Abstract: Hybrid lithium-ion electrochemical cells include a first electrode having a first polarity and a first electroactive material that reversibly cycles lithium ions having a first maximum operational voltage and a second electrode having the first polarity with a second electroactive material having a second maximum operational voltage. A difference between the second and first maximum operational voltages defines a predetermined voltage difference. Also included are at least one third electrode including a third electroactive material that reversibly cycles lithium ions having a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, a separator, and electrolyte. A voltage modification component (e.g., diode) is in electrical communication with the first and the second electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an agent for oxidatively coloring or blonding hair that is gentle on the hair, and to a gentle method for oxidatively coloring or blonding hair, in which keratin fibers are protected from oxidative influences.

Abstract: An agent for oxidative hair coloring or bleaching, which is gentle on the hair, and a gentle method for oxidative hair coloring or bleaching, in which keratin fibers are protected against oxidative effects.

Abstract: A cleaning composition comprises at least one surfactant and at least one colorant. The cleaning composition can have a pH of about 3 or less. The colorant exhibits one of several specified structures at a pH of about 7. A method for cleaning a surface utilizes the cleaning composition.

Abstract: A method for the detection of explosives using a single sample. The explosives include nitro aliphatic and nitro aromatic-based explosives. The method includes steps which require different pHs to discriminate between these types of explosives and at least in the detection step of the nitro aliphatic explosive requires the presence of a nitro aromatic compound. A kit for detecting explosives which includes a medium for collecting a sample, a base optionally impregnated on the medium; and a nitro aromatic solution for detecting a nitro aliphatic explosive by contacting the solution with the sample on the medium. A reagent including a nitro aromatic compound, having one or more additional electron withdrawing groups, in the presence of a basic compound usable for detecting nitro aliphatic explosives.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to produce a non-conventional high-quality BNA single crystal. Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing the above-described high-quality BNA single crystal. Specifically, the present invention provides a BNA crystal characterized by having a half-value width of diffraction peak X-ray intensity of 100 seconds or less in a rocking curve measurement by X-ray diffraction method.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds having a structure selected from among Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III), Formula (IV), Formula (V) and Formula (VI) that are androgen receptor modulators and/or androgen receptor binding agents. Also disclosed are methods of making and using such compounds, including, but not limited to, using such compounds for treating various conditions.

Abstract: Multifunctional amine crosslinkers that may be used to create crosslinked polyimide, polyamide, and poly(amide-imide) polymers and films having shape memory properties at elevated temperatures and methods of making the same.

Abstract: A process for making a 2-nitro-1-ethanol derivative of formula III: wherein R3 is as described herein is provided. Novel 2-nitro-1-ethanol derivatives provided.

Abstract: A secondary cell, in particular a lithium-sulfur cell, that encompasses a cathode having an electrochemically active cathode active material, an anode having an electrochemically active anode active material, and a liquid electrolyte, the cathode active material and/or anode active material changing, in the context of the charging or discharging operation, from a solid phase form into a liquid phase form that is soluble in the electrolyte. To increase the charging/discharging rate and cycle stability and to decrease overvoltages, the secondary cell encompasses at least one redox additive that is soluble in reduced form and oxidized form in the electrolyte and that is suitable for reacting with the phase-changing electrode active material in a redox reaction in such a way that the electrode active material is convertible from the solid phase form into the liquid phase form.

Abstract: A method for producing a nitrobenzene compound represented by general formula (2), wherein R1 and R5 are the same or different, and each is a halogen atom or another functional group, and R2, R3, and R4 are the same or different, and each is a hydrogen atom or another functional group, comprises oxidizing an aniline compound represented by general formula (1), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are the same as described above, with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a tungsten compound under an acidic condition, followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide under a neutral to alkaline condition.

Abstract: Compounds which directly inhibit IRE-1? activity in vitro, prodrugs, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Such compounds and prodrugs are useful for treating diseases associated with the unfolded protein response and can be used as single agents or in combination therapies.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition including at least one compound of the Formulas (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, or prodrug thereof, as defined herein. Also disclosed is a method of treatment of diseases which are pathophysiologically related to GPR35, the GPR35-hERG signaling complex, or both, as defined herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor compounds and methods of identifying and using them. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions for treating cell proliferative disorders, especially cancer.

