Abstract: A method of producing 4-ADPA is disclosed wherein aniline or substituted aniline derivatives and nitrobenzene are reacted under suitable conditions to produce 4-nitrodiphenylamine or substituted derivatives thereof and/or 4-nitrosodiphenylamine or substituted derivatives thereof and/or their salts, either or both of which are subsequently reduced to produce 4-ADPA or substituted derivatives thereof. The 4-ADPA or substituted derivatives thereof can be reductively alkylated to produce p-phenylenediamine products or substituted derivatives thereof which are useful as antiozonants.

Abstract: A method of producing 4-ADPA is disclosed wherein aniline or substituted aniline derivatives and nitrobenzene are reacted under suitable conditions to produce 4-nitrodiphenylamine or substituted derivatives thereof and/or 4-nitrosodiphenylamine or substituted derivatives thereof and/or their salts, either or both of which are subsequently reduced to produce 4-ADPA or substituted derivatives thereof. The 4-ADPA or substituted derivatives thereof can be reductively alkylated to produce p-phenylenediamine products or substituted derivatives thereof which are useful as antiozonants.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted aromatic amines is provided which comprises contacting a nucleophilic compound and an azo containing compound in the presence of a suitable solvent system, reacting the nucleophilic compound and the azo containing compound in the presence of a suitable base and a controlled amount of protic material at a temperature of about 10.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. in a confined reaction zone wherein the molar ratio of protic material to base is 0:1 to about 5:1 and reducing the product of the reaction of the nucleophilic compound and the azo containing compound under conditions which produce the substituted aromatic amine. In another embodiment, the substituted aromatic amines of the invention are reductively alkylated to produce alkylated diamines or substituted derivatives thereof.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing an aromatic amide compound of the general formula (4), including the steps of subjecting an o-nitrophenol compound of the general formula (1) to catalytic reduction in acetone or an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent under the presence of a nickel catalyst to give an o-aminophenol compound of the general formula (2); and (b) subjecting the o-aminophenol compound of the general formula (2) to condensation with an acid chloride compound having a sulfur content of 0.5% or less, based on the weight of the acid chloride compound, of the general formula (3) in acetone or an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent under an atmosphere of an inert gas having an oxygen concentration of 1% or less. The acid chloride compound having a sulfur content of 0.5% or less, based on the weight of the acid chloride compound, of the general formula (3) may be obtained by allowing a carboxylic acid compound of the general formula (5) to react with thionyl chloride and by concentrating the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making 1,1'-sulfonylbis[3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl) benzene] by reacting dibenzotrifluoride sulfide with at least four equivalents of fuming nitric acid and at least four equivalents of fuming sulfuric acid at a temperature below 20.degree. C., until the sulfide link is oxidized to a sulfone link, then raising the temperature to above 20.degree. C. until the reaction is complete. Also disclosed is the preparation of 1,1'-sulfonylbis[3-nitro-(5-trifluoromethyl) benzenamine] by reducing the benzene compound.

Abstract: There are described water soluble azo compounds conforming to the formula (1)D--N.dbd.N--K (1)where D is a radical of the formula (2), (2a) or (2b) ##STR1##where Y is a substituent which is eliminable by alkali to form a vinyl group, Y.sup.2 has one of the meanings of Y or is hydroxyl, X is chlorine or bromine, and R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, phenyl or halogen, and K is a radical of a singly couplable coupling component which may additionally contain an azo group, or the radical of a doubly couplable coupling component.The compounds of the formula (1) have fiber-reactive properties and are very highly suitable for use as dyes for dyeing hydroxy- and/or carboxamido-containing material, in particular fiber material, for example cellulose-fiber materials, wool and synthetic polyamide fibers, in strong, fast shades.There are also described novel starting compounds of the formulae (7), (7a) and (7b) ##STR2##where Y.sup.2, X and R are each as defined above, x is zero or 2 and W is nitro or amino.

Abstract: A method of producing 4-ADPA is disclosed wherein aniline and nitrobenzene are reacted under suitable conditions to produce 4-nitrodiphenylamine and/or 4-nitrosodiphenylamine and/or their salts, either or both of which are subsequently reduced to produce 4-ADPA. The 4-ADPA can be reductively alkylated to produce p-phenylenediamine products which are useful as antiozonants.

Abstract: A two-stage process for the co-production of aniline and m-phenylenediamine where, in the first stage, benzene, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid are reacted in a liquid phase to produce in greater amounts nitrobenzene (approximately 70%) and m-dinitrobenzene (approximately 30%), and in lesser or trace amounts o-dinitrobenzene and p-dinitrobenzene, and water; and in the second stage the products of the first stage are reacted with hydrogen in the liquid phase to produce aniline (approximately 70%) and m-phenylenediamine (approximately 30%) in greater amounts, and o-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine in lesser amounts, and water. The reaction products are separated by distillation.

