Abstract: A sulfurized extreme pressure additive and lubricant including the same providing good copper corrosion and seal compatibility.

Abstract: A battery electrode composition is provided comprising core-shell composites. Each of the composites may comprise a core and a multi-functional shell.

Abstract: Disclosed are a carboxylate represented by formula (I), and a carboxylic acid generator and a resist composition, including the same: wherein R1 represents a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R2, R3 and R4 each independently represent a halogen atom, a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and —CH2— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—; m2 and m3 represent an integer of 0 to 4, and m4 represents an integer of 0 to 5; and X0 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 72 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH2— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO2—.

Abstract: Methods of vulcanization using a high content sulfur polymer, instead of elemental sulfur, have been developed. These high sulfur content polymers are referred to as Chalcogenide Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Polymers (CHIP) materials and have good polymer compatibility in that they are soluble in a number of polymers. Furthermore, CHIP materials may have weaker bonds than the S—S bonds of elemental sulfur and thus provide for a higher crosslinking efficiency vulcanization.

Abstract: A resist composition including a compound represented by formula (b1) in which Rb1 represents an aryl group which may have a substituent; Rb2 and Rb3 each independently represents an aryl group which may have a substituent or an alkyl group which may have a substituent; provided that at least one of the aryl group represented by Rb1 and the aryl group or the alkyl group represented by Rb2 or Rb3 has a substituent containing a halogen atom, and at least one of the aryl group represented by Rb1 and the aryl group or the alkyl group represented by Rb2 or Rb3 has a substituent containing a sulfonyl group; and X? represents a counteranion

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to solid-state electrolytes and methods of making the same. The method includes admixing a sulfate precursor including one or more of Li2SO4 and Li2SO4.H2O with one or more carbonaceous capacitor materials. The first admixture is calcined to form an electrolyte precursor that is admixed with one or more additional components to form the solid-state electrolyte. When a ratio of the sulfate precursor to the one or more carbonaceous capacitor materials in the first admixture is about 1:2, the electrolyte precursor consists essentially of Li2S. When a ratio of the sulfate precursor to the one or more carbonaceous capacitor materials in the first admixture is less than about 1:2, the electrolyte precursor is a composite precursor including a solid-state capacitor cluster including the one or more carbonaceous capacitor materials and a sulfide coating including Li2S disposed on one or more exposed surfaces of the solid-state capacitor cluster.

Abstract: Disclosed are a salt represented by formula (I), and an acid generator and a resist composition which include the same: wherein R1 represents a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group; R2, R3 and R4 each represent a halogen atom, a fluorinated alkyl group or a hydrocarbon group; m2 and m3 represent an integer of 0 to 4; m4 represents an integer of 0 to 5; Q1 and Q2 each represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group; L1 represents a saturated hydrocarbon group, —CH2- included in the group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and a hydrogen atom included in the group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group; Y1 represents a methyl group which may have a substituent or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.

Abstract: A novel sulfonium salt having high sensitivity with respect to active energy rays, a photoacid generator including the sulfonium salt, and a photosensitive composition containing the photoacid generator. The sulfonium salt is represented by formula (a1). In the formula, R1 and R2 each independently represent the group that is represented by formula (a2) or an alkyl group that may be substituted by a halogen atom, R1 and R2 are bonded to each other and may form a ring with the sulfur atom within the formula, R3 is the group represented by formula (a3) or the group represented by formula (a4), A1 represents S or the like, X? represents a monovalent anion, and R1 and R2 are not both an alkyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive composition includes a compound represented by a formula (1), and a polymer having a structural unit that includes an acid-labile group. In the formula (1), R1 represents a group having a polar group; n is an integer of 1 to 4, wherein, in a case where R1 is present in a plurality of number, the plurality of R1s are identical or different, and optionally at least two R1s taken together represent a cyclic structure; A represents an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having a valency of (n+1); and M+ represents a monovalent onium cation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses cysteine prodrugs having the general formula: cystine dimers of the cysteine prodrugs having the general formula: protected cysteine analogs having the general formula: and dimers of the protected cysteine analogs having the general formula: The invention further encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing the disclosed prodrugs, dimers, and analogs, and methods of using such compounds for treatment of schizophrenia and drug addiction.

