Abstract: A process for derivatization of an elemental carbon surface comprising exposing the carbon surface to a reaction mixture containing a thiol and a free radical initiator, and inducing decomposition of the initiator to free radicals so that moieties from the thiol become covalently attached to the carbon surface. The process can derivatize carbon with a redox active compound having a functional group which can be converted electrochemically between reduced and oxidized forms. Such derivatized carbon may be used in an electrode of an electrochemical sensor.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of known sulfonamides having antibacterial activity applicable on industrial scale, which allows their production in high yields and purity, comprising in particular the step of nucleophile aromatic substitution and oxidation in suitable conditions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to photoactivable protecting groups containing a diarylsulfide chromophore, a method for the synthesis thereof and their use as photoactivable protecting groups using maskless photolithography based array synthesis.

Abstract: The compound (I) or a salt thereof has an excellent controlling activity against pests. Then the compound (I) or a salt thereof is useful for an active ingredient of a pesticidal composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical, cosmetic and cosmeceutical topical compositions containing polyisoprenyl-protein inhibitor compounds and methods useful in the promotion of healthy epithelium and the treatment of epithelial-related conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical, cosmetic and cosmeceutical topical compositions containing polyisoprenyl-protein inhibitor compounds and methods useful in the promotion of healthy epithelium and the treatment of epithelial-related conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing 1,4-benzothiepin-1,1-dioxide derivatives substituted with benzyl groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel pesticidal azolidine derivatives as well as to oxazolidinone derivatives and their use as pesticides for combating animal parasites which occur in the agrochemical field and in the field of veterinary medicine, respectively. wherein X, m, R?, Q, G, U, l, A1 to A4 and R are as defined herein.

Abstract: Provided is a novel extractant for palladium capable of improving an extraction rate compared to the conventional extractant, DHS, and also capable of back-extracting palladium using an ammonia solution, and a method of separating and recovering palladium using the novel extractant.

Abstract: To provide a compound which has a higher vulcanization efficiency and superior heat aging resistance compared to conventional compounding agents for rubber compositions and which is environmentally friendly. An amine salt compound of a carboxylic acid containing a thermal dissociation portion having the Formula (I): wherein R represents an organic group selected from a C1 to C20 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 cycloalkyl group, a C6 to C20 aryl group and a C7 to C30 alkaryl group, R1, R2 and R3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C20 organic group which may have a heteroatom and/or a substituent group and X represents a C2 to C20 organic group which may have a heteroatom and/or a substituent group and a compounding agent for rubber vulcanization and a rubber composition containing the same.

Abstract: A method for producing a triarylsulfonium salt having a structure that only one of the three arobatic rings of the three aromatic rings on the cationic portion is different from the other two aromatic groups, and which is useful, for example, as an acid-generating agent for a resist or a photo cationic polymerization initiator, by reacting a diaryl sulfoxide and an aryl Grignard reagent RMgX??[2] in the presence of an activator with high affinity for oxygen of 3 to 7.5 equivalents relative to the above diaryl sulfoxide, and then reacting the resultant reaction mixture with a strong acid HA1??[3].

Abstract: A salt molten at room temperature that does not contain any organic solvent, excelling in stability; and a display device that is improved in the durability in high-temperature environment by virtue of the use thereof. There is provided a salt molten at room temperature characterized by being composed of a silver salt and any of compounds of the following general formula (I) or general formula (II).

Abstract: Disclosed is an efficient and widely-applicable method for commercially producing a thioether compound or a thiol compound which is useful as a pharmaceutical compound or a production intermediate of it. Specifically disclosed is a method for producing a thioether compound represented by the general formula [I] below or a salt thereof. This method is characterized in that a compound represented by the following general formula [III]:[III] (wherein X represents a bromine atom, a chlorine atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group, and ring A represents an aryl group or a heteroaryl ring group) or a salt thereof is reacted with a thiol compound represented by the following general formula [II]:[II] or a salt thereof in the presence of a palladium compound such as Pd2(dba)3, a base such as i-Pr2NEt and a phosphorus compound represented by the following formula [AA].

Abstract: The photobase generator of the invention is represented by the following formula 1: wherein Ar, R, A+ and X? are as defined in the specification. Since the photobase generator of the formula 1 absorbs ultraviolet lights of relatively long wavelength and is photolyzed to generate a strong base efficiently, a composition containing the photobase generator and an episulfide compound is easily cured by polymerization under ultraviolet irradiation.

