Abstract: The present invention is related to an improved process for the preparation of Pomalidomide with higher yields and high purity. Particularly the present invention relates to form A preparation of Pomalidomide and its purification. wherein the present process doesn't involve use of dioxane solvent and avoids higher temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating a substance mixture comprising an aromatic amine, wherein the aromatic amine is aniline or 2,4-diaminotoluene, preferably aniline. The substance mixture comprises an aromatic amine and compounds having a higher boiling point than the aromatic amine. The method for treating the substance mixture requires I) separating the first substance mixture by means of distillation in a first distillation unit (110, 1130), to at least partially remove some of the aromatic amine in the process, and to obtain a first bottom product which is removed from the first distillation unit (110, 1130). After removal from the first distillation unit (110, 1130), the bottom product is diluted with a condensed top product from a distillation unit that is different from the first distillation unit and/or with a composition that comprises methanol.

Abstract: A process for obtaining pure aniline contains catalytically hydrogenating nitrobenzene, to obtain a reaction mixture, separating the reaction mixture into a gas phase containing hydrogen and a liquid phase, liquid/liquid phase separating the liquid phase to obtain an aqueous phase and also crude aniline containing water as an organic phase, distillatively pre-purifying the crude aniline by removing the water via an overhead stream of a first distillation column to obtain a first bottom stream, feeding the first bottom stream as a feed stream to a pure column from which a pure aniline stream is taken off at the top and a second bottom stream containing high boilers is taken off, and passing the second bottom stream to incineration, by pumping the second bottom stream through heated pipelines and by adding methanol, ethanol, propanol, and/or acetone to the second bottom stream.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkylated p-phenylenediamine having the steps of reacting aniline and nitrobenzene in presence of a complex base catalyst to obtain 4-aminodiphenylamine intermediates, hydrogenating the 4-aminodiphenylamine intermediates to 4-aminodiphenylamine in presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, and reductively alkylating the 4-aminodiphenylamine to alkylated p-phenylenediamine.

Abstract: A process has been developed for preparing 2-methoxymethyl-1,4-benzenediamine (IV-a), other compounds of formula (IV), and the salts thereof, all of which may be used as primary intermediates in compositions for dyeing keratin fibers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising a ceramic support with a BET surface area of less than 40 m2/g and (a) 1.0 to 100 g of at least one metal of groups 8 to 12 of the periodic table of the elements, (b) 1.0 g to 100 g of at least one metal of groups 4 to 6 and 12 of the periodic table of the elements and (c) 1.0 g to 100 g of at least one metal of groups 14 and 15 of the periodic table of the elements per litre of bulk volume of the ceramic support, wherein the catalyst is additionally doped with (d) potassium in a content of from 0.0050% by weight to 0.20% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst. The present invention also provides the use of such a catalyst in the catalytic gas phase hydrogenation of nitroaromatics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing aromatic amines by catalytically hydrogenating the corresponding aromatic nitro compound, which comprises using a copper catalyst with a support comprising SiO2, the SiO2 having been prepared by wet grinding and subsequent spray drying.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of aromatic amines by hydrogenation of the corresponding nitroaromatics in the presence of catalysts arranged in reaction spaces, in which an adiabatically operated reaction space RA is connected downstream of an isothermally operated reaction space RI and RA additionally also has a separate feed for the nitroaromatic to be hydrogenated, RI is fed with the nitroaromatic to be hydrogenated from the start to the end of the hydrogenation, and the product mixture emerging from RI is fed into RA from the start to the end of the hydrogenation, wherein RA can additionally be fed via the separate feed with the nitroaromatic to be hydrogenated.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for the synthesis of branched polyamines. In embodiments, branched polyamines may be formed by reacting a branched polyol with a nitroaryl carboxylic acid to form a nitrobenzoyl ester which, in turn, may then be subjected to a hydrogenating step to form the branched polyamine. The resulting branched polyamine may then be reacted with another hydrogel precursor to form a hydrogel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing 2,5-diaminotoluene by catalytic hydrogenation in an aprotic-non-polar solvent or in a mixture made of two or more aprotic-nonpolar solvents with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst or a mixture of two or more catalysts. The invention further relates to crystalline 2,5-diaminotoluene having characteristic crystal modification. As compared to conventional forms of administration common in industry, this is characterised in that it is largely insensitive to air oxidation.

