Abstract: A process for producing branched alcohols through isomerization, hydroformylation and hydrogenation.

Abstract: A process of co-feeding gaseous ethylene with liquid allyl alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to produce 1,4-butanediol and n-propanol may include: introducing a gaseous mixture of ethylene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen into a reactor in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst in a solvent; introducing liquid allyl alcohol (AA) into the reactor; and carrying out hydroformylation reaction at a temperature between 50 and 100° C. to obtain hydroformylation products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for slowing deactivation of a catalyst and/or slowing tetraphosphine ligand usage in a hydroformylation process. In one aspect, a method comprises (a) contacting an olefin with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst, the catalyst comprising (A) a transition metal, (B) a tetraphosphine having the structure described herein, and, optionally, (C) a monophosphine having the structure described herein, the contacting conducted in one or more reaction zones and at hydroformylation conditions; and (b) adding additional monophosphine having the structure described herein to a reaction zone.

Abstract: A hydroformylation catalyst having excellent catalytic activity and stability, a composition including the hydroformylation catalyst, and a method of preparing an aldehyde using the hydroformylation catalyst, wherein, when hydroformylation of an olefin compound is performed in the presence of the hydroformylation catalyst to prepare an aldehyde, the normal/iso (n/i) ratio of the prepared aldehyde is lowered, and synthesis gas yield is increased.

Abstract: A process for selectively producing 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde from allyl alcohol is described. The process comprises reacting allyl alcohol with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst system comprising a rhodium complex and a trans-1,2-bis(bis(3,4,5-tri-n-alkylphenyl)phosphinomethyl)-cyclobutane. The process gives high yield of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde compared to temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relate to processes for converting olefins to alcohols, ethers, or combinations thereof that are suitable for use as a gasoline additive. In one embodiment, the process comprises (a) receiving a feed stream, wherein the feed stream comprises one or more olefins having 2 to 5 carbon atoms in an amount of up to 80% by weight based on the weight of the feed stream; (b) hydroformylating the feed stream in the presence of a catalyst to convert at least 80% of the olefins from the feed stream to oxygenates; (c) separating a product stream from step (b) into an oxygenate stream and a stream comprising unreacted olefins, inerts, the catalyst, and the remaining oxygenates; and (d) treating the oxygenate stream to convert a plurality of the oxygenates into at least one of an alcohol, an ether, or combinations thereof is suitable for use as a gasoline additive.

Abstract: The application provides a Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling device including an information acquisition unit configured to acquire working state information or application scenario information of a chip connected with the Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling device in real time and a voltage frequency scaling unit configured to send voltage frequency scaling information to the chip according to the working state information or the application scenario information of the chip. The embodiment of the application dynamically scales the voltage frequency on chip-level and reduces the power consumption of chips.

Abstract: A system and a method for applying 13C or 1H NMR spectroscopy to a sample of oil in order to calculate and assign an indicative property such as cetane number, pour point, cloud point, aniline point and/or octane number of a gas oil or naphtha fraction of the crude oil.

Abstract: The catalyst solution used in a hydroformylation process is prepared for storage by first reducing its acid concentration and/or water content, and then storing the solution under a blanket of syngas and/or an inert gas. Alternatively, or in addition to, the catalyst solution can be stored with an aqueous buffer comprising materials that will neutralize and/or absorb the acid species within the catalyst solution.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to processes for the hydroformylation of olefins to produce aldehydes. In some embodiments, processes of the present invention are capable of maintaining high C2-C4 olefin conversion and/or provide more compact hydroformlyation processes.