Abstract: A sulfurized alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium) dodecylphenate is prepared by reacting (i) dodecylphenol with (ii) calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide in an amount of about 0.3 to about 0.7 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged and (iii) an alkylene glycol in an amount of about 0.13 to about 0.6 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged; and reacting the product of the first step with sulfur in an amount of about 1.6 to about 3 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged; and thereafter optionally reacting the product with additional calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide and with carbon dioxide so as to form an overbased phenate. The product thus prepared has reduced levels of monomeric dodecylphenol.

Abstract: A sulfonium salt compound represented by the following general formula (I): where R1 and R2 each denote the same or a different alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R3 and R4 each denote the same or a different alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, X? denotes a sulfonate anion or a carboxylate anion, and the substituents denoted by R3O and R4O are each located at an arbitrary position selected from the 2-position to the 8-position of the naphthyl group.

Abstract: Acid generator compounds are provided that are particularly useful as photoresist composition components. Preferred acid generators include cyclic sulfonium compounds that comprise a covalently linked acid-labile group.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for inducing reversible chain cleavage of polymer chains in a crosslinked polymeric material or during polymerization of a polymeric material. Reversible cleavage of the polymer backbone is capable of relieving stress in the polymeric material as the bonds reform in a less stressed state. The invention also provides mixtures for making crosslinked polymeric materials, methods for making polymeric materials capable of reversible chain cleavage, materials made by the methods of the invention, and linear monomers containing reversible chain cleavage groups which are useful in the materials and methods of the invention. The mixtures of the invention may be dental restorative compositions used for forming dental restorative materials.

Abstract: An efficient and highly Markovnikov selective organoactinide-, organolanthanide-, and organozirconium-catalyzed addition of aryl, benzyl, and aliphatic thiols to terminal alkynes is described. The corresponding vinyl sulfides are produced with little or no side-products.

Abstract: Novel substituted phenylsulfur trifluorides that act as fluorinating agents are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for their preparation and methods for their use in introducing one or more fluorine atoms into target substrate compounds. Finally, various intermediate compounds for use in preparing substituted phenylsulfur trifluorides are provided.

Abstract: A method of producing polysulfides comprising the step of adding elemental sulphur to an allicin-containing plant extract. In preferred embodiments, the plant extract is mechanically treated members of the genus Allium, especially garlic. In further preferred aspects of the invention, the plant extract and sulphur mixture is heated, and the pH is controlled to allow manipulation of the polysulfide chain length. The addition of organic bases, containing nitrogen lone pairs, allows further control of polysulfide chain length.

Abstract: SBF derivatives, represented with the following formula: SBF-X wherein: with m=0, 1, 2 or 3; p=positive integer,; n=positive integer; L: is the same or different and independently represents C, PR, AsR, SbR, BiR, S, Se, Te, S?Y, Se?Y or Te?Y; Y: is the same or different and independently represents O, S, Se or Te; K: is the same or different and independently represents a chemical bond or a group selected from O, S, BR(2?p), N, NR(2?p), R(2?p)P?O, B3O3, (PR)3N3, CR(3?p), CR(3?p)(C6H4)(p+1), SiR(3?p)(C6H4)(p+1) alkyne, substituted alkyne, alkyne, substituted alkyne, aromatic or R substituted aromatic, heteroaromatic-or a combination of two, three or four of the above mentioned groups; SBF: spiro-compound of formula (I): R, A, B, C, D: is the same or different and independently represents H, deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy chain, or a combination from two, three or four of these systems; two or more substituents R can form a further monocyclic or

Abstract: A process of preparing an E-carbon nanocomposite includes contacting a porous carbon substrate with an E-containing material to form a mixture; and sonicating the mixture to form the E-carbon nanocomposite; where E is S, Se, SexSy, or Te, x is greater than 0; and y is greater than 0.

Abstract: An efficient and highly Markovnikov selective organoactinide-, organolanthanide-, and organozirconium-catalyzed addition of aryl, benzyl, and aliphatic thiols to terminal alkynes is described. The corresponding vinyl sulfides are produced with little or no side-products.

Abstract: A description is given of (4-haloalkyl-3-thiobenzoyl)cyclohexanediones of the formula (I) and of their use as herbicides. In this formula (I), X, Y, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are radicals such as hydrogen and organic radicals such as alkyl. A and Z are oxygen or alkylene.

Abstract: A description is given of (4-trifluoromethyl-3-thiobenzoyl)cyclohexanediones of the formula (I) and of their use as herbicides. In this formula (I), X, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are radicals such as hydrogen and organic radicals such as alkyl. A and Z are oxygen or alkylene.

