Abstract: Meta-toluene-diisocyanate is produced by reacting meta-toluenediamine with phosgene in the gas phase. The meta-toluenediamine to be vaporized for use in this phosgenation process must contain less than 0.5 wt. % of toluenediamine residue, a total of less than 0.2 wt. % of ammonia and cycloaliphatic amines, and less than 20 ppm of heavy metals. At least 0.1 wt. % of the liquid meta-toluenediamine being to be vaporized must not be vaporized. This non-vaporized content of the meta-toluenediamine must not be fed to the phosgenation reactor.

Abstract: A solid base catalyst having a carrier, an organic base, and an inorganic base. Both of the organic base and inorganic base are loaded on the carrier. The solid base catalyst is especially suitable for the synthesis of 4-Aminodiphenylamine (4-ADPA).

Abstract: An efficient continuous manufacturing process for 4-aminodiphenylamine by coupling aniline with nitrobenzene in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as a base, using flow reactors wherein base decomposition is considerably reduced by optimizing base quantity, process conditions and process equipment.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a continuous tubular reactor based conversion of acetophenones to amino substituted acetophenones wherein the nitration is carried out at ?10 to 10° C. followed by reduction to m-nitrophenone resulting in uniform output of product, said process comprising the steps of: a) Nitrating acetophenone with nitrating agent (nitration mixture or fuming nitric acid) at ?10 to 10° C.; b) Isolating m-nitro acetophenone from a mixture of o and m-nitro acetophenone and c) Reducing the m-nitro to obtain m-amino acetophenone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the continuous production of nitrobenzene by nitration of benzene with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid under adiabatic conditions, in which unreacted benzene is separated from the crude product obtained after phase separation before washing thereof, using the adiabatic heat of reaction.

Abstract: Asymmetrical 2,5-disubstituted-1,4-diaminobenzenes are provided, along with a process for forming both symmetrical and asymmetrical 2,5-disubstituted-1,4-diaminobenzenes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the continuous production of nitrobenzene by nitration of benzene with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid under adiabatic conditions, in which unreacted benzene is separated from the crude product obtained after phase separation before washing thereof, using the adiabatic heat of reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanates and polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates by sequential reaction of benzene to nitrobenzene to aniline to polyphenyl polymethylene polyamines to polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates wherein the benzene used as the starting material contains 500 to 5000 ppm w/w toluene and/or xylenes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of toluenediamine, in which dinitrotoluene is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The dinitrotoluene required by this process has a content of carbon dioxide, in either physically dissolved or chemically bonded form, of not more than 0.175 mol %, based on the molar amount of the dinitrotoluene.

Abstract: Aromatic amines are produced from aromatic hydrocarbons by

Abstract: This invention provides a composition suitable for use in a reaction zone where aniline is reacted with nitrobenzene to obtain intermediates of 4-aminodiphenylamine comprising a solid support having interior channels with base material employed in the reaction loaded into the channels. The cross-sectional dimensions of the channels are such as to provide a restricted transition state with regard to the reaction and to improve the selectivity of the reaction in favor of the intermediates. The invention also provides a method for loading the base material in the solid support. The invention further provides a process for carrying out the above reaction using the above composition.

Abstract: Provided is a diamino compound suitable for obtaining a polyimide which can form a liquid crystal alignment film capable of providing a liquid crystal display element, an intermediate therefor and a production process for the same. The above production process is characterized by reacting a cyclohexylbenzene derivative represented by Formula (3): with an acid halide represented by Formula (4): by the Frieldel-Crafts reaction to produce a cyclohexylphenylcarbonyl compound, and reducing the above compound after nitrating, whereby a compound represented by Formula (1) is obtained: (wherein A1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; A2 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and one or optional methylene groups which are not adjacent in the group may be substituted with an oxygen atom; X is Br or Cl; m represents an integer of 0 to 3, and n represents an integer of 1 to 5).

Abstract: An improved synthesis of N,N,-disubstituted-p-phenylene-diamine (DSPDA) preferably di-n-butyl-p-phenylenediamine is disclosed. The improvement rests on the discovery that DSPDA and its salts are extremely sensitive to oxygen so that once the product DSPDA or its salt is formed, oxygen must be excluded from all manipulations.

Abstract: 1-(2,5-Diaminophenyl)ethanol useful as a primary intermediate for the oxidative dyeing of hair.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an improvement in a method for making compounds having the structural formulae (I) or (II): wherein: X is a) phenyl; lower phenylalkoxy; phenoxy; or benzyl; or b) one substituent from group a) and one or more substituents selected from C1-C4 alkoxy; hydroxyl; halogen; lower alkyl; and lower alkylthio; or c) along with the phenyl to which it is attached, forms a multiple fused ring heterocycle such as dibenzofuranyl; Y is H, C1-C4 alkanoyl, C1-C4 haloalkenoyl, dialkoxyphosphoryl, alkylaminocarbonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, or C1-C4 alkoxy carbonyl; and R is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxy, alkenyl, alkylthio, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylamino, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; and Z is O or S, wherein the improvement comprises the steps of: A) selecting as a starting material a compound of the structural formula B) dissolving compound III in an organic solvent selected from the group

Abstract: 2-(aryl)-benz(ox, thi, imid)azoles are prepared by reacting an aromatic aldehyde with hydroxylamine to form an aromatic aldehyde oxime, halogenating the oxime to form an aromatic hydroxamoyl halide, and then reacting this halide with certain aromatic amine compounds. The products may be nitrated and then reduced to form the corresponding diamines, which are useful in making PIBX polymers.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of isometrically pure pendimethalin and iso-pendimethalin as well as mixtures thereof.

