Abstract: The present invention relates the use of 2,3-dihalonaphthoquinone compounds of Formula I wherein R1 and R2 are leaving groups like halogens selected from the group comprising Cl, Br, I and F and the R1 and R2 may be the same halogen or may contain different halogen groups, or sulphonyl groups, for making napthoquinone compounds of Formula IA wherein X is any aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cyclohexyl, substituted cylohexyl groups and the like.

Abstract: A modified dimethylnaphthalene formaldehyde resin is disclosed, which is excellent in heat resistance and useful for thermosetting resins which are used for an electrical insulating material, a resin for resist, a semiconductor sealing resin, an adhesive for printed wiring board, a matrix resin for electrical laminate or prepreg to be mounted in electrical instruments, electronic instruments, industrial instruments, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel process for preparation of atovaquone. The process includes reacting 1,4-naphthoquinone with trans-4-(4-chlorophenyl) cyclohexane carboxylic acid followed by halogenation to obtain a dihalo-compound. Further, dehydrohalogenation of the dihalo-compound produces a monohalogeno-compound which under goes hydrolysis to produce atovaquone. The invention also discloses atovaquone in a substantially pure and well defined polymorphic form designated as “Form IPCA-ATO,” and the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Improved methods of preparing hypocrellin B from 4,9-dihydroxy-3,10-perylenequinones are described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel process for preparation of atovaquone. The process includes reacting 1,4-naphthoquinone with trans-4-(4-chlorophenyl) cyclohexane carboxylic acid followed by halogenation to obtain a dihalo-compound. Further, dehydrohalogenation of the dihalo-compound produces a monohalogeno-compound which under goes hydrolysis to produce atovaquone. The invention also discloses atovaquone in a substantially pure and well defined polymorphic form designated as “Form IPCA-ATO,” and the preparation thereof.

Abstract: (3R)-3-Hydroxy-?-ionone and (3S)-3-hydroxy-?-ionone are two important intermediates in the synthesis of carotenoids with ?-end group such as lutein, zeaxanthin, ?-cryptoxanthin, and their stereoisomers. Among the various stereoisomers of these carotenoids, only (3R,3?R,6?R)-lutein, (3R,3?R)-zeaxanthin, and (3R)-?-cryptoxanthin are present in commonly consumed fruits and vegetables. There are 3 possible stereoisomers for zeaxanthin, these are: dietary (3R,3?R)-zeaxanthin (1), non-dietary (3S,3?S)-zeaxanthin (2), and non-dietary (3R,3?S;meso)-zeaxanthin (3) which is a presumed metabolite of dietary lutein. Dietary lutein as well as 1 and 3 are accumulated in the human macula and have been implicated in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration. (3R)-?-Cryptoxanthin (4) is also present in selected ocular tissues at a very low concentration whereas its enantiomer (3S)-?-cryptoxanthin (5) is absent in foods and human plasma.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, an industrial process for producing shogaols useful in the fields of for example foods, flavor, pharmaceutical products, qui-pharmaceutical products and cosmetics can be provided. The invention relates to novel intermediates represented by the following general formula and a process for producing shogaols from the intermediates. In accordance with the invention, shogaols can readily be produced, of which mass production has been difficult because shogaols have been produced only by the extraction process from a natural ginger. Intermediates; (in the formula (1), R1 represents hydrogen atom or methyl group; R2 represents optionally branched alkyl group with one to 18 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 each independently represents hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a protective group of the phenolic hydroxyl group; A represents an alkylene group with one to 4 carbon atoms; and X represents benzenesulfonyl group or toluenesulfonyl group.