Abstract: Aldehyde-functionalized polyethers containing thiomethylaldehyde groups are described. Also described is a method of preparing the aldehyde-functionalized polyethers. These functionalized polyethers may be useful for protein conjugation, surface modification, and for the formation of hydrogel adhesives and sealants which are useful for medical applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to new reactive mesogenic compounds (RM), polymerisable liquid crystal (LC) mixtures and polymers comprising them, and the use of the compounds, mixtures and polymers in optical, electrooptical, electronic, semiconducting or luminescent components or devices, in decorative, security or cosmetic applications, especially for use in polymer films having high optical dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogenation catalyst, particularly useful for the hydrogenation of carbon disulphide (CS2) to form methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and to a preparation method thereof. The present invention also relates to a method for continuously preparing methyl mercaptan by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon disulphide, with a carbon disulphide conversion rate of 100%, and a methyl mercaptan selectivity of 100%.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for inducing reversible chain cleavage of polymer chains in a crosslinked polymeric material. Reversible cleavage of the polymer backbone is capable of relieving stress in the polymeric material as the bonds reform in a less stressed state. The invention also provides methods for making polymeric materials capable of reversible chain cleavage, materials made by the methods of the invention, and linear monomers containing reversible chain cleavage groups which are useful in the materials and methods of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel tricyanoborates of the general formula Catn+[B(CN)3(XR1)]—n, wherein R1 is C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C6-10 aryl or benzyl; X is oxygen or sulfur; and Catn+ is a cation with n being 1 or 2, which is selected from the group consisting of an inorganic cation and an organic cation; and also their preparation and use.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a compound of a compound of Formula 1 wherein Rf is a C2 to C12 perfluoroalkyl optionally interrupted by one to four moieties each independently selected from the group consisting of —CH2—, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, and —S(O)2—; n is 1 to 6; m is 0 to 2, provided that m is less than or equal to n. X and Y are each independently O or NR, R is hydrogen or C1 to C6 alkyl; R1, and R2 are each independently C1 to C6 alkyl, optionally containing one or more oxygen atoms and may form a ring selected from the group of piperidine, pyrrolidine, and morpholine; and R3 is O?, (CH2)pC(O)O?, (CH2)pCH(OH)(CH2)SO3?, and (CH2)qSO3?; p is 1 to 4; and q is 2 to 4 which is useful as a surfactant.

Abstract: A dihalobiphenyl compound represented by the formula (1): wherein A represents an amino group substituted with one or two C1-C20 hydrocarbon groups or a C1-C20 alkoxy group, R1 represents a fluorine atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, etc., X1 represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, an k represents an integer of 0 to 3, and a polyarylene comprising a repeating unit represented by the formula (2): wherein A, R1 and k represent the same meanings as defined above.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the masking of the odor of organic sulphides and more particularly that of alkyl sulphides or of dialkyl sulphides, especially dimethyl sulphide, and also of oxides thereof, and especially of dimethyl sulphoxide, by addition, to said organic sulphides, of at least one odor-masking agent comprising at least one monoester, at least one di- or triester, at least one alcohol, at least one ketone and, optionally, at least one terpene.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I), L, L?, L?, L1, L?1, L?1, L2, L?2, L?2, L3, L?3, L?3, L4, L?4, L?4, L5, L?5, L?5, L6, L?6, L?6, L7, L?7, L?7, L8, L?8 and L?8 independently of one another are hydrogen or an organic substituent; and/or one or more of the pairs L3 and L5, L?3 and L?5 or L?3 and L?5 together denote a single bond, provided that the respective X, X? or X? is not a single bond; and/or L3 and L5, L?3 and L?5 or L?3 and L?5 together denote an organic linking group; and/or one or more of the pairs L1 and L3, L1 and L, L5 and L7, L?1 and L?3, L?1 and L?, L?5 and L?7, L?1 and L?3, L?1 and L?, or L?5 and L?7, together denote an organic linking group; provided that at least one of L, L?, L?, L1, L?1, L?1, L2, L?2, L?2, L3, L?3, L?3, L4, L?4, L?4, L5, L?5, L?5, L6, L?6, L?6, L7, L?7, L?7, L8, L?8 and L?8 is other than hydrogen; X, X? and X? independently of one another are a single bond, CRaRb O, S, NRc or NCORc; Ra, Rb and Rc independently of one another are hydrogen or an organic substituent; and Y is an ino