Abstract: Provided is a composition capable of safely and efficiently removing a sulfur-containing compound, especially hydrogen sulfide, an —SH group-containing compound or a mixture thereof contained in a hydrocarbon, and not causing metal corrosion in devices. The composition is for removing a sulfur-containing compound in a hydrocarbon, wherein the sulfur-containing compound is hydrogen sulfide, an —SH group-containing compound or a mixture thereof, and the composition contains a dialdehyde having 6 to 16 carbon atoms and a polyalkylene glycol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition capable of removing safely and efficiently a sulfur-containing compound contained in a hydrocarbon, particularly hydrogen sulfide, an —SH group-containing compound, or a mixture thereof. Provided is a composition for removal of a sulfur-containing compound in a hydrocarbon, the sulfur-containing compound being hydrogen sulfide, an —SH group-containing compound or a mixture thereof: the composition containing a dialdehyde having 6 to 16 carbon atoms as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The invention relates to Rh, Ru, Co and Ir complexes comprising bidentate diphosphoramidites as ligands and to the use thereof as catalysts for the hydroformylation of olefins. The invention also relates to a process for preparing an aldehyde from an olefin using the complexes or ligands mentioned.

Abstract: The invention relates to Rh, Ru, Co and Ir complexes comprising bidentate diphosphoramidites as ligands and to the use thereof as catalysts for the hydroformylation of olefins. The invention also relates to a process for preparing an aldehyde from an olefin using the complexes or ligands mentioned.

Abstract: Novel complexes of diphenyl selenoxides and also use thereof and methods in which the complexes are used.

Abstract: The catalytic preparation of an aldehyde from an olefin proceeds in the presence of a monophosphite mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating a composition of matter with the aid of a membrane cascade having at least two stages, in which a separation is effected in each stage at at least one membrane at a separation temperature set for the particular stage. The invention further relates to a corresponding membrane cascade, to the use of said membrane cascade for catalyst separation from homogeneously catalyzed mixtures, and to a process for hydroformylation, in which the catalyst is separated by means of a membrane cascade. The problem addressed thereby is that of specifying a membrane-based process for separating compositions of matter, which has a minimum membrane area requirement and nevertheless fulfills the separation task and separation performance required. This problem is solved by the use of a membrane cascade with falling separation temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst composition containing a phosphorous-based ligand and a hydroformylation process using the same. More specifically, disclosed are a catalyst composition containing a monodentate phosphite ligand, a monodentate phosphine ligand and a transition metal catalyst, wherein the total content of the entire ligand including the monodentate phosphite ligand and the monodentate phosphine ligand is 1 to 33 moles, based on 1 mole of the transition metal catalyst, and a hydroformylation method using the same. The present invention has an effect of providing a catalyst composition which reduces an N/I (ratio of normal to iso) selectivity of aldehydes produced by hydroformylation of an olefin-based compound and exhibits superior catalytic activity and stability, and a hydroformylation method of an olefin-based compound using the catalyst composition.

Abstract: A multi-reactor hydroformylation process wherein a common product-catalyst separation zone is employed.

Abstract: A multi-reaction train hydroformylation process wherein a common product-catalyst separation zone is employed.

Abstract: A new stable, catalytically active, tetradentate organophosphorus modified rhodium hydroformylation catalyst has been discovered that is capable of producing aldehyde products with a high linear/branched product ratio from linear olefins. The tetradentate organophosphorus modifier is a tetrasubstituted 2,2?,2?,5?-tetramethyl-1,1?:4?-1?-terphenyl, whereby, each methyl group has one hydrogen substituted by an R, R?-diorganophosphine moiety. The R, R? may comprise aromatic, alkyl, arylalkyl and alkylaryl groups. The precursor 2,2?,2?,5?-tetramethyl-1,1?:4?,1?-terphenyl hydrocarbon may be prepared from para-xylene and toluene derivatives.

Abstract: A process of controlling hydroformylation reaction fluid temperature involves controlling the flow rate of reaction fluid through an external heat exchanger.

