Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of obtaining radiopharmaceutical precursors, and in particular precursors to protected amino acid derivatives, which are used as precursors for production of radiolabelled amino acids for use in in vivo imaging procedures, such as positron emission tomography (PET).

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-optical liquid-crystal display which contains, as dielectric, a liquid-crystalline medium having negative dielectric anisotropy and includes a backlight which essentially only emits light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more or has, between the liquid-crystal layer and the backlight, a cut-off filter which essentially only allows light having a wavelength of 420 nm or more to pass through. In particular, the liquid-crystalline medium comprises a) a (first) dielectrically negative component (component A) which consists of one or more dielectrically negative compounds of the formula I in which the parameters have the meanings indicated in claim 2, and a further (second) dielectrically negative component (component B).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetic acid and salts thereof by means of new synthetic intermediates.

Abstract: An arylalkenyl ether oligomer is produced by the reaction of a polyhaloalkene with a polyhydroxyaryl compound. Halogenation of the resultant oligomer produces a flame retardant having both aromatic and aliphatic bromine groups.

Abstract: Described herein are fluorinated organic compounds and methods of making fluorinated organic compounds, for example, using palladium complexes. Also described herein are compositions and kits containing compounds and palladium complexes described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetic acid and salts thereof by means of new synthetic intermediates.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for preparation of two pharmaceutical intermediates (I, II) of Aliskiren, said intermediates are obtained by reacting compound of formula I or II and tribromophosphorus oxide. The method replaces the method in the prior art which is using column chromatopraphy to produce the compounds I and II, and overcomes the defect that the method in the prior art hardly carry out in a large-scale industrial production. The product can be purified by recrystallization or vacuum distillation, and the chemical purity of the product is good.

Abstract: A flame retardant blend comprises at least first and second halogenated non-polymeric phenyl ethers having the general formula (I): wherein each X is independently Cl or Br, each m is independently an integer of 1 to 5, each p is independently an integer of 1 to 4, n is an integer of 1 to 5 and wherein the values of n for the first and second ethers are different.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound having general physical properties necessary for a liquid crystal compound, a high stability to heat, light or the like, a small viscosity, a suitable refractive index anisotropy, a suitable dielectric anisotropy and steep electro-optic characteristics, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, and a liquid crystal compound especially having a wide temperature range of a nematic phase. A compound represented by formula (1). with, for example, R1 and R2 are alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; A1 is 1,4-cyclohexylene; A2 is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; X is fluorine or chlorine; Z1 and Z2 are a single bond; and p and q is 0 or 1.

Abstract: Process for preparing one or more iodinated organic substances having a molecular mass of less than 2000 (substances (S)) using (A) at least one free-radical-generating substance chosen from peroxides, diazo compounds, dialkyldiphenylalkanes, substances derived from tetraphenylethane, boranes and iniferter substances comprising at least one thiuram disulphide group, (B) an ethylenically unsaturated substance capable of adding a free radical to its ethylenic double bond, (C) molecular iodine, which comprises the steps according to which at least a fraction of (A), at least a fraction of (B) and at least a fraction of (C) are introduced into a reactor, and then the contents of the reactor are caused to react, while introducing therein the possible remainder of (A), the possible remainder of (B) and the possible remainder of (C), until a moment is reached when the content of the reactor is a mixture comprising one or more substances (S).

Abstract: A substituted alkenylbenzene compound of formula (4): wherein X1 is a halogen atom, —SF5, C1-C6haloalkyl, hydroxy C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy C1-C6haloalkyl, C3-C8halocycloalkyl, C1-C6haloalkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C6haloalkylthio, C1-C6haloalkylsulfinyl or C1-C6haloalkylsulfonyl; X3 is a hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy or C1-C6alkylthio; X4 is a hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy or C1-C4haloalkoxy; R3 is —C(R3a)(R3b)R3c, where R3a and R3b are a halogen, or R3a and R3b together form a 3- to 6-membered ring together with the carbon bonding them by forming a C2-C5haloalkylene chain, and R3c is a hydrogen, halogen, C1-C5alkyl, C1-C5haloalkyl, C1-C4haloalkoxy or C1-C4haloalkylthio, with a proviso that where X1 is a fluorine, chlorine or trifluoromethyl, and X2 and X3 are hydrogen, where X1 and X2 are fluorine and X3 is a hydrogen, or where X1 and X2 are trifluoromethyl and X3 is a hydrogen, R3c is a hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine,

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline compounds having at least three fluorine-substituted benzene rings, a terminal trifluoromethyl group and at least one —CF2O— bridge. The invention also relates to liquid-crystalline media prepared therewith and to liquid-crystal display devices (LC displays) containing these media.

