of converting .beta.-nitro compounds, specifically alcohols, into the corresponding hydroxy amines with retention of configuration by the use of ammonium formate.

Abstract: High purity amino-para-arenediols such as 2-nitro-1,4-benzenediol are prepared by (a) contacting a para-bis(alkylcarbonato)arene with a nitrating agent under reaction conditions such that a para-bis(alkylcarbonato)nitroarene is formed, (b) contacting the para-bis(alkylcarbonato)nitroarene with a hydrolyzing agent under conditions such that a nitro-para-arenediol is produced, and (c) contacting the nitro-para-arenediol with a reducing agent under conditions such that an amino-para-arenediol is produced. Of the amino-para-arenediols, 2-amino-1,4-benzenediol is particularly useful in the preparation of high molecular weight polybenzoxazoles.

Abstract: The novel copper catalyst on an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -containing carrier which is impregnated with compounds of manganese and of one or more rare earth metals, having a Cu content of 0.1-5% by weight, a total content of compounds of manganese and of the rare earth metal or metals of 0.05 to 8% by weight, calculated as metals, is described, the weight ratio of rare earth metal(s) to manganese being 5:1-1:5, calculated as metal, and all percentages being relative to the total weight of the catalyst. Such catalyst is prepared by first impregnating the carrier with compounds of manganese and of the rare earth metal or metals, then fixing the copper salt on the impregnated carrier and activating the catalyst in a preferred manner by treatment with H.sub.2 at 150.degree. to 350.degree. C. Such a catalyst is suitable, for example, for the N-alkylation of aromatic amines with alkanols, where the aromatic amines can be prepared from the parent nitro compounds in an alkylation reactor with simultaneous addition of H.sub.2.

Abstract: The present invention thus relates to new compounds containing aminophenoxy end groups corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes an n-valent group as obtained by the removal of hydroxyl groups from an n-valent polyhydroxyl compound having a molecular weight of about 400 to about 12,000, preferably 400 to about 6,000,R.sub.2 denotes an integer with a value from 2 to 8, preferably from 2 to 4.The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of these compounds containing aminophenoxy end groups by reacting a polyhydroxyl compound with a halogenated nitrobenzene in the presence of an alkaline compound and subsequently hydrogenating the nitrophenoxy adducts obtained to form the corresponding aminophenoxy adducts.Lastly, the present invention relates to the use of the compounds containing aminophenoxy end groups as starting components for the production of polyurethane plastics by the isocyanate polyaddition process.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic amine under moderate conditions is provided wherein a catalyst higher in activity than conventional catalysts is used. Reduction of an aromatic nitro compound under a CO/H.sub.2 O system is conducted using a rhodium compound catalyst in the presence of an aqueous alkali solution such as aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Alternatively, an aromatic nitro compound is reduced under a CO/H.sub.2 O system using a rhodium compound or a ruthenium compound catalyst in the presence of the aqueous alkali solution and additionally at least one compound of amine compounds, diamine compounds, phosphine compounds, phosphite compounds, and diphosphine compounds.

Abstract: Bis(3-nitrophenoxy) derivatives of aromatic or bridged aromatic hydrocarbons are derived from m-dinitrobenzene and dihydroxy derivatives of said hydrocarbons and certain substituted derivatives thereof by a condensation reaction in dipolar aprotic solvents in the presence of bases. The bis(3-nitrophenoxy) derivatives and derivatives obtained are successively reduced to afford bis-(3-aminophenoxy)derivatives. This is a new method for reacting the dihydroxy-derivatives with m-dinitrobenzene, and hence can prepare novel bis(3-aminophenoxy) derivatives such as 4,4'-bis(3-amino-phenoxy)biphenyl, 1-[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-6-(3-aminophenoxy)indan, 6,6'-bis(3-aminophenoxy)3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'spirobiindan, and methyl substituted 2,2'-bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4-acylamino-2-aminoalkoxybenzenes of the general formula (1) ##STR1## in which R denotes an alkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 - or alkoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylene-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 group and R' denotes a methyl or ethyl group, by pumping a solution or suspension of a 2,4-dinitroalkoxybenzene of the general formula (2) ##STR2## in which R has the abovementioned meaning, in a butyl acetate into a stirred suspension of a nickel catalyst on a kieselguhr carrier in butyl acetate, which has been initially introduced into an autoclave, at a hydrogen pressure of about 5 to about 50 bar, and a temperature of about 60.degree. to about 120.degree. C., at a rate which corresponds to the rate of hydrogenation of 2,4-dinitroalkoxybenzene to 2,4-diaminoalkoxybenzene, dehydrating the reduction solution by azeotropic distillation, after the hydrogenation, and acylating the resulting 2,4-diaminoalkoxybenzene with about 0.90 to 0.