Abstract: A method of separating components of mixtures of chemical compounds uses a nonporous membrane of copolymer of a perfluorinated cyclic or cyclizable monomer, and a 4 carbon dicarboxyl-containing comonomer, such as maleic anhydride. Optionally, the membrane composition includes an acyclic fluorinated olefin termonomer. The membranes provide a remarkably high selectivity of water relative to organic solvents and inorganic acids compared to dipolymer membranes of perfluorinated comonomers.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I), wherein L1, L2, L3 and L4 independently of one another are hydrogen or an organic substituent; R is for example C1-C20alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C20alkenyl, substituted C1-C20alkyl; X is O, S, NRa or NCORa; Ra is for example hydrogen or C1-C20alkyl; and Y is an inorganic or organic anion; are suitable as photolatent acid generators.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I), (II), (III), (IV) and wherein, R is hydrogen, C1-C20alkyl; C2-C20alkyl interrupted by one or more O; is -L-X—R2 or -L-R2; R1 has for example one of the meanings as given for R; R2 is a monovalent sensitizer or photoinitiator moiety; Ar1 and Ar2 for example independently of one another are phenyl substituted by C1-C20alkyl, halogen or OR3; or are unsubstituted naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl or biphenylyl; or are naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl or biphenylyl substituted by C1-C20alkyl, OH or OR3; or are —Ar4-A-Ar3; Ar3 is unsubstituted phenyl naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl or biphenylyl; or is phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl or biphenylyl substituted by C1-C20alkyl, OR3 or benzoyl; Ar4 is phenylene, naphthylene, anthrylene or phenanthrylene; A is a direct bond, S, O or C1-C20alkylene; X is CO, C(O)O, OC(O), O, S or NR3; L is C1-C20alkylene or C2-C20alkylene interrupted by one or more O; R3 is C1-C20alkyl or C1-C20hydroxyalkyl; and Y is an anion, are suitable as photolatent ac

Abstract: The present invention relates to oxonium salts having [(Ro)3O]+ cations and sulfonium salts having [(Ro)3S]+ cations, where Ro denotes straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1-8 C atoms or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by Ro, ORo, N(Ro)2, CN or halogen, and anions selected from the group of [PFx(CyF2y+1?xHz)6?x]? anions, where 2?x?5, 1?y?8 and 0?z?2y+1, or anions selected from the group of [BFn(CN)4?n]? anions, where n=0, 1, 2 or 3, or anions selected from the group of [(Rf1SO2)2N]9? anions or anions selected from the group of [BFWRf24?w]? anions, to processes for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof, in particular for the preparation of ionic liquids.

Abstract: The present invention is related to chemical compositions, processes for the preparation thereof and uses of the composition. Particularly, the present invention relates to compositions of compounds of Formula (A): wherein Ar, Y, R1 and q are as defined herein; and their use in the treatment of diseases, including treatment of sleepiness, promotion of wakefulness, treatment of Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, stroke, sleep apneas, eating disorders, stimulation of appetite and weight gain, treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (“ADHD”), enhancing function in disorders associated with hypofunctionality of the cerebral cortex, including, but not limited to, depression, schizophrenia, fatigue, in particular, fatigue associated with neurologic disease, such as multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and improvement of cognitive dysfunction.

Abstract: An article is provided for immobilizing functional organic biomolecules (e.g. proteins, DNA, and the like) through a covalent bond to a thiolate or disulfide monolayer to a metal surface wherein an extra activation step of the surface layer or an activation step of the functional biomolecules or bioreceptors could be avoided. The article comprises mixed self-assembled monolayers of thiol or disulfide molecules of formula X1—(CH2)c—O—([CH2]t—CH2—O)n—R1—S—X2 incorporating poly(ethylene oxide) groups and two functional groups, X1 and X2. Preferably, one functional group resists nonspecific adsorption and the other functional group directly (without activation) reacts with functional groups on the biomolecules. The functional group X1 is selected from the group consisting of flurophenyl, fluorobenzoyl, fluorophenoxycarbonyl, nitrophenoxycarbonyl, C2-12 alkenyl, sulfonyl halide, isothiocyanato, isocyanato, carbonyl halide, haloalkylcarbonyl, and diazonium carbonyl.