Abstract: Processes for producing a compound represented by the formula (1), which includes an acrylic acid derivative and is useful as an agricultural chemical or medicine. One of the processes comprises the step of formulating a compound (3) and converting the OH of the resultant compound (2) into OR″. The first step comprises reacting a formic or orthoformic ester in the presence of a Lewis acid and a base. The second step comprises reacting the compound with R″OH or with R″OH and CH(OR″)3 under acidic conditions or using a phase-transfer catalyst in a two-phase system and regulating the base and the concentration thereof to stereoselectively synthesize the target compound. In another, process, the compound is efficiently produced without isolating the compound. The compound can also be produced without the compound (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of aromatic carbonyl compounds by oxidative cleavage of styrenes using lipases and hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen peroxide donors in the presence of carboxylic acids or carboxylic esters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the enantioselective preparation of tolterodine and analogues and salts thereof comprises the steps of: a) enantioselectively reducing the carbonyl function in a compound of formula (II): wherein R1, R2 and R3 independently of each other are hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, hydroxy, hydroxymethyl, carbamoyl, sulphamoyl or halogen, to form an enantiomerically enriched compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above; b) subjecting the compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) to a sigmatropic rearrangement to form a corresponding enantiomerically enriched compound of formula (IVa) or (IVb): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above; c) subjecting the compound of formula (IVa) or (IVb) to a Baeyer-Virliger oxidation to form a corresponding enantiomerically enriched compound of the general formula (Va) or (Vb): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above; d) converting the compo

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 2-aryl-3-hydroxy-&Dgr;2-cyclopentene-1-one derivatives of the formula (I) in which A, B, D1, D2, G, W, X, Y and Z are each as defined in the description, to processes for their preparation and to their use as herbicides and pesticides.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of Formula (I); where Q completes an optionally substituted 5-or 6-member saturated carbocyclic ring and R is optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl which comprises the rearrangement of a compound of Formula (II); where Q and R are as defined in relation to Formula (I) in a polar aprotic, dipolar aprotic or aromatic hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of a moderate base and an azole.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of formula (I): ##STR1## by rearrangement of a compound of formula (II): ##STR2## in a non-polar solvent in the presence of a cyanide source, an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, a phase transfer catalyst and 1-6 moles of water with respect to the compound of formula (II).

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 2-aryl-3-hydroxy-cyclopent-2-en-1-one derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which X represents halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, halogenoalkyl or halogenoalkoxy,Y represents hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, halogenoalkyl or halogenoalkoxy,Z represents halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy or halogenoalkoxy andA, B, D.sup.1, D.sup.2, G and n have the meaning given in the description,several processes for their preparation and their use as compositions for controlling pests and as herbicides.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the preparation of fluoroketones by the isomerization of corresponding epoxides, in the presence of an aluminum chlorofluoride catalyst. Fluorinated ketones are useful intermediates for the synthesis of various fluorinated compounds.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic compound is disclosed, which comprises coupling an aromatic sulfinic acid or a salt thereof with an aromatic halogen compound having at least one halogen atom attached to the carbon atom of the aromatic nucleus thereof or a vinyl group-containing halogen compound having at least one halogen atom attached to the carbon atom of said vinyl group in the presence of a catalyst compound containing an element selected from platinum metals.

Abstract: Aldehydes and ketones are prepared from epoxides of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkoxy or aralkyl and R.sup.3 has the same meanings or is hydrogen, by a catalytic rearrangement reaction in the presence of various catalysts, in particular zeolites of the pentasil type.

Abstract: An alpha-hydroxyl-alpha,alpha-di(inert-substituted)-gamma',delta'-yne ketone can be prepared by a procedure comprising contacting an acetylenic Grignard reagent with an alpha-hydroxyl-alpha,alpha-di(inert substituted)-alpha',beta'-ene ketone, and the alpha-hydroxyl-alpha,alpha-di(inert-substituted)-alpha',beta'-ene ketone can be prepared by a procedure comprising steps of contacting, first, an alkoxy allene with a lithium donating organic agent, second, product of the first step with a di(inert-substituted)ketone, and third, product of the second step with an acidic substance.