Abstract: Elastomers which have excellent stability to prevent oxidative, thermal, dynamic, light-induced and/or ozone-induced degradation comprise, as stabilizers, at least one compound of the formula I [R—S(?O)m—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2]n—N(R1)2-n—R2, ??(I) in which R is C4–C20alkyl, hydroxyl-substituted C4–C20alkyl; phenyl, benzyl, ?-methylbenzyl, ?,?-dimethylbenzyl, cyclohexyl or —(CH2)qCOOR3, and, if m is 0, R may additionally be and, if n is 1 and R4 is hydrogen, R may additionally be R2—R1N—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—S(?O)m—(CH2)x— or R2—R1N—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—S(?O)m—CH2—CH2—(O—CH2—CH2)y—, R1 is hydrogen, cyclohexyl or C3–C12alkyl, R2 is R3 is C1-C18alkyl, R4 is hydrogen or —CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—S(?O)m—R, X is C1–C8alkyl, Y is C1–C8alkyl, m is 0 or 1, n is 1 or 2, q is 1 or 2, x is from 2 to 6, and y is 1 or 2. The compounds of the formula I are also suitable as stabilizers for elastomers to prevent contact discoloration of substrates coming into contact with elastomers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to C2-disubstituted indan-1-ol systems of the Formula I, physiologically acceptable salts and physiologically functional derivatives thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, salts, and derivatives, which are useful for reducing weight, for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity, and for the prophylaxis or treatment of type II diabetes in mammals. The invention is directed also to methods for reducing weight and such treatments and prophylaxis. The invention is directed also to processes for the preparation of such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel 4-sulfanylalkyl-3,5-dinitro benzyl alcohol compound and its preparation method, more specifically, derivatives of 4-sulfanylalkyl-3,5-dinitro benzyl alcohol compound having the following formula 1 and its preparation method: wherein, R is hydrogen, alkyl group, or acetyl group, and n is an integer of 1 to 25. The organic compound of the present invention can be used as a material for molecular electronic device.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel 4-sulfanylalkyl-3,5-dinitro benzyl alcohol compound and its preparation method, more specifically, derivatives of 4-sulfanylalkyl-3,5-dinitro benzyl alcohol compound having the following formula 1 and its preparation method: 1

Abstract: The invention relates to novel reactive polymers of formula wherein the variables are as defined in the claims. The polymers of the invention are useful for the modification of material surfaces and are particularly suitable for providing biomedical articles such as contact lenses with a hydrophilic coating.

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds of the formula: 1

Abstract: The invention relates to the shape selective acylation of an organic compound. In particular, the invention describes a process for such acylation wherein the process comprises reducing the number of surface acid sites without dealuminations on at least a portion of the surface of a zeolite and acylating the organic compound in the presence of the zeolite. The organic compounds used in the invention include, for example, olefins, aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic heterocyclic compounds, and phenolic compounds wherein the organic group may be substituted or unsubstituted. The zeolite may be any natural or synthetic zeolite with a unidimensional or multidimensional network, for example a two-dimensional, or three-dimensional network, or any molecular sieve with structural features similar to these.

Abstract: Indane dimer compounds of general formula 5, 6 or 9 and their pharmaceutical use, particularly to achieve smooth muscle relaxing activity and/or mast cell stabilizing activity and/or antiinflammatory activity are described, wherein in formulae 5 and 9, R1 and R3 to R15, and in formula 6, R1, R2 and R4 to R15, are selected from one or more of the same or different of: H, halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, acetoxy, carboxy, alkyl carbonyl, hydro carbonyl, amino, amido, alkylamino, hydroxylamino, amine oxide groups, azo groups, cyano, hydrazino groups, hydrazide groups, hydrazone groups, imide groups, iminoether groups, ureyl groups, oximc, nitro, nitrate, nitrite, nitroso groups, nitrile, heterocyclic groups containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, aralkyl groups, mono and polybenzoid aryl groups, substituted aryl groups, thiol, thioureyl, phenylthiol groups, sulphonic acid groups, sulphoxide groups, sulphone groups, alkyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl groups containing 3 to 8 ca