Abstract: A process is provided to produce 2,3,5,6-tetraaminotoluene. Highly pure salts of 2,3,5,6-tetraaminotoluene are produced via reduction of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitrotoluene. The 2,3,5,6-tetraaminotoluene salt is precipitated as a clean (>99% purity) product. The salt is a precursor for monomers to make a polybenzimidazole for high performance fibers.

Abstract: Process for hydrogenating organic compounds in the gas phase in the presence of a catalyst comprising a nanoparticulate palladium cluster and a gas- and liquid-permeable shell comprising zirconium oxide.

Abstract: Efficient and recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalysts and methods of synthesizing and using the same are provided.

Abstract: An amorphous catalyst support comprising at least a first oxide selected from the group consisting of: silica, germanium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide or mixtures thereof, preferably silica gel beads or diatomaceous earth; a group 3 metal oxide; and anions in an amount not greater than 10% by weight of the catalyst support; wherein the group 3 metal oxide is incorporated in the first oxide structure at the molecular level. The catalyst support is prepared by (a) mixing the first oxide, with an anhydrous source of the group 3 metal oxide, and water, at a pH above 11, thus forming a suspension, (b) washing the catalyst support with water, (c) separating the catalyst support from the water, and (d) optionally drying and/or calcining the catalyst support. A catalyst based on such a support has improved catalytic properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of toluenediamine by liquid-phase hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene by means of hydrogen in the presence of a suspended, nickel-comprising catalyst in a reactor with a product isolation unit downstream of the reactor to give a product output from the reactor comprising a liquid phase comprising toluenediamine and dinitrotoluene, in which the nickel-comprising catalyst is suspended, wherein the concentration of dinitrotoluene in the liquid phase of the product output from the reactor in the region between the reactor and the downstream product isolation unit is set to a value in the range from 1 to 200 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid phase of the product output from the reactor.

Abstract: Nitroaromatic compounds are hydrogenated in the gas phase to form aromatic amines with hydrogen in the presence of one or more catalysts arranged in stationary or virtually stationary beds in a reactor. In this process, the catalyst in the reactor is at least partly replaced continuously or at periodic intervals. At least 10% of the catalyst is replaced within each 20 day interval subsequent to start up of the reaction.

Abstract: The catalytic mixture resulting of a metal powder catalyst with a solid material (referred to here as a reaction-aid) that has good filtering properties, does not interfere with the reaction, does not interfere with recycling the catalyst back into the reaction, does not interfere with the refining and recovery of the metal from the catalyst after it is spent, and will not become separated from the catalyst during the preparation of this catalytic mixture, the chemical reaction or the separation of this catalytic mixture from the reaction medium, whereas the ratio of the reaction aid to the catalyst ranges from 0.05 to 20 on a weight basis. A preferred metal powder catalyst is acetylene black supported precious metal. Preferred reaction aids are sibunit powder or activated carbon. The catalytic mixture can be used for the catalytic transformation of compounds, such as the hydrogenation of olefins, or the hydrogenation of nitro compounds.

Abstract: A process for the industrial production of 2-amino-2-[2-[4-(3-benzyloxyphenylthio)-2-chlorophenyl]ethyl]-1,3-propanediol hydrochloride (Compound I), an effective immunosuppressant. The process for producing 2-amino-2-[2-[4-(3-benzyloxyphenylthio)-2-chlorophenyl]ethyl]-1,3-propanediol hydrochloride or a hydrate thereof includes the steps of reacting 4-(3-benzyloxyphenylthio)-2-chlorobenzaldehyde with ethyl diethylphosphonoacetate in a solvent in the presence of a base to form ethyl 3-[4-(3-benzyloxyphenylthio)-2-chlorophenyl]acrylate; reducing the resulting ethyl 3-[4-(3-benzyloxyphenylthio)-2-chlorophenyl]acrylate, followed by mesylation, iodination and nitration, to form 1-benzyloxy-3-[3-chloro-4-(3-nitropropyl)phenylthio]benzene; forming 2-[2-[4-(3-benzyloxyphenylthio)-2-chlorophenyl]ethyl]-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol using a formaldehyde solution; and reducing the resulting 2-[2-[4-(3-benzyloxyphenylthio)-2-chlorophenyl]ethyl]-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol to form the desired product.