Abstract: A process for producing p-phenylenediamine or a derivative thereof which comprises reducing p-nitroaniline or a derivative thereof by hydrazine in the presence of an aromatic quinone compound or an aromatic dihydroxy compound.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, which is useful as a herbicide.

Abstract: Diamino compounds, dinitro compounds, diol compounds and a process for preparing the diamino compounds which are useful as materials of poly-imide compounds for obtaining aligning films having high pretilt angles in liquid crystal display elements are provided.The diamino compounds are represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 -R.sub.6 are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, respectively, and R.sub.7 -R.sub.12 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, F or Cl respectively.

Abstract: An aminophenolic compound can be synthesized by contacting a halo-nitro-phenolic compound, such as 2-chloro-4,6-dinitrorescorcinol, with a hydrogenating agent, such as hydrogen, and a catalyst, such as palladium-on-carbon, in an aqueous solution in the presence of an acid such as phosphoric acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making 1,1'-oxybis (3-nitro-5-trifluoromethyl)-benzene by heating a nitro benzofluoride compound having the formula ##STR1## where "X" is selected from the group consisting of NO.sub.2, Cl, and F, with an alkali metal fluoride selected from the group consisting of potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, and mixtures thereof, in an organic solvent in the presence of water. The corresponding diamine, 5,5'-oxybis (3-trifluoromethyl)-benzamine, can be prepared by reducing the benzene compound.

Abstract: N-acylated dialkylaminophenols are produced at greater yields under mild reaction conditions by a novel in situ process which begins with catalytic hydrogenation of dialkylnitrosophenols in an aprotic organic reaction medium.

Abstract: High purity amino-1,3-benzenediols are prepared by (a) contacting a 1,3-bis(alkylcarbonato)benzene with a nitrating agent under reaction conditions such that a 1,3-bis(alkylcarbonato)nitrobenzene is formed, (b) contacting the 1,3-bis(alkylcarbonato)nitrobenzene with a hydrolyzing agent under conditions such that a nitro-1,3-benzenediol is produced, and (c) contacting the nitro-1,3-benzenediol with a reducing agent under conditions such that an amino-1,3-benzenediol is produced. Of the amino-1,3-benzenediols, 4,6-diamino-1,3-benzenediol is particularly useful in the preparation of high molecular weight polybenzoxazoles.

Abstract: A homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of nitroalcohols to amino alcohols is described in which a solution of nitroalcohol is contacted with hydrogen under low temperatures and in the presence of a soluble complex of an organometallic compound of Rh, Ir, Pt or Pd and an organophosphine.

Abstract: High purity amino-1,3-benzenediols are prepared by (a) contacting a 1,3-bis(alkylcarbonato)benzene with a nitrating agent under rection conditions such that a 1,3-bis(alkylcarbonato)nitrobenzene is formed, (b) contacting the 1,3-bis(alkylcarbonato)nitrobenzene with a hydrolyzing agent under conditions such that a nitro-1,3-benzenediol is produced, and (c) contacting the nitro-1,3-benzenediol with a reducing agent under conditions such that an amino-1,3-benzenediol is produced. Of the amino-1,3-benzenediols, 4,6-diamino-1,3-benzenediol is particularly useful in the preparation of high molecular weight polybenzoxazoles.