Abstract: Asymmetrical 2,5-disubstituted-1,4-diaminobenzenes are provided, along with a process for forming both symmetrical and asymmetrical 2,5-disubstituted-1,4-diaminobenzenes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ophthalmologic composition including a dye of the general formula I in which R1=substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical, R2=substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical with at least one polymerizable double bond, R3?H or substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical, R4?H, electron-withdrawing substituent or substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical and X?O, S, NH or NR5, wherein R5 is a substituted and/or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical. Moreover, the invention relates to another ophthalmologic composition and an ophthalmologic lens.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to produce a non-conventional high-quality BNA single crystal. Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing the above-described high-quality BNA single crystal. Specifically, the present invention provides a BNA crystal characterized by having a half-value width of diffraction peak X-ray intensity of 100 seconds or less in a rocking curve measurement by X-ray diffraction method.

Abstract: Highly pure 2,3,5,6-tetraaminotoluene species are produced by chemically reducing undesirable oxidation byproducts. The 2,3,5,6-tetraaminotoluene species are then used in the manufacture of superior high-performance polybenzimidazole polymers.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds that may be selectively activated to produce active anti-cancer agents in tumor cells. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of treating cancer using the compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed are fluoroether-functionalized aminoaromatic compounds and derivatives thereof. The compounds disclosed have utility as functionalized monomers and co-monomers in polyamides, polyoxadiazoles. Incorporation of the monomers into polymers can provide improved soil resistance to articles produced from the polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed are functionalized fluoroether-functionalized nitroaromatic compounds and derivatives thereof. The compounds disclosed have utility as precursors of functionalized monomers and co-monomers in polyamides, polyoxadiazoles and the like. Incorporation of the monomers into polymers can provide improved soil resistance to articles produced from the polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multi-substituted m-diarylanilines or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X, R1-R7 are as defined in the claims, their preparation process, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and their use for the manufacture of a medicament for anti-HIV.

Abstract: The invention relates to 2-aminobenzoyl-alkylamines, -alkylamides and -alkylthioamides, and their application for treatment or prevention of various physiological conditions.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to plant additives containing a molecule selected in a family of compounds, wherein said molecule can modulate some molecular markers and physiological modifications observed in cases of phosphate deficiency. The family of compounds comprises the molecule MC2 of formula (I) as well as analogues thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are ionic liquids and methods of preparing ionic liquid compositions of active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients. Also disclosed are methods of using the compositions described herein to overcome polymorphism, overcome solubility and delivery problems, to control release rates, add functionality, enhance efficacy (synergy), and improve ease of use and manufacture.

Abstract: Compositions capable of simultaneous two-photon absorption and higher order absorptivities are provided. Compounds having a donor-pi-donor or acceptor-pi-acceptor structure are of particular interest, where the donor is an electron donating group, acceptor is an electron accepting group, and pi is a pi bridge linking the donor and/or acceptor groups. The pi bridge may additionally be substituted with electron donating or withdrawing groups to alter the absorptive wavelength of the structure. Also disclosed are methods of generating an excited state of such compounds through optical stimulation with light using simultaneous absorption of photons of energies individually insufficient to achieve an excited state of the compound, but capable of doing so upon simultaneous absorption of two or more such photons. Applications employing such methods are also provided, including controlled polymerization achieved through focusing of the light source(s) used.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns a protected cyclopropylboronic acid comprising a substituted cyclopropyl group and a boronic ester group having a protecting group. The protecting group is an N-methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) group or MIDA-based group.

Abstract: Processes are provided for preparing complexes of 2,3,5,6-tetraaminotoluene with an aromatic diacid where the aromatic diacid is insoluble in water under ambient conditions. An integrated process design starting with nitration of 2,6-dihalotoluene eliminates costly intermediate drying and recrystallization steps. Handling of solid materials with possible skin sensitizing properties and toxicity is avoided, thereby eliminating human and environmental exposure.

Abstract: A description is given of 3-amino-2-nitro-substituted benzoyl derivatives of the formula (I) as herbicides. In this formula (I), X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are radicals such as hydrogen, organic radicals such as alkyl, and other radicals such as halogen.