Abstract: Bis(3-nitrophenoxy) derivatives of aromatic or bridged aromatic hydrocarbons are derived from m-dinitrobenzene and dihydroxy derivatives of said hydrocarbons and certain substituted derivatives thereof by a condensation reaction in dipolar aprotic solvents in the presence of bases. The bis(3-nitrophenoxy) derivatives and derivatives obtained are successively reduced to afford bis-(3-aminophenoxy)derivatives. This is a new method for reacting the dihydroxy-derivatives with m-dinitrobenzene, and hence can prepare novel bis(3-aminophenoxy) derivatives such as 4,4'-bis(3-amino-phenoxy)biphenyl, 1-[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-6-(3-aminophenoxy)indan, 6,6'-bis(3-aminophenoxy)3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'spirobiindan, and methyl substituted 2,2'-bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane.

Abstract: Aromatic diamino compounds are produced by hydrogenating the corresponding dinitro compounds in the presence of a modified Raney catalyst. The modified Raney catalyst is obtained by treating an alloy made up of 50-95 wt % of aluminum, 4-45 wt % nickel and/or cobalt and 1-46 wt % of at least one modifying metal with an alkali material. The modifying metal is selected from the metals of the first, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth subgroups of the Periodic Table of Elements. The hydrogenation is preferably carried out at from 170.degree. to 250.degree. C. and a pressure of 15-50 bar. The heat generated during hydrogenation is preferably used to produce steam.

Abstract: Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds, e.g. nitro-benzene, using a catalyst containing nickel and/or cobalt and at least one difficulty reducible metal oxide, e.g. alumina, particularly alumina plus a rare earth, and having a high nickel/cobalt content.

Abstract: Catalysts for the gas-phase reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines are regenerated by treatment of the catalyst, at elevated temperature, with a gas mixture which contains oxygen, inorganic and/or organic amines and/or nitrogen oxides and, where appropiate, steam.

Abstract: A process for producing aminophenyl-.beta.-hydroxyethylsulfone of the formula (I), ##STR1## which comprises the following steps: (1) condensing nitrohalobenzene with mercaptoethanol in the presence of an alkali hydroxide and at least one reaction medium selected from N-alkyl-substituted amides and sulfoxides to produce mononitrophenyl-.beta.-hydroxyethylsulfide of the formula (II): ##STR2## (2) oxidizing the mononitrophenyl-.beta.-hydroxyethylsulfide (II) to produce mononitrophenyl-.beta.-hydroxyethylsulfone of the formula (III): ##STR3## and (3) reducing the mononitrophenyl-.beta.-hydroxyethylsulfone to produce the aminophenyl-.beta.-hydroxyethylsulfone of the formula (I). This compound is useful as an intermediate for aminophenyl-.beta.-sulfatoethylsulfone represented by the following formula: ##STR4## which is an important intermediate for vinyl sulfone type reactive dyes largely used for dyeing cellulose fiber materials.

Abstract: A process for preparing an N,N-disubstituted p-phenylenediamine of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1-6 C atoms, R.sup.2 is alkyl of 1-6 C atoms or alkyl of 1-6 C atoms which is substituted by OH, lower alkoxy, a sulfo group or an alkylsulfonamido group and R.sup.3 is hydrogen or lower alkylor an acid addition salt thereof,comprises adding an alkyl nitrite, as a nitrosation agent,to an aqueous, acid suspension of the corresponding aniline derivative of the formula ##STR2## thereby forming the corresponding N,N-disubstituted p-nitroso-aniline, and subsequently hydrogenating the latter without isolation thereof from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: In the reduction of di- or polynitro aromatic compounds by gaseous H.sub.2 S over a solid catalyst, addition of CO gas promotes formation of amino groups from all nitro groups in the molecule. A preferred embodiment is reduction of 2,4- and/or 2,6-dinitrotoluene in vapor phase at 325.degree. C. over a supported iron or supported cobalt catalyst on a support comprising alumina. The amino products are useful for production of polyurethane resins.

Abstract: Aniline may be prepared by reaction of nitrobenzene and vinylcyclohexene at 170.degree. C.-300.degree. C., typically 200.degree. C., in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst typified by IrCl(CO)(Ph.sub.3 P).sub.2.

Abstract: A method of preparing p-aminodiphenylamines from diphenylamines is described whereby neither the N-nitrosodiphenylamine or the p-nitrosodiphenylamine need be isolated. The method rests on the discovery that alkali metal salts of p-nitrosodiphenylamines are soluble in non-aqueous organic solvent systems consisting of certain aromatic hydrocarbons and saturated aliphatic alcohols, and that such salts can be readily hydrogenated in their non-aqueous solution to the corresponding p-aminodiphenylamine.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline is described wherein the nitrobenzene is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a multi-component supported catalyst containing 1 to 20 grams of noble metal per liter of support and 1 to 20 grams per liter of support of one or more transition metal of the Groups IVa, Va, or VIa of the Periodic Table. The catalyst can contain 1 to 20 grams per liter of support of a further transition group element or of a member of the main group. The catalyst is one which has been prepared by a process involving pretreatment of the support with a base prior to impregnation with the catalytically active substances, followed by drying to a residual moisture content of less than 10 percent of the maximum absorbency of the support.