Abstract: A method for producing aniline or toluenediamine is disclosed which comprises forming a dispersion comprising hydrogen gas bubbles dispersed in a liquid medium comprising either nitrobenzene or dinitrotoluene, wherein the hydrogen gas bubbles have a mean diameter less than 1 micron; and subjecting the dispersion to hydrogenation reaction promoting conditions comprising pressure less than about 600 kPa and temperature less than about 200° C., whereby at least a portion of the nitrobenzene or dinitrotoluene is hydrogenated to form aniline or toluenediamine, respectively. A system for carrying out the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is provided to produce 2,3,5,6-tetraaminotoluene. Highly pure salts of 2,3,5,6-tetraaminotoluene are produced via reduction of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitrotoluene. The 2,3,5,6-tetraaminotoluene salt is precipitated as a clean (>99% purity) product. The salt is a precursor for monomers to make a polybenzimidazole for high performance fibers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of syn-enriched 5-amino-9-isopropyl-benzonorbomene in which the ratio of compounds of formula (Ia(syn)) to compounds of formula (Ib(anti)) is from 70:30 to 99:1, which process comprises reacting a compound of formula (Il) in a pressure vessel with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a solvent, at a pressure of at least 2 bar and a temperature of from 00 C to 45° C., to form syn-enriched 5-amino-9-isopropyl-benzonorbomene.

Abstract: A process for preparing aromatic amines by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding nitro compound in a fluidized-bed reactor, in which a gaseous reaction mixture comprising the nitro compound and hydrogen flows from the bottom upward through a heterogeneous particulate catalyst forming a fluidized bed, wherein the fluidized bed is provided with internals which divide the fluidized bed into a plurality of cells arranged horizontally in the fluidized-bed reactor and a plurality of cells arranged vertically in the fluidized-bed reactor, with the cells having cell walls which are permeable to gas and have openings which ensure an exchange number of the heterogeneous, particulate catalyst in the vertical direction in the range from 1 to 100 liters/hour per liter of reactor volume, is proposed.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an improved apparatus comprised of a monolith catalytic reactor having an inlet and an outlet and a static mixer having an inlet and an outlet thereto with the outlet of said static mixer in communication with the inlet of said monolith catalytic reactor. The invention also pertains to an improvement in a process for effecting a reaction in the monolith catalytic reactor wherein a reactant gas and reactant liquid are introduced to the inlet to the monolith catalytic reactor, reacted and, then, the reaction product passed through the outlet of the monolith catalytic reactor.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of producing one or more 4-aminodiphenylamine intermediates comprising the steps: a. bringing an aniline or aniline derivative and nitrobenzene into reactive contact; and b. reacting the aniline and nitrobenzene in a confined zone at a suitable time and temperature, in the presence of a mixture comprising a strong organic base, or equivalent thereof, and an oxidant comprising hydrogen peroxide in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 0.60 moles of hydrogen peroxide to moles of nitrobenzene.

Abstract: Compounds containing phenolic hydroxy groups are removed from a gas stream which contains at least one aromatic amine generated during the gas-phase hydrogenation reaction of the corresponding nitroaromatic compounds with hydrogen, by adsorption on a basic solid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for hydrogenating aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding amines in the presence of hydrogenation catalysts, which comprises using hydrogenation catalysts in which nickel and platinum are present on a support in the form of an alloy having an atomic ratio of nickel to platinum in the alloy of between 30:70 and 70:30.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for hydrogenating aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding amines in the presence of hydrogenation catalysts, which comprises using hydrogenation catalysts in which nickel and platinum are present on a support in the form of an alloy having an atomic ratio of nickel to platinum in the alloy of between 30:70 and 70:30.