Abstract: A process for preparing oxocyclopentenes of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower alkenyl and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, ar(lower)alkyl, thienyl or cycloalkyl, which comprises subjecting a furan-carbinol of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is as defined above and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, ar(lower)alkyl, thienyl or cycloalkyl to rearrangement, subjecting the resultant hydroxycyclopentenone of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are each as defined above to hydrogenation and subjecting the resulting hydroxycyclopentanone of the formula; ##STR4## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each as defined above to dehydration.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of .alpha.-hydroxyketones ##STR1## having a high purity in a good yield from a compound ##STR2## by rearrangement reaction in aqueous alkaline solution, where R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 each represent an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and X represents hydroxyl group or a halogen atom.

Abstract: A novel process for preparing the E-isomer of triazolyl styryl ketone derivative of the formula (I): ##STR1## is disclosed. The process includes treating the Z-isomer of the derivative which may contain the E-isomer of the derivative with an acid and an isomerization catalyst in an organic solvent, precipitating and separating the resulting salt of E-isomer from the solution, and decomposing the resulting precipitate to obtain the E-isomer of the derivative free from the acid. The E-isomer is useful for preparing the E-isomer of triazolyl styryl carbinol of the formula (II): ##STR2## which is useful as an antimicrobial agent, a herbicide, a plant growth regulator, or the like.

Abstract: A novel process for preparing E-isomer of a triazolyl styryl ketone derivative of the formula (I): ##STR1## which includes treating Z-isomer of the derivative (which may contain E-isomer of the derivative) with sulfuric acid and an isomerization catalyst in an organic solvent, precipitating and separating the resulting sulfuric acid salt of E-isomer from the solution, and decomposing the resulting precipitate to obtain E-isomer of the derivative free from sulfuric acid. The E-isomer is useful for preparing E-isomer of triazolyl styryl carbinol of the formula (II): ##STR2## which is useful as an antimicrobial agent, a herbicide, a plant growth regulator, or the like.

Abstract: Enol ester precursors of benzoyl-1,3-cycloalkyldiones (e.g., the enol ester precursors of 2-(2'-nitrobenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione compounds) are converted to the desired benzoyl-1,3-cycloalkyldiones by heating the precursor in the presence of base and a catalytic amount of a trialkylsilylcyanohydrin as a cyanide source.

Abstract: Ethylenic carbonyl compounds of formula ##STR1## are made by the isomerization of acetylenic alcohols of formula ##STR2## in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a titanium derivative, a copper or silver derivative, and, if required, an acid, which may be in the form of an ester or anhydride, or an inorganic ester.

Abstract: The method for the isomerization of oxiranes of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen; R.sub.2 is alkyl or alkylene groups of 3 to 26 carbon atoms or the phenyl group which may also be substituted, and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or alkyl from 1 to 26 carbon atoms and in which the carbon atoms of the epoxy ring can also form components of a cyclic system, wherein as a catalyst there is used alkali iodide and a polyethyleneglycol with an average mol mass of 400 to 10,000 with a boiling point, preferably above the boiling point of the carbonyl compounds that are formed.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of phenylpropanones having formula: ##STR1## R and R.sub.1, equal or different, being C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups or being coincident in the CH.sub.2 group of a heterocyclic ring, wherein the corresponding allylbenzenes are catalytically epoxidized by means of H.sub.2 O.sub.2, in a biphase system comprising an aqueous phase containing H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and an organic phase containing said allylbenzenes, a solvent immiscible with said aqueous phase and a catalyst having formula Q.sub.3 XW.sub.4 O.sub.24 (Q being a quaternary cation containing hydrocarbylic groups having on the whole from 20 to 70 C atoms, and X being P or As) and wherein the thus obtained epoxides are isomerized by heating at 90.degree.-150.degree. C., in the presence of catalytic amounts of LiI.

Abstract: An acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compound is produced by rearrangement of the corresponding enol ester in the presence of a cyanide source. In one embodiment the cyanide source is employed with a molar excess of a moderate base, with respect to the enol ester. In another embodiment, the cyanide source is a stoichiometric amount, with respect to the enol ester, of potassium or lithium cyanide and a catalytic amount of a crown ether is used.