Abstract: A functionalized nanomaterial having an average particles size of less than 10 nm comprising an iron oxide nanoparticle core and a bis(diarylphosphinomethyl) dopamine based ligand layer anchored to the iron oxide nanoparticle core is disclosed. In addition, a catalyst composition for use in a variety of chemical transformations wherein the bisphosphine groups of the functionalized nanomaterial chelate a catalytic metal is disclosed. In addition, a method for producing the functionalized nanomaterial and a method for the hydroformylation of olefins to aldehydes employing the functionalized nanomaterial with high conversion percentage and high selectivity are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for preparing aldehydes by hydroformylation of alkenes, in which an alkene-containing feed mixture is subjected to a primary hydroformylation with synthesis gas in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system, the primary hydroformylation being effected in a primary reaction zone from which a cycle gas containing at least some of the products and unconverted reactants of the primary hydroformylation are drawn off continuously and partly condensed, with recycling of uncondensed components of the cycle gas into the primary reaction zone, and with distillative separation of condensed components of the cycle gas in an aldehyde removal stage to give an aldehyde-rich mixture and a low-aldehyde mixture. The problem that it addresses is that of developing the process such that it achieves high conversions and affords aldehyde in good product quality even in the case of a deteriorating raw material position.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst composition and a method of hydroformylating olefin using the same, which may maintain catalyst activity through improvement of catalyst stability and reduce a use amount of a ligand while improving selectivity to iso-aldehyde, by using a specific ligand to a transition metal catalyst and a ligand stabilizer together in hydroformylation of olefin.

Abstract: A method for an olefin hydroformylation reaction comprising subjecting olefins and CO/H2 mixed gas to the olefin hydroformylation reaction in a reactor in the presence of a solid heterogeneous catalyst, which consisting of a metal component and an organic ligand polymer with hierarchical porosity, in which the metal component is one or more of Rh, Ir or Co, the organic ligand polymer is a polymer formed by polymerization of an organic ligand monomer containing P and alkenyl group and optional N, and in the solid heterogeneous catalyst, the metal component forms coordinated bonds with the P atom or N in the backbone of the organic ligand polymer and exists in a monoatomic dispersion state; the reaction technique and device are simple, and the catalyst has a stable hydroformylation property with a high activity and yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising: a) at least one support material; b) at least one metal selected from transition group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements and c) at least one compound of the formula (I) R?-A-R? (I), where A, R? and R? are each an organic radical, where R? and R? have the structural element —O—P(—O—)2 with trivalent P and are bonded covalently to the A radical via the latter, with the proviso that R??R?, to a process for producing such a composition, to the use of the composition and to a process and an apparatus for hydroformylation in which the composition is used.

Abstract: A solid heterogeneous catalyst consisting of a metal component and an organic ligand polymer, wherein the metal component is one or more of Rh, Ir or Co, the organic ligand polymer is a polymer having a large specific surface area and hierarchical porosity formed by polymerizing an organic ligand monomer containing P and alkenyl group and optional N via a solvothermal polymerization process, the metal component forms coordinated bond with the P atom or N in backbone of the organic ligand polymer and exists in a monoatomic dispersion state; when the catalyst is used in an olefin hydroformylation reaction, the metal component and the P and/or N atom form in situ an intermediate active species similar to homogeneous catalyst due to the coordination effect, and the catalyst has an excellent catalytic property, can be easily separated, and has a relatively high stability.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures of constitutional isomer bisphosphites of formulae (1a) and (2a), to a method for the production thereof, to the reaction thereof with metals to form mixtures containing complex compounds of the constitutional isomer bisphosphites of formulae (1a) and (2a) and the metal, and to the use thereof as a catalytically active composition in hydroformylation reactions. Said hydroformylactically active compositions comprises, in addition to the complex compounds of metal and the constitutional isomer bisphosphites of formulae (1a) and (2a), non-bound bisphosphites of the constitutional isomer bisphosphites of formulae (1a) and (2a) and at least one additional component.

Abstract: A method of managing the heat of a chemical reaction process.