Abstract: Crude aniline is produced by hydrogenating nitrobenzene in the presence of a catalyst. The crude aniline is then extracted with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution under conditions such that the aqueous phase is the lower phase during separation of the aqueous and organic phases.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine having the steps of reacting nitrobenzene and aniline in the presence of a complex base catalyst, hydrogenating the reaction mixture with hydrogen, a powdery composite catalyst, and a hydrogenation solvent; separating, recovering, and reusing the complex base catalyst and the powdery composite catalyst from the reaction mixture; separating, recovering, and reusing aniline, and optionally water, from the the reaction mixture; refining the reaction mixture to obtain 4-aminodiphenylamine. The complex base catalyst comprises tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide, and tetraalkyl ammonium salt.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the production of aromatic amines by the catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds, with the process being characterized by at least one catalytic hydrogenation step and the catalyst consists at least of a monolithic support and a catalytically active coating.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of producing one or more 4-aminodiphenylamine intermediates comprising the steps: a. bringing an aniline or aniline derivative and nitrobenzene into reactive contact; and b. reacting the aniline and nitrobenzene in a confined zone at a suitable time and temperature, in the presence of a mixture comprising a strong organic base, or equivalent thereof, and an oxidant comprising hydrogen peroxide in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 0.60 moles of hydrogen peroxide to moles of nitrobenzene.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine, which process uses nitrobenzene and aniline as raw materials, a complex base catalyst as condensation catalyst and a powdery composite catalyst as hydrogenation catalyst, and comprises five process stages: condensation; separation I; hydrogenation; separation II; and refining. The process can be continuously carried out. By selecting a complex base catalyst to catalyze the condensation reaction and separating it prior to the hydrogenation, the problem that the complex base catalysts thermally decompose in the hydrogenation reaction is avoided, the selectable range of hydrogenation catalysts is largely enlarged so that it is possible to select cheaper hydrogenation catalyst, and the selection of production process and equipment is easier and further industrialization is easier. The complex base catalysts used in the present invention are inexpensive and have higher catalytic activity.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an improved apparatus comprised of a monolith catalytic reactor having an inlet and an outlet and a static mixer having an inlet and an outlet thereto with the outlet of said static mixer in communication with the inlet of said monolith catalytic reactor. The invention also pertains to an improvement in a process for effecting a reaction in the monolith catalytic reactor wherein a reactant gas and reactant liquid are introduced to the inlet to the monolith catalytic reactor, reacted and, then, the reaction product passed through the outlet of the monolith catalytic reactor.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine using nitrobenzene and aniline as raw materials, a complex base catalyst as the condensation catalyst, and a powdery composite catalyst as the hydrogenation catalyst. The process has 5 process stages including condensation, hydrogenation, separation I, separation II, and refining.

Abstract: Amines are prepared by hydrogenation of the corresponding nitroaromatics in a vertical reactor whose length is greater than its diameter and which has in its upper region a downward-directed jet nozzle via which the reaction mixture and, if desired, part of the starting materials are introduced, has an outlet at any point on the reactor via which the reaction mixture is conveyed in an external circuit by means of a transport device back to the jet nozzle and has a flow reversal in its lower region, wherein at least part of the hydrogen and/or nitroaromatic starting materials used is fed into the liquid phase of the reactor in such a way that they travel upward in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A process for the production of aromatic amines which comprises the reduction of an aromatic compound containing at least two nitro groups with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst is disclosed. The reaction is carried out so as to maintain up to 10% by weight of reaction intermediates (aminonitrites) and the solution produced is treated to recover the aromatic amine with a purity of over 99% and a mixture consisting of aromatic amine and reaction intermediates is recycled to the reactor.

Abstract: An alkynyl S,N-acetal derivative of the present invention is represented by the following structural formula: In the structural formula, R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, a silyl group, or an alkynyl group; each of R2 and R3 represents an alkyl group or an allyl group; and R4 represents an alkyl group. The alkynyl S,N-acetal derivative, which is a novel compound, is useful as a raw material of propargylamine.

Abstract: Liquid organic compounds are hydrogenated by a process in which the hydrogen present in the reactor contains proportions of at least one gas which is inert in the hydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: Supported, hydrogenating catalyst in powder form containing, as a catalytically active component, a primary precious metal component, a secondary precious metal component and one or more non-precious metal components. It is used for the hydrogenation of nitroaromatics, in particular nitrobenzene and DNT.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of nitrodiphenylamines by reaction of nitrohalogens with anilines, a base and a catalyst, and to a process for the preparation of aminodiphenylamine by hydrogenation of the nitrodiphenylamine intermediately prepared.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved catalytic compositions suited for use in hydrogenation processes and to an improved process for hydrogenating organic compounds as in amination of alcohols or hydrogenation of nitro groups to the amine using the catalyst. The catalytic composition is more particularly an improvement in nickel catalysts promoted with palladium carried on a support. The improvement resides in including a promoting effect of a metal M and/or its oxide, selected from Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ag, typically from about 0.01 to 10% by weight of the support.