Abstract: 4,6-diaminoresorcinol can be prepared in a plurality of steps in such a way thata) 1,3-dichlorobenzene is nitrated with a mixed acid of HNO.sub.3, H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and SO.sub.3 at 0 to 40.degree. C. in anhydrous H.sub.2 SO.sub.4,b) the resulting 1,3-dichloro-4,6/2,4-dinitrobenzene isomeric mixture is first reacted with benzyl alcohol in the presence of a strong base at -15.degree. C. to +15.degree. C. and then at 20.degree. to 40.degree. C. to give the dibenzyloxy compound andc) the 1,3-dibenzyloxy-4,6-dinitrobenzene isomer arising in pure form in b) is converted to the 4,6-diaminoresorcinol by catalytic hydrogenation.

Abstract: 2-(aryl)-benz(ox, thi, imid)azoles are prepared by reacting an aromatic aldehyde with hydroxylamine to form an aromatic aldehyde oxime, halogenating the oxime to form an aromatic hydroxamoyl halide, and then reacting this halide with certain aromatic amine compounds. The products may be nitrated and then reduced to form the corresponding diamines, which are useful in making PIBX polymers.

Abstract: Novel o-phenylenediamines of the formula containing fluoroalkyl(ene) groups ##STR1## in which the symbols used have the meaning given in the description, processes for their preparation and their use as intermediates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making 1,1'-sulfonylbis[3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl) benzene] by reacting dibenzotrifluoride sulfide with at least four equivalents of fuming nitric acid and at least four equivalents of fuming sulfuric acid at a temperature below 20.degree. C., until the sulfide link is oxidized to a sulfone link, then raising the temperature to above 20.degree. C. until the reaction is complete. Also disclosed is the preparation of 1,1'-sulfonylbis[3-nitro-(5-trifluoromethyl) benzenamine] by reducing the benzene compound.

Abstract: A method for upgrading an aromatics-containing charge composition boiling in the gasoline boiling range comprises i) contacting the charge composition with a nitrating agent under nitrating conditions to form a product comprising nitrated aromatics; ii) hydrogenating a feed containing the product of i) under conditions sufficient to substantially reduce the nitro group of the nitrated aromatics so as to form a product comprising aromatic amines, water and heavy amines; and iii) removing the water and heavy amines from the product of step ii) to provide a gasoline boiling range product of an octane rating greater than the charge composition.

Abstract: A two-stage process for the co-production of aniline and m-phenylenediamine where, in the first stage, benzene, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid are reacted in a liquid phase to produce in greater amounts nitrobenzene (approximately 70%) and m-dinitrobenzene (approximately 30%), and in lesser or trace amounts o-dinitrobenzene and p-dinitrobenzene, and water; and in the second stage the products of the first stage are reacted with hydrogen in the liquid phase to produce aniline (approximately 70%) and m-phenylenediamine (approximately 30%) in greater amounts, and o-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine in lesser amounts, and water. The reaction products are separated by distillation.

Abstract: A regioselective nitration process for diphenyl compounds which can be carried out at about ambient temperature in which each ring of the diphenyl compound is selectively nitrated in the para position to form the corresponding di(4-nitrophenyl) compound. Such compounds as diphenyl carbonate, 2,2-diphenylpropane, 2,2-diphenylhexafluoropropane, diphenyl sulfide, diphenyl ketone, diphenyl sulfone, and the like can be converted to an isomeric mixture containing an enhanced amount of the corresponding di(4-nitrophenyl) compound, which mixture may be reduced or purified and reduced to the di(4-aminophenyl) analogues for use in the manufacture of polyamides, polyimides, and polyamide-imides.

Abstract: New 2-methyl-4-fluoro-phenols and process for their preparation from 2-methyl-4-fluoro-phenol.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel process for preparing 3-amino-2-methylbenzotrifluoride from benzotrifluoride. The process comprises nitrating benzotrifluoride to form 3-nitrobenzotrifluoride, reacting this compound with trimethyl sulphoxonium halide to form 3-nitro-2-methylbenzotrifluoride and reducing the nitro group to an amino group.

Abstract: 4-Alkyl-2-trifluoromethylanilines, in particular the 4-isopropyl derivative, are starting materials for preparing valuable azo dyestuffs. While the nonionic dyestuff types can preferably be used in transfer printing synthetic hydrophobic fibre materials, the sulpho-containing dyestuffs--in particular those based on "gamma acid"--are suitable for dyeing polyamides.