Abstract: An integrated process is provided for preparing complexes of 2,3,5,6-tetraminotoluene with an aromatic diacid starting with nitration of 2,6-dihalotoluene. The process design eliminates costly intermediate drying and recrystallization steps. Handling of solid materials with possible skin sensitizing properties and toxicity is avoided, thereby eliminating human and environmental exposure.

Abstract: Complexes of 2,3,5,6-tetraaminotoluene with an aromatic diacid are prepared by reaction with a divalent salt of the aromatic diacid while maintaining the pH of the reaction solution between 3 and 10. The resulting complexes are suitable for making high molecular weight polybenzimidazole polymers for high-performance fibers.

Abstract: An integrated process is provided for preparing 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene and salts thereof, starting in certain embodiments with nitration of 1,3-dihalobenzene. The process design eliminates costly intermediate drying and recrystallization steps. Handling of solid materials with possible skin sensitizing properties and toxicity is avoided, thereby eliminating human and environmental exposure.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene by amination of 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene. The presence of water advantageously results in a highly pure product, free or essentially free of glycol ether impurities.

Abstract: A compound comprises a polymeric chain with a repeat unit repeated more than 5 times. The repeat unit comprises conjugated first and second cyclic groups and a plurality of side groups each bonded to one of the cyclic groups. A side group bonded to the first cyclic group is an electron donor and a side group bonded to the second cyclic group is an electron acceptor, such that the compound is switchable between first and second electrical conductive states by application of an electric field to the compound. At least one of the side groups is selected so that the compound is soluble in an organic solvent. The compound may be used in films, memory cells, or electronic devices. A layer of the compound may be formed on a surface by dissolving the compound in an organic solvent, applying the solution to the surface, and then removing the solvent.

Abstract: The application relates to a reagent of the general formula R1R2N—ZnY LiY??(I) wherein R1, R2 are, independently, selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl containing one or more heteroatoms, linear, branched or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or silyl derivatives thereof; and R1 and R2 together can be part of a cyclic or polymeric structure; and wherein at least one of R1 and R2 is other than H; Y is selected from the group consisting of F; Cl; Br; I; CN; SCN; NCO; Halon, wherein n=3 or 4 and Hal is selected from Cl, Br and I; NO3; BF4; PF6; H; a carboxylate of the general formula RXCO2; an alcoholate of the general formula ORX; a thiolate of the general formula SRX; RXP(O)O2; or SCORX; or SCSRX; OnSRx; wherein n=2 or 3; or NOn, wherein n=2 or 3; and a derivative thereof; wherein Rx is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl containing one or more heteroatoms, linear, branched or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or

Abstract: Embodiments of methods for preparing 3-aminopicric acid from picric acid is described. In one embodiment, the method comprises combining lithium hydroxide, picric acid, and a first solvent to form a first solution, combining lithium hydroxide, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and a second solvent to form a second solution, combining the first solution with the second solution to form a mixture, and cooling the mixture.

Abstract: A description is given of 3-amino-2-nitro-substituted benzoyl derivatives of the formula (I) as herbicides. In this formula (I), X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are radicals such as hydrogen, organic radicals such as alkyl, and other radicals such as halogen.

Abstract: 2-(3-Aminobenzoyl)-3-cyclopropyl-3-oxopropanenitriles of the formula (I) are described as herbicides. In this formula (I), X and Y are organic radicals such as alkyl and other radicals such as halogen, nitro and cyano.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gasoline combustion improver comprising an organic nitro compound with C—NO2 bond dissociation energy of about 60 to about 80 Kcal/mol of compound, wherein the organic nitro compound is selected from the group consisting of nitro-aromatics, heteroatom aromatic ring compounds, heteroatom nonaromatic ring compounds, and nitrated furfuryls, and wherein the organic nitro compound is not nitrotoluene or dinitrotoluene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multi-substituted m-diarylanilines or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X, R1-R7 are as defined in the claims, their preparation process, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and their use for the manufacture of a medicament for anti-HIV.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted biphenyls of the formula I in which the substituents are defined as follows: X is fluorine or chlorine; R1 is nitro, amino or NHR3; R2 is cyano, nitro, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C-6-alkenyl, C1-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl or phenyl; R3 is C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkenyl or C1-C4-alkynyl; n is 1, 2 or 3, where in case that n is 2 or 3, the R.sup.