Abstract: A tetrafluorotoluene compound represented by the formula (1): wherein R represents a C1-C6 alkyl group, and a method for producing a tetrafluorotoluene compound represented by the formula (1) which comprises hydrogenating a tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol compound represented by the formula (2): Wherein R represents a C1-C6 alkyl group.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound having general physical properties necessary for a liquid crystal compound, a high stability to heat, light or the like, a small viscosity, a suitable refractive index anisotropy, a suitable dielectric anisotropy and steep electro-optic characteristics, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, and a liquid crystal compound especially having a wide temperature range of a nematic phase. A compound represented by formula (1). with, for example, R1 and R2 are alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; A1 is 1,4-cyclohexylene; A2 is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; X is fluorine or chlorine; Z1 and Z2 are a single bond; and p and q is 0 or 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of the formula (I) in which W, X, Y, Z, A and G have the meanings given above, to a plurality of processes and intermediates for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and/or herbicides, and also to selective herbicidal compositions comprising, firstly, the cis-alkoxyspirocyclic biphenyl-substituted tetramic acid derivatives of the formula (I) and, secondly, at least one crop plant compatibility-improving compound. The invention relates furthermore to increasing the activity of crop protection compositions comprising compounds of the formula (I) by adding ammonium or phosphonium salts and, if appropriate, penetrants.

Abstract: New methods for producing difluoromethylene-containing compounds with phenylsulfur trifluoride or a primary alkyl-substituted phenylsulfur trifluoride are disclosed. Also, new methods for producing trifluoromethyl-containing compounds with phenylsulfur trifluoride or primary alkyl-substituted phenylsulfur trifluoride are also disclosed.

Abstract: A molecular probe for labeling myelin includes a fluorescent stilbenzene derivative.

Abstract: Methods for carbon-sulfur (C—S) or carbon-oxygen (C—O) coupling reactions are provided. The methods involve the use of a transition metal complex comprising a heterocyclic carbene ligand complexed with a transition metal. Transition metal complexes comprising a heterocyclic carbene ligand complexed with nickel are also provided. The nickel heterocylic carbene complexes may be used for C—S or C—O coupling reactions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a new class of benzonitriles and to their use as androgen receptor modulators. Other aspects of the invention are directed to the use of these compounds to decrease excess sebum secretions and to stimulate hair growth.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing 3,3,3-trifluoropropionaldehyde, including the step of hydrolyzing a benzyl vinyl ether of the formula [1] in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of Arrhenius acids and Lewis acids, where R represents phenyl or phenyl having a substituent R1 selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, halogen atoms, nitro groups and amino groups.

Abstract: A practical and efficient method for halogenation of activated carbon atoms using readily available N-haloimides and a Lewis acid catalyst has been disclosed. This methodology is applicable to a range of compounds and any halogen atom can be directly introduced to the substrate. The mild reaction conditions, easy workup procedure and simple operation make this method valuable from both an environmental and preparative point of view.

Abstract: A novel perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether compound, a process for preparing a copolymer by using the perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether compound, and an optical plastic material comprising a copolymer prepared by the process are provided. More specifically, the perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether has a particular molecular structure; the process is performed by copolymerizing the perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether compound with a common fluorinated olefin in the presence of a perfluorinated radical initiator; and the optical plastic material comprises a copolymer prepared by the process and optionally a dopant.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a novel pentafluorophenyloxy compound, a method for producing same, a nonaqueous electrolyte solution capable of forming a lithium secondary battery having excellent battery characteristics such as electrical capacity, cycling property and storage property, and a lithium secondary battery. [Means for Solution] A pentafluorophenyloxy compound represented by the general formula (I) shown below, a method for producing same, a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing same and a lithium secondary battery: wherein R1 represents a —COCO— group, a S?O group or a S(?O)2 group, R2 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group with the proviso that at least one of the hydrogen atoms of R2 may be each substituted with a halogen atom and that R2 does not represent an aryl group when R1 represents a —COCO— group.