Abstract: A two-stage process for the co-production of aniline and m-phenylenediamine where, in the first stage, benzene, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid are reacted in a liquid phase to produce in greater amounts nitrobenzene (approximately 70%) and m-dinitrobenzene (approximately 30%), and in lesser or trace amounts o-dinitrobenzene and p-dinitrobenzene, and water; and in the second stage the products of the first stage are reacted with hydrogen in the gas phase to produce aniline (approximately 70%) and m-phenylenediamine (approximately 30%) in greater amounts, and o-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine in lesser amounts, and water. The reaction products are separated by distillation.

Abstract: A process for preparing an N-mono-substituted-p-phenylenediamine by reacting the corresponding p-nitroso-N-mono-substituted aniline compound with a primary or secondary alcohol in the presence of a base.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a process for producing 2,6 dinitroaniline derivates which are suited as intermediates for herbicides. The process involves the formation of a 1,2,6-trinitro-aromatic isomer and the subsequent nucleophilic displacement of the 1-nitrosubstituent with an amine. The reaction products can easily be separated from other organics by forming an amine salt and extracting with water.

Abstract: Novel diazonium salts which possess excellent photo speed, good thermal stability, exceptional resistance to discoloration in the D.sub.min areas, rapid development, and allow a wide range of azo dye colors are provided. The diazonium salts are of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is tertiary butyl or tertiary amyl; Y is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cyanoalkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aralkylthio, arylthio, alkylthio, halogen, allyl, allyloxy, allylthio, cyanoalkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, methoxyalkoxy, trifluoroalkyl, alkylacetylamino, morpholino, or dialkyl carbonamido;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different, and are alkyl, aralkyl, allyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydrogen, acyl, cycloalkyl, beta-chloroalkyl, branched alkyl, or a structure wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be linked together to form a heterocyclic structure; andX is an anion.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 5-amino-2,4-dimethylacetanilide by reduction of 5-nitro-2,4-dimethylacetanilide with hydrogen is disclosed characterized in that a crude mixture containing 5-nitro-2,4-dimethylacetanilide in admixture with at least one of its position isomers is hydrogenated in a water-miscible organic solvent which optionally contains water. The 5-amino-2,4-dimethylacetanilide is separated off from the reaction mixture by means of crystallization employing a mixture of water-miscible organic solvent and water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of ortho-aminobenzotrifluoride (OABT) from benzotrifluoride (BTF). The process provides an overall route employing non-isolation of intermediates which can be run smoothly and which results in the preparation of OABT in high yields with less contamination. This process includes a catalytic halogenation step in which BTF is converted to meta-halo BTF and other mono and di-halo isomers of BTF followed by nitration in the same reaction vessel under conditions which do not favor nitration of the di-halo isomers of BTF to produce a mixture which predominates in 5-halo-2-nitro BTF. In the final step the 5-halo-2-nitro BTF present is reduced and hydrodehalogenated with H.sub.2 in the presence of a catalyst to form OABT. Recyclable BTF is also obtained from the final reaction.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,6-dialkylaniline which comprises the reaction of 1,3-dialkylbenzene with isobutene in the presence of a hydrogen fluoride catalyst to form 1,3-dialkyl-5-tertiary-butylbenzene, which is subsequently nitrated in the presence of a soluble mercuric salt catalyst to form 2-nitro-1,3-dialkyl-5-tertiary-butylbenzene, which is then catalytically hydrogenated to give 2,6-dialkyl-4-tertiary-butylaniline, followed by pyrolysis in the presence of a heterogeneous acidic catalyst.

Abstract: The process of reducing 2,4-dinitrophenol to 2-amino-4-nitrophenol by reduction with a hydrosulfide in aqueous alkaline solution at temperatures from 20.degree.-100.degree. C. is improved by maintaining the pH at 7 to 9.5 during the reduction.

Abstract: Amino phenols of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a substantially saturated, hydrocarbon-based group of at least about 30 aliphatic carbon atoms, a, b and c are, for example, each 1, 2 or 3, and Ar is an aromatic moiety such as a benzene nucleus, naphthalene nucleus or linked benzene nuclei, are useful additives for fuels and lubricants. These amino phenols can be conveniently prepared by nitrating an appropriate hydroxy aromatic compound and reducing the nitro groups to amino groups. Typically such amino phenols are formed by nitration and reduction of alkyl phenols having an alkyl or alkenyl group of at least about 50 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Amino phenols of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a substantially saturated hydrocarbyl substituent having an average of from about 30 to about 750 aliphatic carbon atoms; R' is a substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, nitro, and halo; and z is 0 or 1, are useful as additives for fuels and lubricants. These amino phenols can be conveniently prepared by nitrating an appropriate hydroxy aromatic compound and reducing the nitro groups to amino groups.

Abstract: A particularly active Raney nickel catalyst is provided with a high-iron content, containing about 10 to 30% by weight of iron relative to the sum of the active metals nickel and iron. The catalyst can be prepared by treating aluminum/nickel/iron alloys which contain (1) 21 to 49.5% by weight of nickel, (2) 3 to 16.5% by weight of iron and (3) aluminum to make up to 100%, with an inorganic or organic base and separating the catalyst from the reaction mixture. According to the invention, said particularly active Raney nickel catalysts are used for the hydrogenation of organic compounds.