Abstract: Provided is an industrially advantageous method for producing a dialdehyde having a production ratio of linear dialdehydes to branched dialdehydes of 80/20 to 90/10, with an amount of rhodium to be used that is lower than that in the related art.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process that tolerates a high level of methanol in the feed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing aldehydes having five carbon atoms, in which an input mixture containing 10% by weight to 50% by weight of linear butenes and less than 5% by weight of 1-butene is hydroformylated with synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst system comprising rhodium and at least one bisphosphite ligand, wherein the hydroformylation is effected in a reactor from which, over an operating period, a cycle gas containing at least a portion of the products and unconverted reactants from the hydroformylation is continuously drawn off and partly condensed, and uncondensed components of the cycle gas are recycled into the reactor, and wherein, after the operating period has expired, the hydroformylation is stopped, the reactor is freed of reaction residues and the hydroformylation is restarted. It is based on the problem of making such a process more economically viable.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a method and system for preparing gaseous utility streams from gaseous process streams, particularly, removing oil contamination from such streams prior to use in a dry gas seal. The methods and systems may include at least one kinetic swing adsorption process including pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, calcination, and inert purge processes to treat gaseous streams for use in dry gas seals of rotating equipment such as compressors, turbines and pumps and other utilities. The adsorbent materials used include a high surface area solid structured microporous and mesoporous materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde, characterized in that allyl alcohol dissolved in polar solvents is reacted with CO and H2 in the presence of a catalytic system which is formed from a rhodium complex and a cyclobutane ligand which contains at least two trans-coordinated 3 5-dialkylphenylphosphinomethyl groups, with the exclusion of catalysts which contain an aliphatic, araliphatic or cycloaliphatic phosphine as ligand.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing diketonato-rhodium(I)-carbonyl complexes, especially diketonato-rhodium(I)-triorganophosphine-carbonyl complexes, for example Rh(CO)(PPh3)acac. The process according to the invention is a “one-pot synthesis” and features a process procedure without intermediate isolation stages. After introduction of an Rh(III) halide precursor into a solvent and sparging with carbon monoxide (CO), a diketo compound of the R?—C(?O)—CH2—C(?O)—R? type and a base are added, forming the intermediate compound diketonato-Rh(CO)2. After addition of a triorganophosphine of the PR3 type, the reaction mixture is heated and the diketonatocarbonyltriorganophosphine-rhodium(I) complex is removed. The process enables a rapid operation and a high yield. The complex Rh(CO)(PPh3)acac prepared in accordance with the invention, because of its purity, is particularly suitable as a catalyst or precatalyst for homogeneous catalysis, for example for hydroformylation reactions.

Abstract: Organophosphorus compounds, catalytic systems comprising a metallic element forming a complex with the organophosphorus compounds and methods of hydrocyanation and of hydroformylation employed in the presence of the catalytic systems are described.

Abstract: A fluid end assembly including a pump housing with a number of interior passages for the flow of fluids. The housing has a plunger bore with a closed inner end and an open outer end. A suction passage intersects the plunger bore. A discharge passage intersects both the plunger bore and the suction passage such that the discharge passage, the suction passage, and the plunger bore radiate outwardly from their point of intersection to define a shape resembling a “Y”. A connector passage branches from the discharge passage. An outlet passage intersects the connector passage and passes through the pump housing at right angles to the plunger bore. A reciprocating plunger is located in the plunger bore. A suction valve is located in the suction passage. A discharge valve is located in the discharge passage. A fluid supply manifold is pivotally secured to the housing and is in fluid communication with the suction passage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for enriching a homogenous catalyst from a process flow comprising said homogenous catalyst as a component, wherein the process flow is conducted over at least one membrane and wherein the membrane wholly or partially comprises a polymer that has planar polymer units connected to one another via a rigid link and wherein the linker is contorted, such that at least one planar polymer unit is connected to at least one second planar polymer unit via the link, in a non-co-planar arrangement. The invention furthermore relates to a method for producing tridecanal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hydroformylation of unsaturated compounds such as olefins and alkynes using mixtures of synthesis gas (CO/H2), in which either the unsaturated compounds and a catalyst are heated to a reaction temperature of 60 to 200° C. and the synthesis gas is then added, or the unsaturated compounds and the catalyst are brought into contact with pure CO at normal temperature in a preformation step, then are heated to reaction temperature and on reaching the reaction temperature the CO is replaced by the synthesis gas. The pressure is 1 to 200 bar and the CO:H2 ratio in the synthesis gas is in the range from 1:1 to 50:1. The iridium catalyst used comprises a phosphorus-containing ligand in the iridium:ligand ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:100. With high catalyst activities and low catalyst use, very high turnover frequencies are achieved.