Abstract: Ketones are prepared by isomerization of aldehydes at elevated temperatures over zeolites.

Abstract: A method for producing 2-cyclopentenones represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, substituted or non-substituted aryl or aralkyl group, which comprises heating 4-cyclopentenones represented by the formula, ##STR2## wherein R has the same meaning as above, in the presence of 1,8-diaza-bicyclo[5,4,0]undecene or its organic acid salt.The 2-cyclopentenones are useful as an intermediate for perfumes, medicines and agricultural chemicals.

Abstract: A process of isomerizing branched aldehydes to ketones is provided which comprises contacting at isomerization conditions a branched aldehyde with a zeolite catalyst of the formula: ##EQU1## wherein M is selected from the group consisting of a mixture of alkali metal cations, especially sodium, and tetraalkylammonium cations, the alkyl groups of which preferably contain 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and x is at least 5. The contacting is conducted at a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. and at a pressure of from about 20 psig to about 100 psig. The branched aldehyde is contacted in the presence of water in a molar ratio of water-to-aldehyde of up to about 20 to 1.

Abstract: A process for preparing cyclopentenolones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having not more than 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl or alkynyl group having not more than 6 carbon atoms or a group of the formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a halogen atom directly from the corresponding furan-carbinols of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 is as defined above in a single step with an excellent yield, characterized in that the furan-carbinols are treated with water in the presence or absence of a catalyst.

Abstract: 2-phenyl propanal is converted to 2-indanone by contact at conversion conditions, typically vapor-phase conditions, with a catalyst of the formula Mo.sub.12 Cu.sub.0.1-10 V.sub.0.1-5 W.sub.0.1-3 M.sub.0-3 O.sub.x where M is an optional promoter, such as Sn, Sb, Te or a Group VIII element.

Abstract: A method of producing a 4-hydroxycyclopentenone represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, thienyl, phenyl, p-methylbenzyl or benzyl group and R.sub.2 is an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, which comprises reacting a furylcarbinol compound of the formula, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is as defined above, in the presence of an acid in a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent, to obtain a cyclopentenone compound of the formula, ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 is as defined above; reacting the cyclopentenone compound in the presence of an oxidizing agent to obtain a cyclopentendione compound of the formula, ##STR4## wherein R.sub.1 is a defined above; reacting the cyclopentendione compound with a Grignard reagent of the formula,R.sub.2 MgXwherein R.sub.2 is as defined above and X is chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, to obtain an oxocyclopentene compound of the formula, ##STR5## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing cyclopentenolones in good yields which comprises treating a 4-hydroxy-4-R.sub.2 -5-R.sub.1 -2-cyclopentenone of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having not more than 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having not more than 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having not more than 6 carbon atoms or a group of the formula: ##STR2## (in which R.sub.3 is hydrogen, methyl or halogen) and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, provided that when R.sub.2 is hydrogen, R.sub.1 is neither .alpha.-methylallyl nor .alpha.-methylpropargyl, in an aqueous medium in the presence or absence of a metal salt at a temperature of 20.degree. to 200.degree. C. to give the corresponding 2-R.sub.1 -3-R.sub.2 -4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenone of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each as defined above.

Abstract: Aldehydes, such as isobutyraldehyde, are isomerized to ketones, such as methyl ethyl ketone, by contact at isomerization conditions, typically vapor-phase conditions, with a catalyst of the formula M.sub.0.15-15 M'.sub.0.05-12 O.sub.x where M is at least one of Mo and Cu and M' is a promoter, such as a Group IIB or VIII element.

Abstract: 7-[3-(4-Acetyl-3-hydroxy-6-iodo-2-propylphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-4-oxo-8- propyl-4H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts are employed as antagonists of SRS-A (the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis) in the treatment of asthma and allergic diseases.