Abstract: A new method for producing unsymmetrically substituted fluorenyl compounds, one step of which is the preparation of 2,7-disubstituted fluoren-9-one derivatives via the nucleophilic substitution of a compound of the formula D wherein A′ is selected from the group consisting of —Br, —Cl, —F, —NO2, and —CN; A is selected from the group consisting of —NO2, —CN, —CO2R, —C(O)R, —SO2R, —SO2RF, —C(CN)═C(CN)2 and —CH═C(CN)2; RF is —CpF2p+1, p=from about 0 to about 10; R is an straight, branched or cyclic aliphatic alkyl group having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group such as phenyl or naphthyl; and is a carbonyl or a protected carbonyl such as a ketal or thio-ketal such as wherein R′ is —CrH2r+1; R″ is —(CH2)r—; and r is independently 2 or 3, with a nucleophilic reagent in the presence of an aprotic solvent

Abstract: The invention relates to novel o-nitrophenol derivatives and o-nitrothiophenol derivatives of the following structure: where: A1 to A3 are—independently of one another—H, F, CH3, CF3, OCH3, OCF3, CH2CH3, CF2CF3, OCH2CH3 or OCF2CF3; T is O or S; R is an aliphatic or araliphatic radical; and R* is H or R.

Abstract: Methods for rapidly generating large rationally designed libraries of structurally-diverse small molecular weight compounds using a multicombinatorial approach.

Abstract: A method of producing an ether-type thio-phospholipid of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: n is an integer of 13 to 17;A is C.sub.14 -C.sub.20 acyl group;G is a group selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## which is useful as synthetic substrate of cytosolic phospholipase A.sub.2 inhibitors, said method being applicable to mass production of the compound (I), intermediates therefor and the preparation of the same are provided.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (1) ##STR1## are described wherein Y is a halogen atom or a group --OR.sup.1, where R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group; X is --O--, --S-- or --N(R.sup.7)--, where R.sup.7 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, is each a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.8 (where R.sup.8 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group), --CONR.sup.9 R.sup.10 (where R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 which may be the same or different is each a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group), --CSNR.sup.9 R.sup.10, --CN, --CH.sub.2 CN group; Z is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- (where n is zero or an integer 1, 2 or 3; R.sup.5 is an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group optionally containing one or more heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms; R.sup.

Abstract: A gas phase process for the preparation of co-polymers comprising reacting carbon monoxide and an ethylenically unsaturated compound in the presence of a catalyst system based on(a) a source of cations of a metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table;(b) a source of anions which comprise a plurality of boron atoms or a source of organic boron containing anions or an aluminoxane; and(c) a source of ligands.

Abstract: A process which can be used to produce an aromatic sulfide compound having the formula of (R.sub.4-n)(X.sub.n)(W)Ar--S--R' is provided. The process comprises contacting, in the presence of a surfactant, a halo-substituted aromatic compound in an aqueous solution with a salt of a mercaptan under conditions sufficient to produce the aromatic sulfide in which the halo-substituted aromatic compound and salt of mercaptan are each present in an amount effective to synthesize the aromatic sulfide wherein R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl radical, X is a halogen, n is a number from 0 to 3, W is a substituent, Ar is an aromatic ring, and R' is a hydrocarbyl radical.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a nucleophilic reagent which is useful for grafting a substituted difluoromethyl group onto a compound containing at least one electrophilic function, characterized in that it comprises:a) a fluorocarboxylic acid of formula Ew--CF.sub.2 --COOH where Ew represents an electron-withdrawing atom or group, at least partially salified with an organic or inorganic cation, andb) a polar aprotic solvent;and in that the content of releasable protons carried by its various components, including their impurities, is at most equal to half the initial molar concentration of the said fluorocarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Diphenylheteroalkyl derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where A and R.sup.1 -R.sup.6 have the meanings specified in the description, and the preparation thereof are described.The substances are suitable for controlling diseases and as cosmetic agents.

Abstract: Disclosed are bis-meta-benzotrifluoride compounds having the general formula ##STR1## where each A is independently selected from the group consisting of NO.sub.2, NH.sub.2, and NH.sub.3.sup.+ Z.sup.-, Z.sup.- is an anion and B is selected from the group consisting of O, CO, S, SO, and SO.sub.2. The diamine compounds are useful as monomers in making polyimides, polyamide-imides, and polyamides.