Abstract: A process for preparing (per)fluorohalogenethers having general formula: wherein: A and A?, equal to our different from each other, are selected among Cl, Br, H; m=1, 2; n=0, 1; R1 is a fluorinated substituent, preferably perfluorinated, selected from the following groups: C1-C20 linear or branched alkylic; C3-C7 cycloalkylic; aromatic, C6-C10 arylalkyl; heterocyclic or C5-C10-alkylheterocyclic; preferably perfluoroalkyl; R? is as defined in the application; by reaction of carbonyl compounds having formula: wherein: R1 and n are as above; u=0, 1; R? is as defined in the application; in liquid phase, with elemental fluorine and with olefinic compounds of formula: CAF?CA?F2??(III) wherein A and A? are as above, at temperatures from ?120° C. to ?20° C., preferably from ?100° C. to ?40° C., optionally in the presence of an inert solvent under the reaction conditions.

Abstract: A one-step process for the preparation of fluoroalkoxystyrene by contacting fluorinated olefin with a solution of hydroxystyrene is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides the following: an amphiphilic functional substance with lipophilicity, affinity for supercritical CO2, and if necessary hydrophilicity comprising an oligoolefin chain and a perfluoroalkyl group(s) at a single end thereof or at both ends thereof with or without the intervention of a poly(oxyalkylene) chain, which enables the utilization of supercritical CO2 as a reaction medium; a photopolymerizable functional substance comprising an oligoolefin chain and a reversible photopolymerization/dissociation group(s) at a single end thereof or at both ends thereof and a functional substance comprising a photo- and/or thermodissociable polymer obtained by photopolymerization of the aforementioned photopolymerizable functional substance, which can be utilized as recycle polymers; a hydrolyzable functional substance comprising a polymer obtained by chain-elongating plural oligoolefin chains through ester linkages, which can be utilized as a recycle polymer; and a functional substance capable of fo

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing 4-(6-bromohexyloxy)-butylbenzene by reacting 4-phenylbutanol with 1,6-dibromohexane in the presence of a base and a phase transfer catalyst, wherein 4-phenylbutanol in a diluent is metered into a mixture consisting of 1,6-dibromohexane, a base, a phase transfer catalyst and a diluent, and the use of the 4-(6-bromohexyloxy)-butylbenzene thus prepared for producing salmeterol in a method known per se.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel pentabromobenzyl alkyl ethers serving as highly effective flame retardants in polymers. The invention further provides a fire retarded polymer composition comprising said pentabromobenzyl alkyl ethers.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,3-di-halo-substituted benzene derivatives (II) from 2,6-di-halo-substituted benzaldehydes (I) (where X1, X2 are each independently F, Cl, Br, and R1, R2, R3 are each independently H, halogen, OH, C1–C12-alkyl, CF3, CHO, C6–C14-aryl, Oalkyl, Oaryl, NO2) by reacting with an alkaline medium, which comprises initially charging the alkaline medium and metering in the 2,6-di-halo-substituted benzaldehyde (I) or initially charging the 2,6-di-halo-substituted benzaldehyde (I) and metering in the alkaline medium

Abstract: A fluorine-containing styrene monomer of the formula (2) is produced by a first, second or third process. The first process includes (a) reacting a compound of the formula (1) with a compound of the formula (3), in the presence of a metal catalyst; (b) reacting the product of the step (a) with a base; and (c) reacting the product of the step (b) with hydrogen, in the presence of a metal catalyst and a phosphine or amine, thereby producing the target styrene monomer. The second process includes reacting a compound of the formula (1) with a compound of the formula (12), in the presence of a metal catalyst, thereby producing the target styrene monomer. The third process includes reacting a compound of the formula (13) with a compound of the formula (14) or (15), in the presence of a base, thereby producing the target styrene monomer.

Abstract: The invention is directed to polymerizable vinyl compounds having halogenated aromatic groups and to a method of synthesizing such compounds. In particular, the invention is directed to polymerizable aromatic vinyl compounds wherein, except for the vinylic hydrogen atoms, aromatic C—H bonds are replaced by C—X bonds, where X is a halogen or other selected substituent having a de minimus number, if any, of C—H bonds; for example, without limitation, highly fluorinated fluoroalkanes. In addition, the compounds of the invention have a de minimus number, if any, of N—H and O—H bonds.