Abstract: Industrially relevant product selectivities and reaction rates are obtained from rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation of propylene via the use of a novel induction period in which the supramolecular ligand assembly, the rhodium precatalyst and an initial substrate are allowed to form a hydroformylation catalyst that is more selective toward branched aldehydes. Upon heating this incubated mixture and addition of propylene, iso-butyraldehyde is obtained in higher concentrations and rates that are otherwise unattainable.

Abstract: Mixed butene streams containing butene-1 and isobutylene and optionally butene-2 are hydroformylated under conditions that hydroformylates all the monomers to yield a mixture of valeraldehydes. Higher temperatures and/or longer residence times and/or higher partial pressure of carbon monoxide than in conventional processes are used to ensure hydroformylation of all the monomers.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved exothermic hydroformylation process having at least two reaction stages. Cooling is provided by externally cooling a stream of reaction mixture from one of the stages, dividing the cooled stream into at least two cooled reaction mixture streams; transferring one cooled reaction mixture stream back into the same reaction stage from which it was removed to cool the reaction mixture in that reaction stage; and transferring at least one cooled reaction mixture stream(s) into and through heat exchange means that cool a different reaction stage, and returning it to the same reaction stage from which it was removed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for hydroformylation reaction and a hydroformylation process using the same. In the hydroformylation process using the catalyst composition according to the present invention, increased catalytic stability and high catalytic activity can be obtained, and the selectivity of iso-aldehyde produced can be desirably controlled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of supplementing the catalyst in continuous hydroformylation during ongoing operation.

Abstract: The extraction process for removing metal salts from an organic hydroformylation reaction fluid (“HRF”) prior to returning the HRF to a reaction zone of a hydroformylation process, the extraction process comprising the step of contacting the HRF with an aqueous buffer solution, is improved by contacting the HRF with water in addition to that present in the aqueous buffer solution, i.e., with added water.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydroformylation method having improved catalyst stability in a reaction. Advantageously, provided is a hydroformylation method in which a specific ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl compound is incorporated during a hydroformylation reaction to prevent alkyl phosphite decomposed from a phosphite ligand from acting as a catalyst poison, thereby improving a yield of reaction and inhibiting decomposition of ligand and catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing low-odor n-butane by catalytic hydrogenation of a feed mixture. The aim of the invention is to provide such a method, wherein the feed material, in addition to n-butane, n-butene and up to 1 mass % formic acid and/or up to 1 mass % pentanals and/or up to 0.5 mass % pentanols, also comprises carbon monoxide. The aim is achieved by treating the feed mixture in the temperature range of 15 to 120° C. with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in the concentration range of 0.5 to 30 mass % and subsequently subjecting the feed mixture to the catalytic hydrogenation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for coproducting iso-type reaction product and alcohol from olefin, and a method for coproducting using the apparatus, in which the hydroformylation reactor provides a sufficient reaction area due to the broad contact surface area between the olefin and the synthesis gases that are the raw materials by a distributor plate installed in the reactor, and the raw materials can be sufficiently mixed with the reaction mixture due to the circulation of the reaction mixture so that the efficiency of the production of the aldehyde is excellent; and also the hydrogenation reactor suppresses the side reaction so that the efficiency for producing aldehyde and alcohol are all increased, and also iso-type reaction product and alcohol can be efficiently co-produced.

Abstract: Allyl alcohol, particularly from biobased sources such as glycerol, is hydroformylated to products including 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde by forming a homogeneous reaction mixture including allyl alcohol, a rhodium-based hydroformylation catalyst and a near critical liquefiable petroleum gas or mixture of such gases, reacting the near critical liquefiable petroleum gas (or gas mixture)-expanded allyl alcohol substrate with carbon monoxide and with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst, and recovering substantially all of the petroleum gas or gases overhead by reducing the pressure and degassing the product mixture. Dense propane is especially useful as a single inert solvent/diluent, and substantially no other solvent/diluent is needed.