Abstract: 2-Chloro-6-nitrophenyl alkyl sulphides of the formula ##STR1## in which the substituents are as defined in the description, can be prepared by reacting 2,3-dichloro-nitrobenzenes of the formula ##STR2## with mercaptans of the formulaHS-R.sup.1 (III)in the presence of 1-1.2 equivalents of a base per mole of mercaptan and in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, at a temperature of 0.degree.-100.degree. C., in an aqueous or aqueous-organic medium. The majority of the 2-chloro- 6-nitrophenyl alkyl sulphides obtainable in this way are novel.

Abstract: A process which can be used to produce an aromatic sulfide compound having the formula of (R.sub.4-n)(X.sub.n)(W)Ar--S--R' is provided. The process comprises contacting, in the presence of a surfactant, a halo-substituted aromatic compound in an aqueous solution with a salt of a mercaptan under conditions sufficient to produce the aromatic sulfide in which the halo-substituted aromatic compound and salt of mercaptan are each present in an amount effective to synthesize the aromatic sulfide wherein R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl radical, X is a hlogen, n is a number from 0 to 3, W is a substituent, Ar is an aromatic ring, and R' is a hydrocarbyl radical.

Abstract: Photoreactive compounds are synthesized from 2,5- or 2,6-dintrobenzyl groups. Also disclosed are methods of synthesizing reactive monomers containing 2,5- or 2,6-dintrobenzyl groups.

Abstract: 2-Aroylcyclohexanediones I ##STR1## (A is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylene; R.sup.1 is substituted phenyl or hetaryl which may furthermore carry a fused ring; R.sup.2 -R.sup.5 are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl; R.sup.6 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl and R.sup.7 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,with the proviso that R.sup.1 is not mono- or dihalophenyl)and the agriculturally useful salts thereof and the esters of I with C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -carboxylic acids or inorganic acids.The 2-aroylcyclohexanediones I are suitable as herbicides and plant growth regulators.

Abstract: Diaromatic compounds, characterized in that they correspond to the following general formula: ##STR1## in which: R.sub.1 is --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 OH, --COR.sub.8 or --CH.sub.2 OCOR.sub.9, R.sub.8 is H, OH, --OR.sub.10, --N(rr') or alkyl, R.sub.10 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl, r and r' being H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, etc., r and r' together form a heterocycle, R.sub.9 is alkyl, alkenyl or a sugar residue, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are --OR.sub.11 or --OCOR.sub.11, R.sub.11 is H, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, R.sub.3 in addition being H, R.sub.4 is H, OH, alkyl, alkoxy, F, Cl or --CF.sub.3, R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 are H, OH, alkoxy, .alpha.-substituted alkyl or .alpha.,.alpha.'-disubstituted alkyl, etc., R.sub.6 is H, OH, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, etc., R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 cannot simultaneously be OH or alkoxy and R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 cannot simultaneously be H, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 or R.sub.6 and R.sub.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide phenethyl alcohol derivative represented by the general formula (I), which is a stabilizing agent for colored images, particularly improved in resistance to plasticizers for the use in recording materials. ##STR1## (wherein Y: formula (II) or formula (III) R.sup.1 : H, alkyl, aralkylR.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 : halogen, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 : H, alkyl,Z: --SO.sub.2 --, --CO--, --C(CH.sub.3).sub.

Abstract: The synthesis and compound of a new caged calcium which is an ortho-nitrophenyl derivative of EGTA and various intermediates. It is synthesized in ten steps and 24% overall yield. The photosensitive chelator, nitrophenyl-EGTA, has a K.sub.d for Ca.sup.2+ of 80 nM and for Mg.sup.2+ of 8.8 mM. Upon exposure to ultra-violet light (in the region of 350 nm), the chelator is cleaved, yielding iminodiacetic acid photoproducts with known low Ca-affinity (K.sub.d =1 mM). The quantum yield of photolysis of nitrophenyl-EGTA in the presence of Ca.sup.a+ is 0.23 and in the absence of Ca.sup.2+ is 0.20. In experiments with chemically skinned skeletal muscle fibers, a fully relaxed fiber equilibrated with nitrophenyl-EGTA:Ca.sup.2+ complex, in the presence of physiological [Mg.sup.2+ ] (i.e. 1.0 mM), produced maximal contraction after a single flash from a frequency doubled ruby laser (347 nm). Half-maximal tension was achieved in 18 ms at 15.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel compositions are described which comprises an elastomer or a lubricant and at least one compound of the formulae I or II ##STR1## The symbols R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are as defined in claim 1.The compounds of the formula II and some of the compounds of the formula I are novel, and they are used especially as antioxidants.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another are C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or phenyl or benzyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by F, Cl, Br, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy or di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl)amino.The compounds are suitable as .pi.-acceptors and electrical semiconductors, and they can be used for antistatic finishing of objects.