Abstract: Phenylalanine enamide derivatives of formula (1) are described: wherein R1 is a group Ar1 L2Ar2Alk- in which: Ar1 is an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group; L2 is a covalent bond or a linker atom or group; Ar2 is an optionally substituted arylene or heteroarylene group; and Alk is a chain —CH2—CH(R)—, —CH?C(R)— or in which R is a carboxylic acid (—CO2H) or a derivative or biostere thereof; X is an —O— or —S— atom or —N(R2)— group in which: Rx, Ry and Rz which may be the same or different is each a hydrogen atom or an optional substituent; or Rz is an atom or group as previously defined and Rx and Ry are joined together to form an optionally substituted spiro linked cycloaliphatic or heterocycloaliphatic group; and the salts, solvates, hydrates and N-oxides thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a microreactor comprising a microchamber provided with a raw material introduction port and a product discharge port; wherein solid catalysts are aligned in a line in the longitudinal direction of the microchamber to fill the microchamber.

Abstract: Asymmetric cyclopropanation of olefins with diazosulfones.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ophthalmologic composition including a dye of the general formula I in which R1=substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical, R2=substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical with at least one polymerizable double bond, R3?H or substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical, R4?H, electron-withdrawing substituent or substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical and X?O, S, NH or NR5, wherein R5 is a substituted and/or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical. Moreover, the invention relates to another ophthalmologic composition and an ophthalmologic lens.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for modulating x-ray attenuation, where the x-ray attenuation compound can comprise a molecule having at least two conformational states, a first k-edge atom attached to the molecule at a first position, and a second k-edge atom attached to the molecule at a second position, where the molecule changes from a first conformational state to a second conformational state in response to an external stimulus. Additionally, a first interatom distance between the first k-edge atom and the second k-edge atom in the first conformational state can be within a first harmonic error of 0 to about 0.2, and a second interatom distance between the first k-edge atom and the second k-edge atom in the second conformational state can be within a second harmonic error of about 0.8 to 1.0.

Abstract: A compound of Formula (A), wherein R1 is C1-C5 alkyl, C3-C6 branched alkyl, C4-C7 cycloalkyl, C8-C12 fused or bridged polycycloalkyl, or heterocyclic ring, where any of the preceding alkyl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring groups may be singly or multiply substituted with X; R2 is H or R1; and X is halo, carbonyl carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, carboxamide, substituted carboxamide, hydroxy, alkoxy, thioalkyl, sulphoxide, sulphone, sulphonamide, substituted sulphonamide, phenoxy, substituted phenoxy, phenyl, substituted phenyl, amino, substituted amino (including quaternary ammonium salts), N-oxide, imino, 5-7 membered heterocycle, or substituted heterocycle.

Abstract: The present application relates to a novel family of double para-phenylenediamines joined by a linker arm substituted with one or more carboxylic radicals and/or derivatives and to the use thereof for the dyeing of keratin fibres. These novel para-phenylenediamines are useful as oxidation bases for the dyeing of keratin fibres.

Abstract: A mixture of isolated or synthetic affinity molecules in a liquid carrier is disclosed. The mixture comprises at least two different affinity molecules, each with affinity for a predetermined analyte, for use in a single or multi flow cell piezoelectric crystal micro balance apparatus. Each isolated or synthetic affinity molecule forms together with the predetermined analyte an interaction pair selected from the group consisting of anion-cation, antibody-antigen, receptor-ligand, enzyme-substrate, oligonucleotide-oligonucleotide with complementary sequence, oligonucleotide-protein, oligonucleotide-cell, and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomer-polynucleotide, wherein the polynucleotide may be selected from the group consisting of RNA, DNA and PNA polymers complementary to PNA oligomer. Use of the mixture for introduction into the liquid flow of a single or multi flow cell piezoelectric crystal micro balance apparatus is also described, as well as a kit containing the mixture.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of imaging amyloid deposits and to labeled compounds, and methods of making labeled compounds useful in imaging amyloid deposits. This invention also relates to compounds, and methods of making compounds for inhibiting the aggregation of amyloid proteins to form amyloid deposits, and a method of delivering a therapeutic agent to amyloid deposits.