Abstract: The novel process ##STR1## gives the end products, known as animal growth-promoters and coccidiostatics. Intermediates II are new.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of nitrobenzene is described. The reaction is performed catalytically in an aqueous acid medium in the presence of a small amount of organic acid, such as a lower carboxylic acid, oxalic acid, methanesulfonic acid or trichloroacetic acid.

Abstract: New 2-methyl-4-fluoro-phenols and process for their preparation from 2-methyl-4-fluoro-phenol.

Abstract: High purity 4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzenediol is prepared by (a) contacting a 1,2,3-trihalobenzene with a nitrating agent and an acid under reaction conditions such that a 1,2,3-trihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene is produced, (b) contacting the 1,2,3-trihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene prepared in (a) with an alkanol and a base under reaction conditions such that a 4,6-dinitro-2-halo-1,3-benzenediol is produced, and (c) contacting the 4,6-dinitro-2-halo-1,3-benzenediol prepared in (b) with a hydrogenating agent in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst under reaction conditions such that a 4,6-diamino-1,3-benzenediol is produced. This 4,6-diamino-1,3-benzenediol is useful in the preparation of high molecular weight polybenzoxazoles.

Abstract: A process for reducing chloronitrobenzenes to the corresponding chloroanilines using a combination ruthenium-platinum catalyst is disclosed. The ratio of ruthenium to platinum in the catalyst is from 75:1 to 30:1. The pressure used is from 200 to 800 psi with from 400 to 600 psi being the preferred range. The temperature used is from 70.degree. to 160.degree. C. with from 110.degree. to 150.degree. C. being the preferred range.

Abstract: A method is provided for enhancing the production rate of arylhydroxylamines by moderated catalytic hydrogenation reactions. Small quantities of acid introduced to the reaction medium doubles the hydrogenation rate of nitroaromatic compounds without a significant loss in selectivity to arylhydroxylamines.

Abstract: Production of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol by hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol and concurrently acetylating the p-aminophenol with acetic anhydride with the acetylation controlled so that substantially no excess acetic anhydride is present in the system until the hydrogenation reaction has reached substantial completion.

Abstract: 4-Alkoxyanilines are obtained industrially advantageously by catalytically hydrogenating a nitrobenzene in the presence of a noble metal catalyst in a mixed solvent containing a lower aliphatic alcohol, sulfuric acid, and water or a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid or both to induce hydrogenation and a Bamberger-type rearrangement reaction. The mixed solvent contains at least 10 moles, preferably 30 to 60 moles, of the lower aliphatic alcohol per mole of the nitrobenzene, 1 to 10 moles, preferably 2 to 7 moles, of sulfuric acid per mole of the nitrobenzene, and 2 to 30% by weight, preferably 3 to 10% by weight, of water, the lower aliphatic carboxylic acid or both.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 5-hydroxyethylsulfonyl-2-aminophenol (ethers) of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R denotes a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl group and R.sub.1 denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or alkoxy group with in each case 1-4 carbon atoms, which comprises condensing 5-chloro(or bromo)-2-nitrophenols, or alkyl ethers thereof, of the formula (II) ##STR2## in which R and R.sub.1 have the abovementioned meanings and X denotes a chlorine or bromine atom, with thioglycol to give 2-nitrophenol(ether) 5-hydroxyethyl-sulfides of the formula (III) ##STR3## wherein R and R.sub.1 have the abovementioned meanings, oxidizing these to give 5-hydroxyethylsulfonyl-2-nitrophenol (ethers) ##STR4## and reducing the latter to give compounds of the above formula (I).

Abstract: High purity 4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzenediol is prepared by (a) contacting a 1,2,3-trihalobenzene with a nitrating agent and an acid under reaction conditions such that a 1,2,3-trihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene is produced, (b) contacting the 1,2,3-trihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene prepared in (a) with an alkanol and a base under reaction conditions such that as 4,6-dinitro-2-halo-1,3-benzendiol is produced, and (c) contacting the 4,6-dinitro-2-halo-1,3-benzenediol prepared in (b) with a hydrogenating agent in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst under reaction conditions such that a 4,6-diamino-1,3-benzendiol is produced. This 4,6-diamino-1,3-benzene diol is useful in the preparation of high molecular weight polybenzoxazoles.