Abstract: Disclosed are intermediates of the formula (A) and methods of making same.

Abstract: The invention is directed-to a method of producing one or more 4-aminodiphenylamine intermediates comprising the steps of bringing an aniline or aniline derivative and nitrobenzene into reactive contact and reacting the aniline and nitrobenzene in a confined zone at a suitable time and temperature, in the presence of a mixture comprising an inorganic salt or metal organic salt having a cation that would be a suitable cation of a strong inorganic base, an oxidant and an organic base, the mixture not including a reaction product of betaine and a strong inorganic base.

Abstract: Supported hydrogenating catalyst in powder form Supported, hydrogenating catalyst in powder form containing, as a catalytically active component, a primary precious metal component, a secondary precious metal component and one or more non-precious metal components. It is used for the hydrogenation of nitroaromatics, in particular nitrobenzene and DNT.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an improved apparatus comprised of a monolith catalytic reactor having an inlet and an outlet and a static mixer having an inlet and an outlet thereto with the outlet of said static mixer in communication with the inlet of said monolith catalytic reactor. The invention also pertains to an improvement in a process for effecting a reaction in the monolith catalytic reactor wherein a reactant gas and reactant liquid are introduced to the inlet to the monolith catalytic reactor, reacted and, then, the reaction product passed through the outlet of the monolith catalytic reactor.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an improved apparatus comprised of a monolith catalytic reactor having an inlet and an outlet and a static mixer having an inlet and an outlet thereto with the outlet of said static mixer in communication with the inlet of said monolith catalytic reactor. The invention also pertains to an improvement in a process for effecting a reaction in the monolith catalytic reactor wherein a reactant gas and reactant liquid are introduced to the inlet to the monolith catalytic reactor, reacted and, then, the reaction product passed through the outlet of the monolith catalytic reactor.

Abstract: The invention is a process to regenerate monolith catalytic reactors employed in the liquid phase hydrogenation reactions, particularly those kinds of reactions involving nitroaromatic compounds. The catalytic metals in the monolith catalytic reactor are deactivated by carbonaceous and deactivating byproducts and must be regenerated to extend the catalyst service life and reduce costs. The regeneration process involves two steps: initially passing an oxidizing gaseous mixture through the monolith catalytic reactor at an elevated temperature and for a time sufficient to remove carbonaceous and deactivating byproducts; and then passing a reducing gas though the monolith catalytic reactor previously exposed to the oxidizing gas under conditions for reducing the catalytic metal to its reduced state.

Abstract: This invention provides a composition suitable for use in a reaction zone where aniline is reacted with nitrobenzene to obtain intermediates of 4-aminodiphenylamine comprising a solid support having interior channels with base material employed in the reaction loaded into the channels. The cross-sectional dimensions of the channels are such as to provide a restricted transition state with regard to the reaction and to improve the selectivity of the reaction in favor of the intermediates. The invention also provides a method for loading the base material in the solid support. The invention further provides a process for carrying out the above reaction using the above composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved for the hydrogenation of an immiscible mixture of an organic reactant in water. The immiscible mixture can result from the generation of water by the hydrogenation reaction itself or, by the addition of, water to the reactant prior to contact with the catalyst. The improvement resides in effecting the hydrogenation reaction in a monolith catalytic reactor from 100 to 800 cpi, at a superficial velocity of from 0.1 to 2 m/second in the absence of a cosolvent for the immiscible mixture. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogenation is carried out using a monolith support which has a polymer network/carbon coating onto which a transition metal is deposited.

Abstract: A process for preparing an optionally substituted 4-aminodiphenylamine comprising reacting an optionally substituted aniline and an optionally substituted nitrobenzene in the presence of water and a base while controlling the water content so as to ensure a molar ratio of water to the base charged of not less than about 4:1 at the start of the coupling reaction and not less than about 0.6:1 at the end of the coupling reaction to produce 4-nitrodiphenylamine and/or 4-nitrosodiphenylamine and/or salts thereof. The coupling reaction is followed by a hydrogenation reaction where the coupling reaction product is hydrogenated in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and added water so as to ensure a molar ratio of total water to base of at least about 4:1 at the end of hydrogenation. Aqueous and organic phases are obtained and the optionally substituted 4-aminodiphenylamine recovered from the organic phase.