Abstract: A process for preparing (per)fluorohalogenethers having general formula (I): (R)nC(F)mOCAF—CA′F2  (I) wherein: A and A′, equal to or different the one from the other, are Cl or Br or one is selected from A and A′ and hydrogen and the other is halogen selected from Cl, Br; R═F, or a fluorinated, preferably perfluorinated, substituent, selected from the following groups: linear or branched C1-C20 alkyl more preferably C1-C10; C3-C7 cycloalkyl; aromatic, C6-C10 arylalkyl, alkylaryl; C5-C10 heterocyclic or alkylheterocyclic; when R is fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, it can optionally contain in the chain one or more oxygen atoms; when R is fluorinated it can optionally contain one or more H atoms and/or one or more halogen atoms different from F: n is an integer and is 1 or 2; m=3-n; by reaction of carbonyl compounds having formula (II): (R)pC(F)q(O)  (II) wherein: p is an integer and is 1 or 2; q is an integer a

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing 4-(6-bromohexyloxy)-butylbenzene by reacting 4-phenylbutanol with 1,6-dibromohexane in the presence of a base and a phase transfer catalyst, wherein 4-phenylbutanol in a diluent is metered into a mixture consisting of 1,6-dibromohexane, a base, a phase transfer catalyst and a diluent, and the use of the 4-(6-bromohexyloxy)-butylbenzene thus prepared for producing salmeterol in a method known per se.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the use of ER&bgr;-selective ligands for production of medicaments for regulating fertility without additional use of a progestin. ER&bgr;-agonists are used for treatment of infertility and ER&bgr;-antagonists for contraception.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 2,3,5,6-tetrahaloxylylidene compounds of formula (I) where each Hal is independently fluorine or chlorine, and X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, —O—R, or —O—C(═O)R, where R is hydrogen, a straight-chain or branched C1-C12-alkyl- or a C6-C14-aryl radical, by reacting 2,3,5,6-tetrahaloxylylidenediamines of formula (II) with an alkyl nitrite and/or nitrous acid in HX as a solvent.

Abstract: There is provided an industrially advantageous process for producing a 1-chloro-4-arylbutane represented by the general formula (2): 1

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing aromatic bromide or aromatic iodide from an aromatic amine derivative using nitrite ion and holodimethylsulfonium halide generated in situ from hydrobromic acid/DMSO or hydriodic acid/DMSO. The process for producing compounds of the formula (1) is disclosed (1) wherein X is bromine or iodine: Y is carbon C or nitrogen; R1, R?2?, R3, R4 which may be the same or different and are selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, a hologen, a C1-C8 alkyl, a C1-C10 alkoxy, a nitro, a formyl, an aryl, a benzyl, a C2-C10 alkylcarbonyl and an arylcarbonyl, provided that adjacent groups as selected from among R1, R2, R3, R4 and R1 may combine to form a ring.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,3-di-halo-substituted benzene derivatives (II) from 2,6-di-halo-substituted benzaldehydes (I) (where X1, X2 are each independently F, Cl, Br, and R1, R2, R3 are each independently H, halogen, OH, C1-C12-alkyl, CF3, CHO, C6-C14-aryl, Oalkyl, Oaryl, NO2) by reacting with an alkaline medium, which comprises initially charging the alkaline medium and metering in the 2,6-di-halo-substituted benzaldehyde (I) or initially charging the 2,6-di-halo-substituted benzaldehyde (I) and metering in the alkaline medium.

Abstract: Resolved enantiomers of the formula (IA) and (IB) wherein B is a purine or pyrimidine base or aza and/or deaza analogs thereof are useful in antiviral pharmaceutical compositions to treat retroviral infections.

Abstract: The polymerizable compound of this invention is represented by general formula (I): where R is H, R′, R′O, R′COO, or R′OCO, R′ is a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, A1 and A2 are independently a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring which may include a substituent represented by formula (II) below; X is H or CH3; and Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are independently H, F, Cl, CH3, CH3O, CF3, or CF3O wherein at least two of Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are H and, if both A1 and A2 are cyclohexane rings, at least one of Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 is not H: where Y5, Y6, Y7, and Y8 are independently H, F, Cl, CH3, CH3O, CF3, or CF3O, at least two of Y5, Y6, Y7, and Y8 are H.