Abstract: A process for benzylating an alcohol includes mixing 2-benzyloxy-1-methylpyridinium triflate in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent having a predetermined boiling point; adding an acid scavenger to the mixture; combining the alcohol to be benzylated with the mixture; reacting the alcohol with the 2-benzyloxy-1-methylpyridinium triflate by heating above ambient temperature to generate the benzylated alcohol; and separating the benzylated alcohol from the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymeric compositions useful in the manufacture of biocompatible medical devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to certain hydrophilic monomers capable of polymerization to form polymeric compositions having desirable physical characteristics useful in the manufacture of ophthalmic devices. The polymeric compositions comprise polymerizable hydrophilic siloxanyl monomers.

Abstract: A method of producing polysulfides comprising the step of adding elemental sulphur to an allicin-containing plant extract. In preferred embodiments, the plant extract is mechanically treated members of the genus Allium, especially garlic. In further preferred aspects of the invention, the plant extract and sulphur mixture is heated, and the pH is controlled to allow manipulation of the polysulfide chain length. The addition of organic bases, containing nitrogen lone pairs, allows further control of polysulfide chain length.

Abstract: The mercaptan-laden natural gas is contacted with a mercaptan-adsorbing sieve T1. The mercaptan-rich gaseous effluent obtained upon regeneration of sieve T2 is then contacted with an olefin-containing liquid feed in the presence of an acid catalyst. Under suitable conditions, the mercaptans are absorbed in the liquid feed and they react with the olefins so as to form solvent-soluble sulfides. A solvent regeneration stage allows the capture agent to be recycled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thiol compound represented by formula (1): wherein R1, R2 and n have the same meanings as in the specification, method for producing the compound, and to a photosensitive composition and a black matrix resist composition using the same which have high sensitivity and excellent property of retaining a line width in fine line patterns at the time of alkaline development, that is, being excellent in development latitude.

Abstract: The present invention relates to thioester compounds and the incorporation and use of the new chemical entities as flavor and fragrance chemicals.

Abstract: Novel aromatic sulfonium salt compounds of general formula (I), photo-acid generators comprising the same, and photo-polymerizable compositions containing the same, capable of providing stereolithographic resin compositions which do not suffer from the hindrance to curing by oxygen, can easily give shaped articles having desired sizes by virtue of the high accuracy thereof in curing, can attain a satisfactory curing depth owing to the high sensitivity thereof for radiant energy and can be employed for wide usage, such as photoresist and ink for foods-packing medium, since the release of benzene is suppressed; and a stereolithographic process, using said stereolithographic resin composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for conditioning isocyanates. The purpose of conditioning of isocyanates or of mixtures of isocyanates is to remove organophosphorus components in a suitable manner such that the organophosphorus compounds no longer interfere with processing of the isocyanates.

Abstract: Novel substituted phenylsulfur trifluorides that act as fluorinating agents are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for their preparation and methods for their use in introducing one or more fluorine atoms into target substrate compounds. Finally, various intermediate compounds for use in preparing substituted phenylsulfur trifluorides are provided.

Abstract: A method for producing 4-(methylthio)butane-1,2-diol which comprises reacting 3-butene-1,2-diol with methanethiol in the presence of an azo compound such as an azonitrile compound, an azoester compound, an azoamidine compound and an azoimidazoline compound.

Abstract: A method for forming a polymer including a sulfur-containing functional group, the method comprising introducing a sulfur-containing initiator defined by the formula with conjugated diene monomer and optionally copolymerizable monomer within a polymerization medium and allowing the sulfur-containing initiator to initiate the polymerization of the conjugated diene monomer and the optional copolymerizable monomer, where R1 is a monovalent organic group, R2 is a divalent organic group, R3 is a divalent organic group or a bond, and a is an integer from 1 to about 5.

Abstract: A compound comprising Formula I, or a mixture thereof, wherein Y is a bond or CmH2m?p(OA)p wherein m is 0 to 4, and p is 0 or 1, X? is X or H, X is CH2CH2OA, CH(CH2OA)2, C(CH2OA)3, or X and X? combine to form (CH2CH2)2NCH2CH2OA or (CH2CH2)2O, provided that when X and X? combine to form (CH2CH2)2O then Y is CH2CH(OA)CH2, A is CF2CFHO—Rf or H, Rf is CnF2n+1 wherein n is an integer of 1 to about 6, M is a cation having a charge equal to a, and a is a positive integer equal to 1 or 2, provided that at least one of X, X?, or Y contains A equal to CF2CFHO—Rf, and its use in lowering surface tension and imparting improved surface effects.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid for compressing a gaseous medium which transfers the force required for compression directly to the gas. The liquid has a vapour pressure of less than 10?3 mbar.