Abstract: Nitrophenyl alkyl ethers can be advantageously prepared by reacting a nitrophenol with an alkyl halide in water as the reaction medium in such a manner that the nitrophenol is laid before with the water and the alkyl halide and a hydrogen halide-binding compound are then added simultaneously.

Abstract: This invention relates to structurally novel acyclic tocotrienol analogs, which are useful for cholesterol/lipid lowering in cases of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia, and for atherosclerosis. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and a method of use employing those compositions.

Abstract: Novel compositions are described which comprise an elastomer or a lubricant and at least one compound of the formulae I or II ##STR1## The symbols R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are as defined in claim 1.The compounds of the formula II and some of the compounds of the formula I are novel, and they are used especially as antioxidants.

Abstract: Compounds having non-linear optical activity of the general formula ##STR1## wherein D and A are electron donor and acceptor groups, respectively, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are aromatic bridging groups, X and Y are preferably groups capable of partaking in polymerization reactions are suitable for use in polymer-based light modulator devices.

Abstract: The compounds of formula I, ##STR1## wherein the substituents have various significances, and physiologically acceptable hydrolyzable derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in the 2 position of the 3-aminopropoxy side chain in esterified form, are useful as cardioselective .beta.-adrenoceptor blocking agents.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with novel odorants, namely enol ethers of alky-substituted oxo-tetralins and oxo-indanes, for example of oxo-tetralins or oxo-indanes having up to 6 or 7 alkyl substituents.

Abstract: Azo compounds of the formula D.sup.o --N.dbd.N--K.sup.o, in which D.sup.o is a radical of the formula (2), (2a) or (2b) ##STR1## in which Y is a substituent which can be eliminated by alkali to form the vinyl group, X is chlorine or bromine and R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, phenyl or halogen, and K.sup.o is the radical of a coupling component or another radical which contains azo groups, K.sup.o containing a group of the formula --N(R.sup.o)--Z, in which R.sup.o is hydrogen or lower alkyl and Z is a radical of the formula ##STR2## in which A is halogen or cyanoamido, R.sup.20 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and R.sup.21 has one of the meanings given for R.sup.20, or is an optionally methyl-substituted cycloalkylene radical, or is a phenyl radical, or in which R.sup.20 and R.sup.21, together with the nitrogen atom and if appropriate one or two further hetero groups, can form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radical.

Abstract: A preparation process of a bis(3-nitrophenoxy) compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a direct bond, divalent hydrocarbon having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a divalent group selected from --C(CF.sub.3).sub.2, --CO--, --S--, --SO--, SO.sub.2 --or --O--, which comprises reacting 4,4'-bisphenol with m-dinitrobenzene in the presence of an alkali metal carbonate or alkali metal hydrogen carbonate having a particle size of 250 .mu.m or less while removing generated water from the reaction system during the reaction. In one embodiment of the process, the reaction is carried out while simultaneously adding 4,4'-bisphenol and m-dinitrobenzene to a reaction vessel which was previously charged with the base and an aprotic polar solvent.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is compounds which correspond to the following general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 independently of one another represent H, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or an alkylaryl group, a heterocycle, or groups which are unsubstituted or substituted, in particular by one or more hydroxyl or alkoxy groups or halogen;n represents an integer from 1 to 5;i in each case takes values from 1 to n for the n successive ##STR2## links; R.sub.2, R.sub.4.sup.i and R.sub.5.sup.i independently of one another represent H, an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, amido, acyl or carboxyalkyl group, or a salt, or an alkyl ester of the latter; or R.sub.4.sup.i and R.sub.5.sup.i together form an oxo group ##STR3## R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 represent H, or R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 together form an oxo group ##STR4## x represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle which contains at least one nitrogen atom, or, in the event that ##STR5## where R.sub.8 and R.sub.