Abstract: It provides a production method of 4-methoxymethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzenemethanol to allow 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-benzenedimethanol to react with an inorganic base in water, and then add dimethyl sulfate and a water-immiscible organic solvent selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons and ethers to the reaction mixture, or to allow 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-benzenedimethanol to react with an inorganic base in water and said water-immiscible organic solvent, and then to add dimethyl sulfate to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a novel optically active compound represented by the general formula [IV]. This method includes the step of reacting a vinyl ether with a halogenated acetaldehyde in the presence of an optically active binaphthol-titanium complex. With this, the novel optically active compound can be produced very easily. Furthermore, the novel optically active compound can easily be oxidized to a novel optically active &agr;,&bgr;-dihydrexyketone represented by the general formula [V]. These novel optically active compounds can each be used as useful intermediates.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is the process for the preparation of mixed ethers of formula I, wherein Ar represents an aromatic or one or more heteroatom-containing moiety, optionally substituted by one or more C1-4 alkoxy, methylenedioxy, C1-4 alkyl, halogen, C1-4 haloalkyl or nitro-group, and/or condensed with a benzene ring; R1 and R2 independently mean hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl group, R3 means C3-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted by one or more C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 alkenyl, C3-6 alkynyl, C1-6 haloalkyl group, or halogen atom, R3 also means a C1-4 alkyloxy-C1-4 alkyloxy-C1-4 alkyl group.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of 2-arylvinyl alkyl ether compounds of the structural formula I In addition, the present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of 1,4-diaryl-2-fluoro-2-butene compounds of the structural formula V

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluoride from its corresponding alcohol comprises the steps of (a) forming a mixture comprising (i) at least one fluorinated, saturated aliphatic or alicyclic sulfonyl fluoride (for example, perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride) and (ii) at least one primary or secondary alcohol; and (b) adding a molar excess of at least one strong, aprotic, non-nucleophilic, hindered, double bond-containing, organic base (for example, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)) to the mixture.

Abstract: Novel pyrimidin-4-one derivatives of formula [1] are provided, which are useful as active ingredients of herbicides, wherein R1 is hydrogen or alkyl; R2 is alkyl optionally substituted with halogen; R3 is alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, alkenyl, or alkynyl; and Q is substituted phenyl. Also provided are intermediates for their production and processes for producing these intermediates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to coding combinatorial chemical libraries synthesized on a plurality of solid supports by attaching “tags” that comprise fluorine containing compounds in combinations and/or ratios. The tags can be decoded while attached to the solid support by fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to follow the reaction history of individual beads, and to determine the particular member of the library that is attached on the bead.

Abstract: Compounds of ethynyl aromatic compounds form polymers which have high thermal stability. The monomers are useful for coating a wide variety of substances such as dielectric coatings where high thermal resistance is desirable including electronic components such as computer chips.

Abstract: The invention provides novel organic compounds, and more particularly those having excellent lubricity, compatible with lubricating organic compounds having a benzene ring and a phosphazine ring and retaining stability free of hydrolysis for a prolonged period of time. The organic compounds are represented by the formula R.sub.1 --R.sub.0 --R.sub.1 or R.sub.0 --R.sub.1. R.sub.0 is a chain saturated organic group containing a chain of carbon atoms or a chain of carbon atom C and oxygen atom O, and filled with fluorine atoms F or trifluoromethyl groups CF.sub.3 except at one end or both ends of the chain. R.sub.1 is --CH.sub.2 --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.p --{CH(CH.sub.3)}.sub.k --{C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 }.sub.t --R.sub.2 wherein p, k and t are each an integer of 0 or not smaller than 1, and R.sub.2 is phenyl or a functional group corresponding to phenyl in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms is substituted with a compound of at least two elements selected from the group consisting of C, H, O and F or with F, Br or Cl.

Abstract: Enzymatically cleavable chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetane compounds capable of producing light energy when decomposed, substantially stable at room temperature before a bond by which an enzymatically cleavable labile substituent thereof is intentionally cleaved, are disclosed. These compounds can be represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: X and X.sup.1 each represent, individually, hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a halo substituent, an unsubstituted lower alkyl group, a hydroxy (lower) alkyl group, a halo (lower) alkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, an alkoxyphenyl group, a hydroxyalkoxy group, a cyano group or an amide group, with at least one of X and X.sup.1 being other than hydrogen; andR.sub.1 and R.sub.2, individually or together, represent an organic substituent that does not interfere with the production of light when the dioxetane compound is enzymatically cleaved and that satisfies the valence of the dioxetane compound's 4-carbon atom, with the provisos that if R.sup.1 and R.sub.